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PubMed1984

[Japanese anatomical terminology (nomina anatomica japonica) from the educational view point (1)--sune and nezumi].

A few considerations on two Japanese anatomical terms, sune (the anterior part of the leg or the shin in medical terminology) and nezumi (the rat) from the anatomical point of view are made. Japanese words generally have two readings. For example, sune which means the anterior part of the leg, may be read as sune and kei. But kei has two other meanings, the neck and the road. Sune is used more for the anterior part of the leg than kei, especially in classes for beginners of the anatomical course. Nezumi means rat, but is also read as so. Because kei means road, and kan means canal, sokeikan means the rat's tubular passageway, namely, the descent of testis (Descensus testis). In Japanese anatomical terminology the passage of the testis through the inguinal canal is considered similar to a rat going through a passageway. The work sokeikan is better than the English anatomical term inguinal canal which means only the canal in the root of the groin. In Japanese, two words, fukurahagi and komura are used for the posterior part of the leg.

Anatomy↗

PubMed1999

[What is the utility of medical terminology?].

Studying medical language, medical terminology may appear as a rather marginal science for medical doctors and its use might appear at first side as relatively irrelevant. This article aims at giving some examples of the usefulness of medical terminology for medical practitioners.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems of medical equipment terminology].

It is recommended to standardize the biomedical engineering terminology by making use of greek latin terminological elements. The designations of biomedical engineering products should include terms featuring the fundamental functions of their technical arrangements, viz. the type of action, the method of examination, the surgical manipulation, the kind of treatment, by retaining the already established clinical terms. The second part in the designation of the technical arrangement should carry the name of the organ, cavity, region and system of the organism, of the tissue, etc, for whose handling the instrument or apparatus is intended.

Medical Laboratory Science↗

PubMed1998

Design and application of a terminology management system.

A Swedish data model for handling terminology, Spriterm, is presented in this paper. A prototype terminology management system, using the Spriterm data model in also described. This prototype is implemented is Microsoft ACCESS. Furthermore, two other applications using this prototype as a base are introduced. One World Wide Web based application, and a data dictionary.

Databases as Topic↗

PubMed1998

A collaborative approach to building a terminology for medical procedures using a Web-based application: from specifications to daily use.

The MAOUSSC (Model for Assistance in the Orientation of a User within Coding Systems) Web server supports a collaborative work on the description of medical procedures. The specifications for the MAOUSSC application are conceptual modeling, definition of semantically fully described procedures, re-use of an existing vocabulary, the UMLS, and sharability. This paper reports on some difficulties in applying those principles in a networked building and updating of the terminology. The users are physicians who have to represent procedure terms in the MAOUSSC formalism. They must apply the constraints of the underlying model, and re-use the representation of the UMLS knowledge base. In our experience, we found that the implementation of syntactic and semantic constraints was not sufficient. Guidelines for pragmatical aspects in representation are required to make a collaborative approach in terminology building more operational.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

Nursing terminology: a comparison of the ICNP and the nursing intervention lexicon and taxonomy.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of nursing terminology work done to date and to compare the labels and subsumed terms of the recent alpha version of the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP) with the verb terms (n = 147) of the interventions in a dataset of interventions (n = 7292) categorized using the Nursing Intervention Lexicon and Taxonomy (NILT). Two estimates were used to evaluate the adequacy of the ICNP terms for representing intervention terminology. Term matches were done using the NILT categories most similar to the ICNP action types. The ICNP action type 'observing' (and its subsumed terms) was best, accounting for 20% of the NILT verbs. The ICNP label 'observing' (and its subsumed terms) ranked first in accounting for 69% of the interventions in the NILT categories (CND & CV). The remaining action types had many fewer matches for the verbs and interventions in the NILT dataset. Thus it is possible to conclude that a relatively small subset of the verb terms, and interventions in a dataset of natural language interventions categorized using NILT have been captured by the INCP alpha version of Axis A.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

Galen-In-Use: using artificial intelligence terminology tools to improve the linguistic coherence of a national coding system for surgical procedures.

GALEN has developed a language independent common reference model based on a medically oriented ontology and practical tools and techniques for managing healthcare terminology including natural language processing. GALEN-IN-USE is the current phase which applied the modelling and the tools to the development or the updating of coding systems for surgical procedures in different national coding centers co-operating within the European Federation of Coding Centre (EFCC) to create a language independent knowledge repository for multicultural Europe. We used an integrated set of artificial intelligence terminology tools named CLAssification Manager workbench to process French professional medical language rubrics into intermediate dissections and to the Grail reference ontology model representation. From this language independent concept model representation we generate controlled French natural language. The French national coding centre is then able to retrieve the initial professional rubrics with different categories of concepts, to compare the professional language proposed by expert clinicians to the French generated controlled vocabulary and to finalize the linguistic labels of the coding system in relation with the meanings of the conceptual system structure.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1998

Use of project ontologies and terminology servers to support software engineering.

Complex medical software imposes new requirements on the methods and tools used for maintenance. Appropriate maintenance tools can increase software reliability and quality by providing means to trace dependencies among software artifacts for reducing unexpected impacts in software caused by software changes. We have used the GRAIL concept-representation language for medical terminologies to build a project ontology that models relationships among software artifacts. Our approach involves modeling of the terminology used in software projects, which enables us to describe, classify and relate individual software artifacts. A networked repository accessible to the entire software development staff stores the conceptual model, source code and associated documents. We present an architecture for a maintenance tool, and show how developers can use GRAIL to build a project ontology.

Databases as Topic↗

PubMed1999

Terminology for the definition of arterial elastic properties.

A profusion of terminology for the description of arterial elastic properties can be found in the literature. This can cause confusion and make comparisons between studies and between different research groups problematical. The multitude of definitions--including "lay" terms--for indices like "compliance" and "distensibility" is highlighted, and it is proposed that a rapidly expanding field such as that studying arterial biophysical properties in vivo will not receive the respect it deserves if fundamental terms can have a multitude of different definitions, absolute values and units. It is also demonstrated that the beta stiffness index, quite widely quoted as a blood pressure corrected index, does nevertheless exhibit considerable blood pressure dependence--especially in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease. It is questioned whether all of the 24 indices identified for this review really are needed. Furthermore it is suggested that while a number of the parameters may provide complimentary information--depending on which aspects of the vasculature are to be described--there is a very real need for some form of consensus or agreement about terminology for the definition of arterial biophysical properties.

Arteries↗

PubMed1999

Evaluation of a proposed method for representing drug terminology.

In the absence of a single, standard, multipurpose terminology for representing medications, the HL7 Vocabulary Technical Committee has sought to develop a model for such terms in a way that will provide a unified method for representing them and supporting interoperability among various terminology systems. We evaluated the preliminary model by obtaining terms, represented in our model, from three leading vendors of pharmacy system knowledge bases. A total of 2303 terms were obtained, and 3982 pair-wise comparisons were possible. We found that the components of the term descriptions matched 68-87% of the time and that the overall descriptions matched 53% of the time. The evaluation has identified a number of areas in the model where more rigorous definitions will be needed in order to improve the matching rate. This paper discusses the implications of these results.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1999

SysTerN. A nursing terminology system based on ICNP.

This paper is presenting a terminology system for nursing--SysTerN--that is based on the ICNP1 classification. SysTerN has been developed using the framework of the TeleNurse ID-ENTITY Telematics for Health EU project as a support for the dissemination actions carried on by CCSSDM (Center for Health Computing Statistics and Medical Documentation of the Romanian Ministry of Health) for Romania and other Central Eastern European countries. Currently, the terminology system uses the alpha version of ICNP, but this version is going to be replaced by the beta version. SysTerN is designed primarily for Romanian users but an English version is also available for other partners from CEE countries.

Databases as Topic↗

PubMed2000

[Sepsis. Evaluation of views, necessity of terminology unification and diagnostic criteria].

Critical analysis of modern overview devoted to general infectious-inflammatory process and materials of original research (690 patients) provides a basis for discussion of diagnostic criteria of and new terminology. Wide introduction of researches on classification, criteria of diagnosis and terminology offered by North American conference (R. Bone et al., 1992) into practice is recommended. The given definitions better reflect the essence of homeostatic disorders in septic patients, allow to carry out early change of the program of treatment, to standardize approaches to diagnosis, monitoring and therapy and enable search in epidemiology of sepsis, choice of the best ways of scientific investigation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2000

A formal approach to integrating synonyms with a reference terminology.

Medical terminologies continue to grow in scope, completeness and detail. The emerging generation of terminology systems define concepts in terms of their position within a categorical structure. It is still necessary, however, to access and represent the concepts using everyday spoken and written language, which introduces both lexical and semantic ambiguity. This ambiguity can have a negative impact on both selectivity and recall when it comes to associating free-form textual phrases with their coded equivalent. Lexical ambiguity issues can often be addressed algorithmically, but semantic ambiguity presents a more difficult problem. A common solution to the semantic problem is to associate many different representational permutations with a given target concept. This approach has several drawbacks. An alternate solution is to build separate synonym tables that can serve as permuted indices into the terms representing the underlying concepts. A potential shortcoming of this approach, however, is a further reduction in the lookup selectivity. One possible source of loss of selectivity could be "meaning drift"--the gradual change in meaning that can be introduced when following a chain of nearly synonymous words. We posited that organizing synonyms into separate "meaning clusters" might reduce this loss in precision, but the results of this study did not bear that out.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2000

Clinical vocabularies and terminologies: impact on the future of health information management.

As standardized clinical vocabularies and terminologies are being developed, Health Information Management (HIM) practitioners must increase their knowledge of nomenclature and coding systems beyond the traditional ICD-9-CM and CPT. The limited scope of these classifications prevents them from serving as the standard vocabulary for the computer-based patient record. The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) Coding Futures Task Force provided insights into the knowledge and skills that HIM professionals will need as clinical vocabularies and terminologies become more integrated into health care systems. Certain characteristics are important in a clinical vocabulary and several clinical vocabularies are in use today.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2000

Identifying proper names in parallel medical terminologies.

We propose several criteria to identify proper names in biomedical terminologies. Traditional, pattern-based methods that rely on the immediate context of a proper name are not applicable. However, the availability of translations of some terminologies supports methods based on invariant words instead. A combination of five criteria achieved 86% precision and 88% recall on the 16,401 word forms of the International Classification of Diseases.

Disease↗

PubMed2000

[Basic terminology for describing hemodialysis fistula].

Many specialists: nephrologists, surgeons, radiologists and nurses pay much attention to dialyzed patient using different terminology. The presented work establishes the principal rules of describing hemodialysis fistula to find convergence in terminology.

Arm↗

PubMed2001

The nursing terminology summit: collaboration for progress.

The Nursing Terminology Summit has used collaborative processes to bring about significant changes in the development of terminology standards for nursing. This paper draws on agendas, reports, notes, and other documents from the Summit, in addition to the authors' own experience as Organizer, Steering Committee, and participants, to provide a brief history of the Summit process. The analysis identifies factors that increased the risk of failure as well as factors that fostered success. The paper concludes with lessons learned that can be applied in other arenas to promote change in medical informatics.

Nursing↗

PubMed2002

Evaluation of the UMLS as a terminology and knowledge resource for biomedical informatics.

OBJECTIVES: Terminology and knowledge resources are essential components of interoperability among disparate systems. This paper evaluates whether names and relationships needed in biomedical informatics are present in the UMLS. METHODS: Terms for five broad categories of concepts were extracted from LocusLink and mapped to the UMLS Metathesausus. Relationships between gene products and the other four categories (phenotype, molecular function, biological process, and cellular component) were searched for in the Metathesaurus. All gene products in the Gene Ontology database were also mapped to the UMLS in order to evaluate its global coverage of the domain. RESULTS: The coverage of concepts ranged from 2% (gene product symbols) to 44% (molecular functions). The coverage of relationships ranged from 60% for Gene product-Biological process to 83% for Gene product-Molecular function. DISCUSSION: Terminology and ontology issues are discussed, as well as the need for integrating additional resources to the UMLS.

Databases, Genetic↗