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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed1999

The social consequences for families with Alzheimer's disease patients: potential impact of new drug treatment.

The social consequences of Alzheimer's disease are highlighted in this review with regard to impact on family situation, a changing treatment context caused by demographic changes, reorganization of long-term care, a financial crisis in the public health systems and the introduction of antidementia drugs. In the early phase of dementia there may be significant consequences for the patients and the family members which are largely unrecognized by the healthcare system. As the disease progresses, the impact on caregivers in terms of physical and emotional burden, financial and employment status may be enormous. The current care provision in Sweden, the UK and The Netherlands is described. Innovative care alternatives and strategies may improve the situation. The introduction of antidementia drugs such as the acetylcholine esterase inhibitors may also contribute to improved circumstances for patients and caregivers. There is still a great need for further research in this field.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

The Disruptive Behavior Scale: an objective assessment of unmanageable social behavior in adolescents.

The Disruptive Behavior Scale, a 26-item behavioral checklist, provides an objective measure of socially unacceptable public secondary school behavior and may prove to be of value in determining public school exit and reentry plans for disruptive adolescents. The checklist may be completed in 15-25 minutes and does not require direct administration. Test-retest reliability scores were significant (p less than .05) for all items; item-whole test scores were significant for all but 2 items. Both initial and replication validity studies that involved comparisons between public school students and adolescents expelled from public schools yielded significant differences (p less than .05) in the expected direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Current sociological research in Canada: views of a journal editor.

On the basis of submissions to the Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology and to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Sociological and Anthropological Association, sociology in Canada may be described as social problem oriented, empirical, and atheoretical. There is a strong interest in research on ethnicity and on immigrant adjustment, reflecting a continuity with earlier periods of sociology in Canada, and on deviance and social control. Research on stratification, social mobility, and the family has been relatively neglected. As sociology in Canada shares the interest of "mainline" sociology, it has not escaped criticism or attempts to change its direction. A general model, identifying influences on the formulation of investigative issues in sociology, is used to interpret these criticisms and responses to them.

Canada↗
PubMed1978

A graph analysis of the relationship between population density and social pathology.

This article deals with systematic variables--population density and pathological effects--at the level of a community or organizational system. Existing studies of the relationship between population density and social pathology (e.g., mortality, mental illness) in humans have failed to determine a strictly causal relationship between density and pathology in a linear model. They have not established a direct link between density and pathology in a simple two-variable, linear causal approach. Eliminating other variables by statistical control has obscured the conditions of a complex phenomenon. By incorporating socioeconomic variables into a general system model, this paper suggests that the total configuration of social organization, adaptation, previous group experience, and environment determine the effects of population density. Using a method of graph analysis, a model is presented of the relationship between population density and social pathology which has a high degree of isomorphism with the empirical situation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2004

Light therapy for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

OBJECTIVES: To review literature concerning the efficacy, clinical practicability and safety of light treatment for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). METHOD: Data collection included computer literature searches (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cochrane) and checks of references, covering the period of January 1980-September 2003. Trials were searched for evidence for treatment efficacy and for their consideration of the treatment's clinical practicability and evidence of adverse effects. RESULTS: Results from randomised controlled trials (RCT) indicated some evidence of improvement in aspects of sleep disturbances and circadian activity rhythmicity. One RCT study indicated better response in patients with vascular dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease. By and large, non-RCT studies reported improvement in BPSD including sleep disturbances, agitation and activity rhythm disturbances. Few studies commented on the treatment's practicability and safety. CONCLUSION: Although there is some evidence for influence of light therapy on sleep and circadian activity rhythmicity, it is not possible to draw any conclusion about efficacy of light therapy for BPSD, or about practicability in clinical settings and safety. There are still too few well designed studies. Suggestions for further research are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Behavioural and psychological syndromes in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVES: The origins of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are still poorly understood. By focusing on piecemeal behaviours as opposed to more robust syndrome change valid biological correlates may be overlooked. Our understanding of BPSD via the identification of neuropsychiatric syndromes. METHODS: We recruited 435 subjects from old age psychiatry and elderly care memory outpatient clinics fulfilling the criteria for diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease. Behavioural and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Principal components factor analysis was carried out on the composite scores of the 12 symptom domains to identify behavioural syndromes (factors). Results were confirmed by performing three different rotations: Varimax, Equamax and Quartimax. RESULTS: Four factors were identified (which accounted for 57% of the variance): 'affect' factor-depression/dysphoria, anxiety, irritability/lability and agitation/aggression; 'physical behaviour' factor-apathy, aberrant motor behaviour, sleep disturbance and appetite/eating disturbance; 'psychosis' factor-delusions and hallucinations; 'hypomania' factor-disinhibition and elation/euphoria. These groups were unchanged when different methods of rotation were used. CONCLUSIONS: We report novel observations that agitation/aggression/irritability cluster within a depressive symptom factor and apathy is found within a physical behaviour factor.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Part II: relationships among behavioural sub-syndromes and the influence of clinical variables.

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have mentioned associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms, there have been no prospective studies determining interrelations among behavioural sub-syndromes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of several clinical variables on the course of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and to determine interrelationships between the behavioural sub-syndromes. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-nine patients with dementia were assessed every six months for two-years, using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: Age, sex, and socioeconomic status were not associated with a specific neuropsychiatric symptom. Greater cognitive impairment was related to more severe psychosis, and dementia stage influenced the course of total NPI problems. There were strong interrelations among most behavioural sub-syndromes. The sub-syndrome hyperactivity was of influence on the development of psychosis, but not vice versa. Neither was the sub-syndrome mood/apathy of influence on the course of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: While different neuropsychiatric symptoms have their own specific correlates, there is a strong interrelationship between behavioural sub-syndromes. The data have implications for clinicians and the nosology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.

Affect↗
PubMed2006

Risk and protection in the development of problem behaviors in adolescents.

The development of problem behaviors among adolescents is affected by complex interactions between risk and protective factors. This study was designed to determine whether selected risk and protective factors described among participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health predicted problem behavior cluster membership. Approximately, 13,000 adolescents from the Add Health study were examined. Three clusters of adolescents (exhibiting normal, problem, and deviant behaviors) and changes in cluster membership over 1 year were examined for relationships to specific risk and protective factors. Findings revealed that factors for current behavior problems differ from those for changes in cluster membership. These results suggest that approaches to preventing problems may differ from those required to help adolescents who are already manifesting problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Noncoital sexual interactions and problem behaviour among young adolescents: the Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study.

This paper focuses on whether early onset of noncoital sexual interactions is best considered in the same paradigm as adolescent problem behaviour. Among adolescents (n = 927) followed longitudinally from age 13 to 15, the interrelationships between noncoital sexual interactions and various problem and conventional behaviours were examined. Early onset of noncoital sexual interactions was related to problem behaviour, and the higher ordered the noncoital sexual interaction was, the more strongly it correlated with measures of problem behaviour. This study provides support for the usefulness of the notion of an underlying factor of proneness to problem behaviours, which is relevant when studying developmental change in terms of accumulation of early noncoital sexual experience. It is suggested that in the construction of countermeasures to prevent the negative consequences of early sexual activities among adolescents, it may be useful to target broader correlates of behaviour.

Adolescent↗