Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “VOCATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Prediction of community integration and vocational outcome 2-5 years after traumatic brain injury rehabilitation in Australia.

OBJECTIVES: To predict community integration and vocational outcomes 2-5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Multivariate correlational design incorporating retrospective data collection and questionnaire follow-up. METHODS: Four hundred and forty six patients admitted to a Head Injury Unit between 1991 and 1995 were contacted. Data on predictor variables (demographic, injury severity and functional) were retrieved from hospital records. Community integration and vocational outcome was assessed by self-administered questionnaire. Two hundred and nine patients/carers completed and returned the questionnaires. Mean follow-up was 3.5 years. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics, multiple regression and discriminant analysis using SPSS. RESULTS: Community integration was predicted by age, disability level and cognition. Length of PTA, cognition, disability levels, GCS, functional status, length of acute stay and prior occupation discriminated those who returned to work. A total of 46.5% returned to work with 74.5% in the same or similar jobs. CONCLUSION: Long term outcomes post-TBI can be predicted by demographic, injury severity and functional status variables.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A two-year follow-up of work capacity in early rheumatoid arthritis: a study of multidisciplinary team care with emphasis on vocational support.

OBJECTIVE: To explore changes in sick leave patterns and work ability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The patients received active team support focusing on vocational rehabilitation, in addition to treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS: This is an observational study of 110 patients with early RA aged 18-60 years and not permanently disabled. All patients were monitored regularly during a 2-year period by a team comprising a nurse, an occupational therapist, a physiotherapist, a rheumatologist, and a social worker. Intervention included work-site visits and rehabilitation meetings with the employer and the official from the local social insurance office in addition to DMARD treatment and different individual treatments, and support from the team members. RESULTS: The number of patients working full-time increased from 65 to 74 (14%), those with full-time work disability decreased from 37 to 13 (65%), and patients working part-time increased from 8 to 23 (65%). This change was already evident during the first year. CONCLUSION: Active vocational support in addition to DMARD treatment may prevent or delay work disability in patients with early RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Return to work following vocational rehabilitation for neck, back and shoulder problems: risk factors reviewed.

PURPOSE: The present aim was an overview of factors associated with return to work following vocational rehabilitation for problems in the neck, back, and shoulders. METHOD: Studies were identified through a systematic keyword search in databases. For inclusion, return to work had to be in focus and studies to have been published between 1980 and 2000. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A great number of demographic, psychological, social, medical, rehabilitation-related, workplace-related and benefit-system-related factors are associated with return to work. The different types of risk factor are associated in many ways. People with greater chances of job return after vocational rehabilitation are younger, native, highly educated, have a steady job and high income, are married and have stable social networks, are self-confident, happy with life, not depressed, have low level of disease severity and no pain, high work seniority, long working history and an employer that cares and wishes them back to the work place. Unfortunately, people with the above profile are seldom found among the long-term sick.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Long-term effects of early versus delayed vocational rehabilitation--a four-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether early vocational rehabilitation is more effective than rehabilitation initiated at a later stage. METHOD: The study was based on a sample of 612 individuals on long-term sick leave (90 days or more) who had received vocational rehabilitation. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether time before start of rehabilitation was associated with the outcome. RESULTS: The study supports the hypothesis that early interventions are more effective than late, but only for women, and more so for the younger woman than for the older.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effect of financial compensation on vocational rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how financial compensation affects the outcome of vocational rehabilitation. DESIGN: A registry-based follow-up study. SUBJECTS: A total of 1397 rehabilitees discharged from the 5 local rehabilitation agencies in Aarhus County, Denmark from 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2001. METHODS: At submission demographic data was obtained as well as data on financial compensation, i.e. compensation for industrial injury, indemnity for off-duty injury and application for disability pension. Rehabilitation outcomes were recorded at discharge. Renouncing further attempts at rehabilitation was defined as a negative outcome; education, further rehabilitation or return-to-work on normal or less demanding terms were defined as a positive outcome. Rehabilitees with and without financial compensation were compared. RESULTS: Rehabilitees with involvement of financial compensation had an increased risk of a negative outcome compared with those without involvement of financial compensation. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the association between financial compensation and negative outcome. The risk of a negative outcome rose with increasing age, with less than 1 year of labour market experience and with rented housing. Previous occupation as a skilled worker reduced the risk. CONCLUSION: Financial compensation was associated with an increased risk of a negative vocational rehabilitation outcome.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

Effects of in-school and tailored out-of-school smoking prevention among Dutch vocational school students.

This paper evaluates a smoking prevention intervention aimed at vocational school students, consisting of an existing Dutch in-school program (three lessons each lasting 50 min) and a computer-based tailored out-of-school program (three tailored letters with smoking prevention messages mailed to students' homes). Nineteen schools that already participated in the in-school program were randomly assigned to the in-school or to the combined in-school and out-of-school condition. The remaining 17 schools were randomly assigned to the out-of-school condition or to the control group. Effect outcomes were assessed at 6, 12 and 18 months after a pre-test, and were based on initiation among never-smokers and continuation among ever-smokers. Twelve months after the pre-test (post-test 2), the in-school intervention was successful in preventing vocational school students from continuing to smoke, compared with students in the control condition [odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.84]. Eighteen months after the pre-test (post-test 3), the tailored out-of-school intervention was successful in preventing smoking initiation, compared with students in the control condition (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.18-0.96). The effect of the combined approach was not larger than the sum of the effects of the in-school and the out-of-school effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of measures of disability and health status in people with physical disabilities undergoing vocational rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to test among people undergoing vocational rehabilitation six measures of disability and health status commonly used in medical rehabilitation. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 30 people with disabilities on an occupational programme at a non-medical rehabilitation facility in England. Measures used were the Barthel index, Extended Activity of Daily Living (EADL) scale, the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) disability questionnaire, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF36). The main outcome measures were item non-response and time for completion of each measure, profile of disability and health status described by each measure, including pertinent domains detected or missed, and floor and ceiling effects. RESULTS: Item non-response was very low with all the instruments; the Barthel index was on average the quickest to complete (mean time 2.2 minutes) and the SF36 the longest (mean time 9.1 minutes). The study group were characterized as having problems in mobility or locomotion and bladder or bowel control, but some of the instruments were insensitive, detecting no disability in many subjects (e.g. 33 per cent showed no disability on the Barthel index). The SF36 scores were the least affected by floor and ceiling effects; mean SF36 scores on all scales except physical functioning were similar to those for the general population of similar age. Some problems were detected by only one of the instruments (e.g. pain and sleep by the NHP, problems with intellectual functioning by the OPCS scale). CONCLUSION: Disability measures commonly used in medical rehabilitation, such as the Barthel score and FIM, may be less useful in vocational rehabilitation where disabilities are less severe. Other measures show more promise but further testing is needed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Course patterns of psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia patients attending a vocational rehabilitation program.

Although considerable research has been undertaken on psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic schizophrenia, few studies have examined individual courses by means of repeated and frequent observation. A more dynamic view of rehabilitation might disclose patterns of response useful for both understanding and treating symptoms and disabilities associated with chronic schizophrenia. In an exploratory study, time series of 35 schizophrenia outpatients participating in a vocational rehabilitation program were examined by a relatively original quantitative approach to the identification of dynamical patterns. By using time series regression on weekly behavioral ratings, dynamical properties of mean, trend, and variability were calculated. Cluster analysis revealed five subgroups of courses: (1) stable at a high level, (2) fluctuating at a middle level, (3) at a middle level, tending toward a slight descent, (4) showing a steep descent, and (5) unstable at a low level of functioning. The subgroups varied at intake in psychopathology; in cognitive dysfunction; and in measures of self-concept, locus of control, and coping. At program end, pronounced differences were found among the subgroups in vocational reintegration. These different dynamical patterns can be understood as typical pathways linking patient characteristics to rehabilitation outcome. A broader use of dynamical designs could substantially clarify the variety of reactions of patients to psychosocial interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation focusing on work training and case management for unemployed sick-listed people.

Twenty-four unemployed sick-listed people were referred during 1996 and 1997 to a multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme with additional work training and case management. Twelve months after the programme, 54.2% in the study group had lowered their benefit levels compared with those at the start while 26.1% in the control group - who underwent a conventional rehabilitation programme - had lowered their benefit levels (p = 0.050, Chi-squared test). There were no significant differences regarding fewer sick days three and 12 months after the programme between the study group and the control group. Regarding self-assessed quality of life, there were no significant differences within or between the groups. We conclude that this multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme with work training and case-management affected the outcome positively regarding lowered level of benefits 12 months after termination of programme compared with level at start. Studies of the long-term effect of the programme should, however, be performed with more subjects in both study group and control group.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Disability pension despite vocational rehabilitation? A study from six social insurance offices of a county.

Many long-term sick-listed individuals move from vocational rehabilitation to pension, rather than reaching the goal of return to work. There is thus reason to consider whether rehabilitation resources are being used optimally. Individuals receiving disability pensions are consuming financial and personnel resources at the insurance offices and also consume a large amount of health care. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the proportion of individuals granted vocational rehabilitation but then obtaining temporary or permanent disability pensions. All persons receiving any kind of rehabilitation and attending one of six local national insurance offices in a county in Sweden in 1998 and 1999 were studied. A 2-year follow-up was carried out to assess changes in status among those who had received temporary disability pensions. Of all individuals receiving rehabilitation, 46.2% ended up with a disability pension allowance. In addition, a large portion of the temporary disability pensions was transformed to permanent disability pensions within 2 years. For clients with a temporary disability pension, the rate of resuming work was close to nil. Among rehabilitation measures, investigation showed the lowest figures of work resumption while job training showed the best outcome in this respect. The study concluded that a large portion of the financial and personnel resources allocated by the national insurance offices to rehabilitation resulted in disability pensions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Outcome for court-referred drug-abusing male adolescents of an alternative activity treatment program in a vocational high school setting.

This is a report of outcome of an alternative activity treatment program, consisting of off-campus supportive life skill activities, in a private vocational high school for court-adjudicated delinquent boys. A total of 130 adolescent male drug abusing student-clients were evaluated at follow-up, 22 months after admission to the day school treatment program. The determination of graduation vs. dropping out was made 3 years after admission to the study. The sample was 75% white, 21% black, and 4% Hispanic. Eighty-two percent were from 16 to 18 years of age, but only 24% had completed the 10th grade. The mean number of different types of drugs "ever used" was 5.87, and the mean number of drug sale offenses was 4.4. Sixty-one percent had been incarcerated (overnight or longer). A comprehensive assessment was administered at admission and at follow-up. The findings developed by paired t-test, comparing the student-clients' self-reports at follow-up evaluation with their self-reports at pretreatment, indicated significant improvement in numerous problem areas of behavior, adjustment, and attitude measured, except that no significant reduction in illicit drug use occurred. The improvement, however, was more related to the vocational training and job placement program and the general milieu of the school than to the off-campus supportive life skills program. The latter was shown to have a highly significant positive association with outcome as measured by success in graduating from high school and a significant positive association to improvement in "personal adjustment" (reduction in personal problems and increase in interpersonal maturity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Vocational rehabilitation: what works and in what circumstances.

This paper examines a variety of forms of evidence used to find the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation interventions. We begin by looking at general unemployment literature and then study the detailed findings of a research project that examined the employment experiences of disabled people, carried out by one of the authors. We then report on a recent evaluation of an innovative vocational rehabilitation scheme. Here, following the approach recommended by Pawson and Tilley (1997), we consider the views of one of the project 'stakeholders' concerning the 'theories' underlying the design of the project. In conclusion we encapsulate some of the knowledge, or evidence, emerging from these diverse sources in configurations of contexts, mechanisms and outcomes, as advocated by Pawson and Tilley.

Child↗
PubMed1992

An assessment of vocational training.

A retrospective analysis of the opinions of vocationally trained doctors was obtained from a postal questionnaire. Ninety-eight doctors who had trained in the West of Scotland before the introduction of new criteria in 1985 for the appointment and reappointment of training practices were compared with 107 doctors who had trained following the introduction of the criteria, looking at their rating of training, the frequency of tutorials, value of teaching and research encouragement. There was a significant improvement in the rating of training, frequency of tutorials, research encouragement and enjoyment of training in the group who trained after the new criteria were adopted. The study demonstrates the benefits of vocational training for general practice when criteria are set and followed. This training model may be applicable in other branches of medicine.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1999

Speed performance and long-term functional and vocational outcome in a group of young patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.

We studied specific aspects of speed performance in neuropsychological tests and functional and vocational long-term outcome among moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted to a rehabilitation programme. A group of 140 patients with mild, moderate or severe TBI was followed up for a minimum of 5 years in a rehabilitation programme. Severity of TBI was estimated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores on emergency hospital admission. The patients, grouped by age at injury into the categories: 7 or younger, 8-16 and 17 years of age or older, were tested five or more years post-injury with comprehensive neuropsychological tests, including a speed performance test with the Stroop material, the Purdue Pegboard (PB) test and simple visual and auditive reaction times. The outcome variables were functional outcome, as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score, and capacity for employment at the end of follow-up, i.e. on average 12 years post-injury. The patients with mild TBI were excluded from further analysis of outcome. The study was carried out at the Kauniala outpatient neurological clinic. In the Stroop test, patients with a GOS score of 3 and patients who were incapable of employment were slower (P = 0.0046 and P = 0.0015, respectively) than those with a GOS score of 1 or 2 and those capable of independent or subsidized employment, respectively. The PB test also differentiated significantly between the patients with a GOS score of 3 and those with a GOS score of 1 or 2 at the end of follow-up (P = 0.0413), and predicted incapacity for employment (P = 0.032), those with worse outcome being slower. Simple reaction times did not differ significantly between the GOS scores at the end of follow-up, and neither did they predict capacity or incapacity for employment. Our data suggest that the Stroop and PB tests can help estimate functional outcome, as measured by the GOS, among patients with initially moderate or severe TBI and who were referred to a rehabilitation programme. The same tests could also be useful in predicting long-term vocational outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Development of occupational skin diseases during vocational training in baker and confectioner apprentices: a follow-up study.

Baker and confectioner apprentices have been included in a prospective follow-up study in the region of East Thuringia, to evaluate risk factors for the development of hand dermatitis. Starting in August 1996, the apprentices have been interviewed and examined in a standardized way right at the beginning (n=91) of their vocational training, 6 (n=79) and 12 months (n=63) later. To gain objective data, TEWL score was also assessed at 3 standardized sites on the hands. In their case histories, 3.3% (n=3) of the apprentices reported hand dermatitis. The 1st assessment after 2 to 4 weeks vocational training revealed hand eczema in 17.5% (n=16) of the individuals. At the follow-up after 6 months of training 29.1% (n=23), and after 12 month of training 27.0% (n=17), of the apprentices had hand dermatitis of mild to moderate severity. Within 6 months, the TEWL score rose significantly (p<0.001) from 11.9 g m(-2) h(-1) (-/+5.4) to 16.8 g m(-2) h(-1) (-/+9.5). After 12 months, the TEWL score was 14.9 g m(-2) h(-1) (-/+4.6). For the atopic skin diathesis (>10 points of Diepgen's atopy score), there was a significant tendency to be a predictive factor for the development of occupational hand dermatitis. TEWL score failed to correlate with the development of skin damage in our study. The same was true for respiratory atopy and metal sensitization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Multiple applications for vocational training rotations: can we improve the system?

Questionnaires were sent to 392 doctors who had applied for 10 vocational training rotations in South West Thames Region nine months previously. These 392 doctors had made 607 such applications in south west Thames during this time. Replies were received from 260 (66%) of those circulated. These doctors together had made roughly 4000 job applications nationwide, or 15 each: two thirds had found a post that was satisfactory for vocational training within the nine months, three quarters of them on organised rotations. There was no difference between men and women regarding success in finding a job. Both married and single women were more specific than men about the area in which they wanted to train and had made fewer job applications. Of those who answered the questionnaires, roughly three quarters thought that the present system of applying for training posts was unsatisfactory, and suggestions for improvements are made. It is concluded that although a regional clearing house scheme would help administration in the regions, only a national scheme would substantially help the applicants. To avoid frustration doctors might be more selective and limit their applications without harming their chances of success.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prognoses about vocational achievement behavior of first admitted psychiatric patients under special consideration of the diagnoses of depressive illnesses.

In this study prognoses about the posthospital vocational achievement behavior of 55 first admitted depressive patients were made at the time of discharge. With a structured and standardized questionnaire the patients themselves, the treating physicians, and the nurses were interviewed. As a first step of analysis the prognoses of the three groups were compared with each other and tested in respect of differences. This comparison was made with other psychiatric diagnoses too, whereby endogenic depressive patients and neurotic depressive patients were discriminated. In the second step of analysis the prognoses of the three 'rater groups' were compared with the real vocational reintegration of 1 year after discharge. The result was that the prognoses of the treating physicians and the nurses were more compatible with reality than those of the patients themselves.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Psychological and vocational long-term outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation with postinfarction patients under the age of forty.

70 male postinfarction patients, who were under 40 years of age at the time of transmural myocardial infarction, participated in an inpatient control examination 3.8 years following first hospitalization (mean age: 40 years, SD = 3.5 years). A multivessel disease occurred in 52% of the patients, in 80% a multilocular disease was diagnosed and in 25% coronary angiography indicated a progression in coronary sclerosis. Coronary risk factors had been considerably reduced. 78% were capable of working. Job-related stress factors of at least moderate intensity were present in about 30% of the jobs now held by the patients. Progressive morphological change occurred in patients who are older, have a multilocular disease, are subjected to more frequent and more intensive job-related stress factors, show less concern for their health and tend to leave their old living habits unchanged. In patients with multivessel disease, time pressure elicited more psychophysiological activation; furthermore, doing too many tasks at the same time and a reduced control over vocational success, together with sufficient self-confidence and an exaggerated job devotion are found in these patients. Retired patients differ from those who went back to work in cardiological, psychological and psychophysiological aspects. The importance of psychological and psychophysiological findings for a successful vocational reintegration is emphasized by these results.

Adaptation, Psychological↗