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PubMed2003

Increasing ethnic diversity in cancer control research: description and impact of a model training program.

BACKGROUND: There is little ethnic diversity at the doctoral level among researchers in cancer control. The Minority Training Program in Cancer Control Research is designed to encourage underrepresented master's level health science students to pursue doctoral training and careers in research. METHODS: Program components include an annual 5-day summer institute, internships, and doctoral incentive awards. Intention to pursue doctoral training is measured before and after participation. Doctoral applications and enrollment are tracked through annual surveys. RESULTS: Seventy students participated during the first three years, 1999-2001. Intention to apply increased significantly for each class (year one, p %lt; 0.001; year two, p = 0.042; year three, p = 0.006). Thirty-one percent of participants have either enrolled in doctoral programs (n= 10) or report plans to apply in the next one to two years (n = 9). Over half of these students indicated that the MTPCCR had a positive influence on their plans. CONCLUSIONS: A targeted training program encourages under-represented students to pursue doctoral degrees and thus has the potential to increase ethnic diversity in public health research.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1983

A national survey of performance objectives of physician's assistant training programs.

A nationwide survey of physician's assistant (PA) training programs was carried out to determine the performance expected of students upon graduation. A list of tasks reflecting primary medical care problems was sent to PA program directors asking whether they expected their graduates to be able to perform the task, only to know about the task, or neither to be able to perform nor to have knowledge of the task. The results indicated that all students were expected to perform a history and physical examination. Almost all of the program directors expected students to establish a working diagnosis for the most common problems and to formulate a management plan for many of them. Extensive skills in patient education and counseling were expected. There was considerable congruence among the directors in performance expectations of students. The expected performance of the PA student by graduation emerged as comprehensive and not merely technical.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1976

Use of problem-oriented medical record in psychiatry: a survey of university-based residency training programs.

A survey of university-based psychiatric residency training programs revealed that nearly one-half of them use the problem-oriented medical record (POMR) and that conversion to this system appears to be growing rapidly. Experiences with the method have in general been positive. The author identifies factors associated with successful operation of the POMR and suggests that an integrated, hospital-wide adoption of the system may be crucial.

Hospitals, University↗
PubMed1987

The total assessment of rheumatoid polyarthritis--evaluation of a training program for physiotherapists and occupational therapists.

We evaluated a training program for physiotherapists and occupational therapists in the total assessment of patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis. Close agreement was seen between the active joint counts of the rheumatologists and 36 therapists (p2 = 0.23). In the 7 quality variables for bedside case workups, a statistically significant learning effect was seen over the 6 week period (p2 = less than 0.005). In the 10 quality variables for the case presentations at Week 6, judged at the graduate medical trainee level, mean global scores achieved were 72.5%. Therapists reported a high level of satisfaction with all components of the program.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building a solid GLP foundation: implementing shared training programs between the QAU and study personnel.

Quality assurance representatives and study personnel are equally responsible for conducting preclinical studies in compliance with good laboratory practices (GLPs). To provide all employees with a solid understanding of GLP requirements we have implemented a system of shared training programs for the quality assurance unit (QAU) and study personnel. Biologists and chemists complete a three-phase training module that encompasses GLP history, roles and responsibilities of the QAU, and QAU procedures specific to Wildlife International, Ltd. Study directors work with experienced QA trainers and are provided mock auditing assignments, including data, reports, and in-process and facility inspections. QA personnel are in turn trained by qualified study personnel in principal scientific concepts, testing guidelines, and study procedures that will be observed when performing in-process inspections and data audits. Also, as permanent positions become available, selected individuals from the QAU may assume responsibilities in various departments as study directors or laboratory supervisors, and study directors may assume responsibilities as quality assurance representatives. At Wildlife International, Ltd., these shared training programs provide a mutual understanding and knowledge of GLP requirements and their application while promoting respect and harmony between the QAU and study personnel.

Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMed2001

Urinalysis drug testing within a civilian pilot training program: did attitudes change during the 1990's?

BACKGROUND: Attitudes toward fairness and effectiveness of mandatory drug testing vary within pilot populations (4,8) as well as other populations (3). This descriptive-correlational study examined civilian student pilots' attitudes toward urinalysis (UA) drug testing over a 10-yr period and the pilots' opinions regarding effectiveness, adequacy, and fairness of the testing as a deterrent for substance abuse among pilots. METHODS: A sample of three different groups of civilian aviation students (n = 314), consisted of 103 pilots studied prior to implementing a mandatory drug testing program, 113 pilots studied 1 yr after implementing a mandatory drug testing program, and 98 pilots studied 6 yr into a mandatory drug testing program. A 14-item questionnaire (alpha = 0.74), indicating degrees of agreement, was completed by the student pilots who were enrolled in a large civilian pilot training program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the study pilots' feelings related to anxiety of drug testing when comparing non-mandatory and mandatory groups over time. The pilots continue to believe that alcohol use by pilots within this civilian piloting training program has decreased since testing was mandated and that drug use also showed a significant decrease (p = 0.01), although not as significant (p = 0.0001) as the decrease in alcohol use. CONCLUSION: The study showed that alcohol and drug testing is more generally accepted by the pilots in the study as the decade of the 1990s came to a close.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparative studies on fast muscle myosin light chains after different training programs.

Fast muscle myosin of guinea pigs exposed to different training programs was examined by means of SDS gel electrophoresis. The percentile distribution of the light chains was calculated. Training at 0.7 m/s and 5 degrees slope 20 min per day for 30 days caused a significant decrease in the DTNB light chains and a significant increase in the A2 light chains compared to the control group. In contrast, training at 0.4 m/s and 45 degrees slope caused a significant increase in the DTNB light chains and a significant decrease in the A2 light chains. These changes can be interpreted as a combination of muscle transformation and a shift of myosin isoenzymes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A preventive dentistry training program for caretakers of persons with disabilities residing in community residential facilities.

People with disabilities develop more dental disease than the average population and have a harder time accessing and using resources for dental treatment. It is therefore critical to prevent dental problems in this population. This article discusses the development and use of a preventive dentistry training program consisting of a videotape, workbook, instructions for trainers, and pre- and post-tests. The training program was designed to facilitate integration of dental and behavioral information into daily routines. Participants were able to demonstrate that they could learn the information in the training materials using the methodology that was employed. Further work remains to be done to revise and disseminate the materials and to demonstrate that the knowledge that the participants gained can be effectively applied in community care settings.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and management of a hospital security training program.

The author describes how to develop and implement a cost-effective security training program by defining the hospital's specific training requirements and maximizing the use of available training resources. He also reviews various professional and regulatory requirements, and the standard of care applicable to the training of hospital security personnel.

Certification↗
PubMed1998

Forensic autopsy in a pathology training program.

OBJECTIVE: To review a satellite facility's autopsy experience with coroner's cases, to determine the volume and type of cases performed; and to evaluate the teaching value of forensic autopsies in a pathology residency training program. DESIGN: A retrospective review of 65 Los Angeles County Coroner cases performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, from 1992 to 1996 was undertaken. Data were retrieved from cause of death statements, medical report forms, and autopsy reports. RESULTS: In the 65 coroner's cases performed from 1992 to 1996, ages ranged from 6 months to 97 years. During this time period, the cases comprised 6.1% (65/1059) of all autopsies at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and 11.3% (65/575) of autopsies excluding fetal and neonatal examinations. Manners of death in the cases were accidental (53.8%), natural (40.0%), suicide (4.6%), and undetermined (1.5%). The most common cause of death in natural deaths was related to heart disease (12/26 [46.2%]). Motor vehicle collisions were the most common cause of death (15/35 [42.9%]) in the accidental group. The remainder of the causes of death in both the natural and accidental groups encompassed a wide variety of pathologic processes and injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Forensic autopsies in a pathology residency training program have the potential to supplement a diminishing number of hospital autopsies. A wide variety of diseases are encountered through coroner's cases. Forensic autopsies contribute to residency training by providing experience in trauma cases and a variety of medical disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Safety of endoscopic sinus surgery in a residency training program.

Over the past decade, endoscopic sinus surgery has become one of the most frequently performed operations in otolaryngology. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised about the safety of this procedure in a residency training program. To address this issue, we carried out a retrospective review to assess the complications of endoscopic sinus surgery performed by otolaryngology residents under close supervision. We reviewed the medical records of 597 patients who had undergone 719 operations performed by residents in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Southern California-Los Angeles County Medical Center and at the University Hospital between June 1988 and December 1995. Most of these procedures were performed by junior residents under the supervision of either a senior resident or faculty member. We found that the incidence of minor and major complications was 12.2 and 0.4%, respectively. The most common minor complications were vascular. The only major complication was excessive bleeding that required transfusion. There were no cases of blindness, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, or death. We conclude that endoscopic sinus surgery in an otolaryngology residency training program is a relatively safe procedure, especially when performed under faculty supervision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A survey of Canadian rheumatology training programs, 1968 to 1978.

The committee on manpower of the Canadian Rheumatism Association retrospectively surveyed Canadian rheumatology training programs for the period 1968 to 1978. There were 133 trainees during that period, who accounted for a total of 201 trainee-years. Most trainee-years were taken up by first-year trainees, especially in the first half of the decade under study. Although three training centres accounted for two thirds of all the trainee-years, there was a progressive increase in the proportion of trainees attending other centres. The majority of trainees were Canadian medical graduates. More than one third of the alumni of these programs held full-time academic positions, and more than three quarters had some academic affiliation. One third were spending at least half of their professional time in teaching and research, but only 71 were spending half or more of their practice time in rheumatology in Canada. The remainder had established residence abroad or were spending at least half of their practice time in areas other than rheumatology. The rapid expansion of Canadian training programs has not been paralleled by a proportionate increase in rheumatologic manpower in Canada.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

Writing and evaluating computer-based training programs.

Publishers are preparing for the hitech future and authors and editors need to also. Publishers know that book sales may be down in the future, while computer program sales are expected to increase. Most book publishers have added media divisions to position themselves for the future. Authors and editors can also shift from writing or editing books to developing computer-based training programs. This author tells you how to write, edit, or evaluate the new computer-based training programs.

Authorship↗
PubMed1995

The evolution of pharmacy residency training programs and corresponding standards of accreditation.

Practice-based pharmacy training has a long history, particularly in institutional pharmacy practice. Formal pharmacy residency training programs and accreditation standards were first developed in the early 1960s. Practitioners now practice in a much different environment. Residency programs and accreditation standards have changed dramatically to meet the needs of practitioners, patients, and employers. The authors trace the evolution of programs from general internships through clinical practice and specialty residencies and fellowships and the development of standards and competency-based training.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2002

Fitness levels of firefighter recruits before and after a supervised exercise training program.

Federal law prohibits pre-employment physical examination of firefighter recruits, but these workers must perform intense exercise in arduous environments. Components of physical fitness of rookie firefighters (n = 115; 104 men, mean +/- SD: age = 28.3 +/- 4.3 years; height = 1.76 +/- 0.07 m; weight = 83.2 +/- 13.9 kg; percent body fat = 17 +/- 8%) were measured upon being hired and following a 16-week exercise training program (1 h.d(-1), 3 d.wk(-1)) designed to improve physical fitness. Maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) was estimated from submaximal cycle ergometry, body composition from skinfold tests, flexibility from a sit and reach test, strength by hand grip dynamometry, and muscle endurance by a push-up test. The results are as follows (*, p <or= 0.007 vs. pretraining): VO2max increased by 28% (35 +/- 7 to 45 +/- 6* ml.kg(-1).min(-1), 88 +/- 20 to 113 +/- 17%* of predicted increase); muscle endurance increased (41 +/- 13 to 51 +/- 14* push-ups); flexibility increased (0.34 +/- 0.07 to 0.35 +/- 0.07* m); muscle strength tended to increase (102.9 +/- 18.7 to 105.4 +/- 18.7 kg, p = 0.06); body weight tended to decrease (83.2 +/- 13.9 to 82.7 +/- 13.2 kg, p = 0.06); lean tissue weight increased (68.8 +/- 9.9 to 69.9 +/- 9.5* kg); and fat weight decreased (14.6 +/- 8.0 to 13.0 +/- 7.1* kg). We concluded that aerobic capacity was 20% lower before training than that deemed sufficient for safe performance of fire suppression duties; that training improved aerobic capacity by 28%, decreased fat and increased lean tissue weight, and increased/tended to increase other components of physical fitness. Prior to initiation of this training program, aerobic capacity of these firefighters was below that deemed appropriate for performing fire suppression duties. Training resulted in a large increase in aerobic capacity, so that the trainees ended the program with an aerobic capacity considered appropriate for fighting fires. It is hoped that the results of this study will encourage those who oversee workers who are responsible for the public's safety to mandate assessment of physical fitness of new hires, with mandatory participation in exercise training for those new hires who are found to possess less than appropriate aerobic capacity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Inservice pharmacy technician training program.

The development and implementation of a two-month inservice training program for hospital pharmacy supportive personnel is discussed. A task-oriented approach was used to define the instructional objectives of the program. To emphasize the job-related nature of the instruction, conferences and workshops were selected as the primary teaching methods. A specific instructional plan was designed for drug conferences, giving the trainee an active role in the learning of drug names and dosage forms. On-the-job experience, comprising 30% of the training time, gradually was incorporated into the program. Staff pharmacists and supervisors assumed the teaching responsibilities. During weekly evaluation sessions with each trainee, the coodinator discussed the trainee's performance, pin-pointed deficiencies and suggested means of improvement. The benefits of the program, in terms of selection and sequence of instructional programs, student assessment and program evaluation, are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

Effects of three combinations of plyometric and weight training programs on selected physical fitness test items.

To determine the effects of prescribed training programs on 5 physical fitness test items, each of 50 high school boys participated for 10 wk. in one of three programs (wrestling, softball, and plyometrics; weight training; and weight training and plyometrics). (a) On the sit-ups, 40-yd. dash, vertical jump, and pull-ups, each group improved significantly from pre- to posttest. (b) On the shuttle run, none of the groups improved significantly from pre- to posttest. (c) On the vertical jump, groups had a significant effect, but the interaction was nonsignificant. No effects were significant.

Baseball↗
PubMed1996

Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in patients > or = 75 years of age.

Even elderly patients > or = 75 years of age with coronary artery disease have modest improvements in lipid levels and marked improvements in exercise capacity, behavioral characteristics, and quality-of-life parameters after cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs. These data support that even very elderly patients with coronary artery disease should be routinely referred to and vigorously encouraged to pursue formal outpatient cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs following major coronary events.

Aged↗