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Traumatically injured primary incisors: a clinical and histological study.

World-wide epidemiological studies state that from 8 percent to 30 percent of children up to 7 years of age sustain injury to primary incisors, including crown fracture, root fracture, tooth avulsion, and dental displacement, which result in malformation of permanent incisors depending upon their state of development. In this study, traumatized primary incisors were evaluated clinically and radiographically, with the following data recorded: exact or approximate time-interval of traumatic episode(s) and extraction, mobility, color change, sensitivity to percussion/palpation, swelling, sinus tract, caries, crown/root fracture, periodontal/periapical lesions, external/internal root resorption, mineralization, and obturation. Based upon the local damage and developmental age, 138 teeth were extracted, fixed in 10 percent formalin, and processed for histological evaluation according to routine methodology. Histologic findings were: the presence of varying extent of necrosis, bacteria in the area of necrosis--not in all cases--neutrophilic leukocytes, chronic inflammatory cells, pulpal calcifications, resorption/apposition, and circulatory changes. The blood pigment distinguished hemorrhage due to extraction from pathologic circulatory changes. All the described reactions varied in intensity and extent with the time interval and the assumed force of the original trauma. Physical trauma to primary teeth caused pulpal damage, which could involve periapical tissue, depending on the extent of the initial damage.

Child↗
PubMed1985

The effect of a jet abrasive instrument (Prophy Jet) on root surfaces.

A Prophy Jet instrument was tested in order to analyze the abrasive effect and surface alterations on human root cementum and dentine. Photomicrographs from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer technique for depth analyses were used for evaluation. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the Prophy Jet technique had an abrasive effect reaching about 25 microns in depth after 30 seconds treatment. The root surface, cementum as well as dentine also became rougher after treatment judging from the SEM micrographs. Clinical advantages and disadvantages by using the Prophy Jet instrument will be discussed. Further studies seems to be justified concerning the jet abrasive technique.

Dental Cementum↗