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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[To live happily, we live secretly. The knowledge of virus reservoirs is essential for the fight against infectious diseases].

The concept of virusreservoir is defined and illustrated. It corresponds to the site where the microorganisms survive "cachés et heureux". The definite control of infectious diseases consists, whenever possible, of the elimination of the responsible organisms from their reservoir. Frequently the virusreservoir was originally thought to be located in the proximity of man, but later investigations showed many reservoirs to be situated at much greater ecological distance. In many situations the phenomenon of latency plays an important role. This phenomenon is badly understood and a better understanding of its mechanisms could offer means to combat the microorganisms and the diseases they cause.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Do parasites live in extreme environments? Constructing hostile niches and living in them.

We develop the hypothesis that parasites do not invade extreme environments, i.e. hostile hosts, but rather 'create' them. We argue that parasites may have driven the evolution of the constitutive and adaptive immune system. This leads to several implications. First, parasites respond to 'genes to kill' by 'genes to survive' and this triggers an indefinite selection of measures and counter-measures. Second, these coevolutionary arms races may lead to local adaptation, in which parasite populations perform better on local hosts. Third, the evolution of the immune system, whose responses are predictable, may allow parasites to specialize, to evade and even to manipulate. Finally we show that the correlations between the increase in the antibody repertoire, the expansion of MHC loci and parasite pressures support our hypothesis that both host complexity and parasite pressures can be invoked to explain the diversity of antibodies, T-receptors and MHC molecules.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Living longer, living better: the promise of aging research.

With the increasing numbers of the population aging, we are paying close attention to the opportunities and to the challenges of growing older. The needs of an aging populace are being met with a dramatic increase in research into the biology of aging, reducing disease and disability, and behavioral and cognitive aspects of aging.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Mothers with living children and children with living mothers: the role of fertility and mortality in the period 1911-2050.

Whether an individual has one or more surviving children at a given age and/or a surviving parent depends both on fertility (not only number of children, but also timing of childbearing) and mortality. We consider the contribution of changes in mortality and fertility to past and likely future trends on availability of such kin. The proportion of people aged 60 with a mother alive will more than double between those born in 1911 and 1970, and the figure will increase for at least the next 30 years. While there are increasing concerns about the availability of informal care for elderly people from children in the next quarter century or so, in fact we conclude that a higher proportion of elderly people are likely to have a surviving child than for any generation ever born in Britain, and will have more than any foreseeable future cohort.

Adult↗