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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Leaf habit influences nitrogen remobilization in Vaccinium species.

The effect of N supply on plant growth and leaf demography of a deciduous and an evergreen Ericaceae was studied in relation to their internal cycling of N. Mature ramets of Vaccinium myrtillus (deciduous) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (evergreen) were established in sand culture for 1 year with an adequate supply of a balanced nutrient solution. During one growing season, the plants were given two levels of N supply enriched with 15N and eight sequential destructive harvests were taken. Recovery of unlabelled N in the new shoot was used to determine the remobilization of N from storage. Initially, growth was unaffected by N supply. After May, High N enhanced growth for both species but the nature of their growth response differed. For both species, new shoot biomass and leaf number increased but root biomass production was affected for V. myrtillus only. Whole plant biomass production was similar for both species under High N, but was greater for V. vitis-idaea under Low N. The amount of N remobilized to support new shoot growth was similar for the two species and was independent of N current supply. N was remobilized predominantly from previous year leaves for V. vitis-idaea and from previous year stems and roots for V. myrtillus. The contribution of remobilization to new shoot N was similar for the two species, but depended on N supply. Remobilization was faster in V. myrtillus, but lasted longer in V. vitis-idaea. The results are discussed in relation to species growth in N-poor environments, focusing on the extent to which species-differences in the dynamic of N remobilization and growth may explain their adaptation to constant and/or changeable N supply.

Magnoliopsida↗
PubMed1999

CROWN GALL OF GRAPE: Biology and Disease Management.

Not until 1973 was it reported that strains of Agrobacterium that cause crown gall disease of grape form a specific group (later characterized as Agrobacterium vitis). Tumorigenic and nontumorigenic A. vitis have since been isolated from infected and symptomless grapes worldwide. Research on the genetic makeup of A. vitis has led to an improved understanding of pathogen biology and bacterial evolution. In addition, the identification of significant gene sequences has facilitated the development of PCR and RFLP-based identification procedures that continue to improve the detection of A. vitis in plants and soil. Current control practices rely on the use of disease-resistant cultivars, cultural practices that minimize plant injury, and the production of pathogen-free vines. Promising future controls include employment of biological control agents and development of crown gall-resistant transgenic grapevines.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

The genetic basis of chloride exclusion in grapevines.

Mediterranean regions are among the most important areas for global grape production, characterized by dry climates and frequent challenges associated with soil salinity. In these environments, chloride toxicity is a major factor limiting vine growth and fruit quality. Despite the critical role of chloride exclusion in salinity tolerance, the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed natural variation in chloride exclusion using a diverse panel of 335 accessions representing 18 wild and cultivated Vitis species. This panel, comprising accessions from the southwestern United States and Mexico, captures a broad range of evolutionary adaptations to abiotic stress and provides a valuable genetic resource for breeding efforts aimed at introducing novel traits. Using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, we identified a major QTL on chromosome 8, now designated qClEx8.1, containing candidate genes encoding cation/H⁺ exchangers (CHXs), which are involved in ion transport and homeostasis. To validate these findings, we analyzed a mapping population derived from Vitis acerifolia longii 9018 and the commercial rootstock GRN3, confirming the chromosome 8 locus as a major determinant of chloride exclusion. Structural variant analysis revealed nonsynonymous substitutions within CHX genes that may influence protein function and salinity tolerance. Additionally, we discovered a novel QTL on chromosome 19 enriched with G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinases, known regulators of stress signaling. By integrating phenotypic and genomic data across a diverse Vitis collection, this study advances our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying chloride exclusion and highlights candidate genes for breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks.

Vitis↗