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PubMed1999

Diagnosis of hydatid disease of abdomen and thorax by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology.

Five cases of hydatid disease of abdomen and thorax were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) under ultrasound guidance. The age of patients ranged from 25-50 years, with a median age of 37 years. Male to female ratio was 2:3. None of the cases were clinically diagnosed as hydatid disease, but ultrasonography raised suspicion in two cases. The location of cyst in four cases was liver and one aspiration was done from lung. Smears from all cases showed features consistent with hydatid disease. None of the patients showed any untoward allergic reaction following FNAC.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of pharmaceuticals on radiographic appearance of selected examinations of the abdomen and thorax.

Pharmacologic agents may have a significant effect on the outcome of radiographic interpretation in small animal imaging. Alterations in the abdomen and thorax may represent artifactual or transient changes or changes reflecting cytotoxicity. Examples of agents that may influence the appearance of radiographs include anticonvulsants, sedatives, anesthetics, analgesics, antiinflammatories, gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs, antineoplastics, and hormones such as megestrol acetate. Radiographic studies may be part of a disease-monitoring process. It is important to understand how pharmaceuticals (e.g., chemotherapeutics or therapy for an underlying medical condition) affect the radiographic appearance. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of radiographic studies because the findings may relate to the drug therapy rather than the underlying condition.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Electrocardiographic changes following primary blast injury to the thorax.

Profound physiological changes occur following primary blast exposure but the contribution of cardiac arrhythmias is unknown. Thirteen rats, under intravenous anaesthesia, were exposed to a blast wave directed at the thorax (Group II); 10 other animals underwent abdominal blast (Group III) and nine animals acted as controls (Group I). Animals were monitored before, during and after blast exposure. Group II animals demonstrated apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension. No significant physiological changes were seen in Groups I or III. Group II displayed a variety of ECG disturbances, from ventricular extrasystoles to ventricular fibrillation. All abnormalities reverted to sinus rhythm within minutes except in fatally injured animals. These ECG changes probably result from stress wave injury. Significant disturbances might account for some fatalities following primary blast exposure and may exacerbate the triad of apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension. Such observations may have important consequences for the management of blast casualties.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of real world side impact/rollover collisions with and without thorax airbag/head protection system: a first field experience study.

After the introduction of the Thorax Airbag (TA) and the Head Protection System (HPS) by BMW there has been a significant reduction of injuries in real-world collisions. Comparison of similar collisions (in-depth collision analyses) of vehicles with and without HPS/TA indicates that the effectiveness of the system was credible. Minor injuries (AIS 1) increase while serious injuries (AIS 3+) are reduced. Based on the limited cases available, a proper statistical sampling could not be achieved at this time, however the results are to be understood as indicative of a trend.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1975

Hemopneumothorax following blunt trauma of the thorax.

Hemopneumothorax is a frequent sequel of blunt trauma of the thorax and is easily treated if it occurs without associated injury. As an isolated injury, it is accompanied by a low mortality rate, 2 per cent in this series of 330 patients. The principal treatment for hemopneumothorax was tube thoracostomy with large bore chest tubes. Initial thoracotomy was required for 3.3 per cent of the patients, and late thoracotomy for complications was necessary only in 1.2 per cent of the patients. The over-all mortality rate of 20.3 per cent reflected the many associated injuries. Extrathoracic trauma played a significant role in 44 of the 67 deaths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Unusual sites (thorax and umbilical hernial sac) of endometriosis.

Extra-pelvic endometriosis in the thorax or umbilical hernia is rare. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with isolated chest pain and a case of endometriosis in an umbilical hernial sac mimicking incarceration. The clinical course and management of the patients and a literature review of these two unusual sites of endometriosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of the use of the counter-pulsation balloon in experimental post coronary oclussion cardiogenic shock in closed thorax].

An experimental study of the production of cardiogenic shock together with the results of its treatment by means of the intraaortic balloon was carried out. Cardiogenic shock was produced in dogs with closed thorax and spontaneous respiration. In 13 of the 21 dogs studied, the production of acute myocardial infarction by means of selective embolism of the left circumflex artery permitted the reproduction of a model of cardiogenic shock. Embolism was produced by injecting metalic mercury through a double catheter. Six of the 8 remaining dogs died due to accidental introduction of mercury in the anterior descending coronary artery which produced irreversible ventricular fibrillation. The other 2 died due to rupture of the ascending aorta during the maneuveres to place the coronarygraphy catheter. The 13 dogs with cardiogenic shock were treated with intraaortic balloon pumping during 3-4 hours. The left ventricular systolic pressure fell from 128 +/- 12.07 to 124 +/- 4.65 mm. Hg. The cardiac index increased by 42%. These findings confirm the fact that intraaortic balloon pumping lessens the after load. The fall of the telediastolic pressure by 20% was an index of the lessening or the preload. The aortic telediastolic pressure rose by a mean value of 32.21 mm. Hg. This raises the coronary perfusion pressure thus limiting the extension or reducing the size of the infarction. A frank reduction of the electrographic subepicardiac lesion was observed after using intraaortic balloon pumping. The mean aortic pressure only rose by 8%, the central venous pressure remained unchanged and the increase in diuresis was not estimable. The maximum dP/dt was unaltered and the Vmax. rose 17%. Two dogs were left alive after the experiment and lived for 3 and 12 days respectively. To conclude the results obtained permit us to indicate that intraaortic balloon pumping when used in dogs with this standard type of cardiogenic shock produces an important reduction of the after load, a discrete reduction of the preload and a significative increase in coronary blood flow. There were no changes in cardiac frequency and although the results of myocardial contractility were not definite, they seem to indicate a moderate improvement.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Diagnostic value of closed thorax pericardial biopsy. 20 cases].

Twenty patients with sub-acute and chronic pericarditis under went closed thorax pericardial biopsy. In three cases the examination brought to light a diagnosis of tuberculosis and in one of a tumoural origin. In 16 cases in which the aetiology was that of a non-specific pericarditis, the value of this examination, integrated into the context, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Life threatening chronic expanding hematoma of the thorax.

A 73-year-old man presented with severe respiratory distress and systemic edema. Diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) was made through examination of past and present radiographic studies. A giant mass lesion with surrounding calcification occupying the left hemi-thorax on the chest was demonstrated via computed tomography on admission, and a chest X-ray from 8 years previously revealed evidence of tubercular pleurisy. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly after admission, necessitating urgent operative resection of the mass. The mass consisted of fresh and organized blood and demonstrated a calcified fibrous capsule, findings that are consistent with the diagnosis of CEH. Although the patient's condition improved following operative removal of the mass, he was ultimately diagnosed with postoperative empyema secondary to bronchopleural fistula, necessitating additional surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Sarcomas: rare primary malignant tumors of the thorax.

In this article, it is aimed to review the radiological signs of unusual primary malignant tumors of the thorax. Radiological studies of 11 patients with histologic diagnosis of thoracic sarcomas were interpreted retrospectively. Tumors originated from the chest wall (n=3), mediastinum (n=4), and pulmonary parenchyma (n=4). Histopathologic diagnoses were fibrosarcoma (n=1), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (n=1), malignant hemangiopericytoma (n=1), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n=2), pulmonary vein leiomyosarcoma (n=1), pulmonary artery sarcoma (n=2), pleuropulmonary blastoma (n=1), and chondrosarcoma (n=2). In order to evaluate thoracic sarcomas, cross-sectional methods such as CT and MRI can be useful in demonstrating the origin of the mass, relationship with and involvement of adjacent structures. They present as masses and, unfortunately, radiological findings are not sufficient for specific diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study of paragangliomas in the thorax].

Four cases of paraganglioma in the thorax, consisted of 3 cases originating from the mediastinum and a case of pulmonary metastasis from the posterior peritoneum, were clinically investigated. Three were malignant and one was benign with noradrenaline secretion. On surgical excision, preoperative arterial embolization was assumed to be useful for reducing hemorrhage during procedure. Pre and intra-operative circulatory management was also mandatory in case of functioning paraganglioma. Of the 3 malignant cases, 2 survived for more than 10 years with radiotherapy alone or surgical resection of multiple metastatic nodules in the bilateral lungs. The other one, though inoperable due to extensive invasion to right and left atria, showed highly sensitivity to intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of CDDP. These results suggested that long term survival might be expected even in metastatic or inoperable cases. There were no reliable histologic features distinguishing malignant from benign tumors, however 2 malignant cases with local invasion showed aneuploid patterns in the DNA histograms, which might offer a adjunct possibility in the assessment of malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Histoenzymatic changes in the dog kidney in an experimentally induced crushing injury of the thorax.

The experiments were carried out on dogs. Experimental animals were subjected to the trauma of the thorax during operation. The localization and activity of succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2-tetrazole reductase, adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphates in the kidneys were examined. An increase of the activity of all the investigated enzymes takes place under the influence of the stress. On the basis of the investigations it can be supposed that the processes of oxygen phosphorylation and active transport are intensified. An increase of the activity of acid phosphates gives evidence of the intensity of phagocytosis and pinocytosis processes in the kidney.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

[Video-thoracoscopy in the treatment of patients with penetrating wound of the thorax].

Thoracoscopic surgical procedures were used in the treatment of 79 patients with penetrating wound of the thorax complicated by hemothorax. Small hemothorax was diagnosed in 72.1% patients; 56.1% had injuries of thoracic organs, 26.3% -- injuries of diaphragm. Thoracoscopic hemostasis and correction of intrathoracic injuries were performed in 84,6% patients. Conversion to video-assisted minimally-invasive thoracotomy (because of injuries of the diaphragm as a rule) occurred in 15,8% patients, conversion to typical thoracotomy -- in 3.5%. In medium hemothorax (16.4% patients) injuries of thoracic organs and anatomic structures were diagnosed in 76.9% cases. Hemostasis and correction of intrathoracic injuries through thoracoscopic approach were performed in 43.8% patients, conversion to typical thoracotomy was necessary in 7% cases. Big hemothorax was diagnosed in 11.4% patients, 55.6% of them had injuries of thoracic organs and anatomic structures. Complete thoracoscopic procedure was performed in 44.4% cases; 33.3 patients required conversion to thoracotomy. Thoracoscopy is an effective method of surgical treatment of thoracic injuries in patients who don't require urgent thoracotomy. This procedure permits repair of intrathoracic injuries in 73.4% cases. Postoperative complications were seen in 15% cases, postoperative lethality was 1.4%.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Efficacy of spiral computed tomography in diagnosis of thorax injuries due to combined trauma].

Spiral computed tomography of the thorax was used in 112 patients with mechanical trauma. High efficacy of this method in diagnosis of fracture of posterior and lateral costal parts (69.6%), pneumo- and hydrothorax (100%), traumatic infiltration and gas-filled cysts of the lung (100%), pulmonary hematoma (90%) was demonstrated. Localization of bone fragments in pleural cavity (100%) had special significance. It is demonstrated that the method has low efficacy in the diagnosis of injuries of anterior costal part and sternum (49.3 and 20%). Indications for this method were formulated. The results of the study recommend spiral computed tomography as a priority diagnostic method in combined trauma of the chest.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Retinal degeneration and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the thorax].

We discuss a paraneoplastic retinopathy in a 6-year-old boy who had an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the thorax. Opacities of the vitreous body, optical atrophy, contracted arteries and changes in the structure of the retina--especially the retinal pigment epithelium--characterized the ophthalmological findings. The asymmetrical localization of the changes makes the differential diagnosis of hereditary retinal dystrophies easier. It is probably an immunological disease caused by an antigenic antibody reaction.

Child↗