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PubMed1990

Perceptual and archival measures of Miles and Snow's strategic types: a comprehensive assessment of reliability and validity.

Despite the widespread research use of Miles and Snow's typology of strategic orientations, there have been no systematic attempts to assess the reliability and validity of its various measures. The present work provides such an assessment using data collected at two points from over 400 organizations in the hospital industry. We examined dimensions of the typology using both perceptual self-typing and archival data from multiple sources. The results generally support predictions across a variety of measures. Implications for further testing and research are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1983

Some tests of the effectiveness and functional attributes of Miles and Snow's strategic types.

The Miles and Snow strategic typology is tested and extended. Based on a sample of businesses in the PIMS data base, the study explores the effectiveness of the strategic types in different environments and the ways in which defenders and prospectors differ in their functional attributes.

Organization and Administration↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Snow white and the seven dwarfs: a multivariate approach to classification of cold tolerance.

Two main cold hardiness strategies of insects - freeze tolerance in some species, and overwintering in a supercooled state without tolerance of freezing in many others - were recently reclassified. However, I present several problems with the current systems. My suggested classification is based on clearer definitions of the causes of cold injury. I recognize three main mortality factors: freezing of body liquids, cold shock, and cumulative chill injury. Presence or absence of each of these factors produce eight combinations. I have named the eight classes after Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to avoid nomenclatural confusion. Some of these classes are probably not used as tactics against cold injury by any insect species. Other classes contain so many species that they might be reclassified in more detail, using values of supercooling point and other quantitative parameters. However, widely comparable parameters, like the upper limit of cold injury zone and the sum of injurious temperatures are still rarely published, thus we still lack comprehensive data for multivariate analyses. Every cold hardiness strategy should be characterized by a meaningful class or subclass together with the physiological, biochemical, and behavioural mechanisms employed by the insects. I also point out the existence of strategies that combine two tactics - either a switching strategy (during preparation for winter, population "chooses" which tactic will be used), or a dual strategy (individuals are ready to use one of the tactics depending on the prevailing environmental conditions).

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Ecological studies on the snow scale insect, Lineaspis striata (Newstead) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Thuja orientalis in Egypt.

The snow scale insect, Lineaspis striata (Newstead) was recorded as an important insect pest of Thuja orientalis in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. The present study revealed that the total individuals were in high numbers, (143.7 +/- 43; 141.8 +/- 20.7 and 149.0 +/- 48.5) during May, June and January, respectively. The fluctuating numbers of the immature stages have two peaks during June and November (6.9 +/- 0.7) and (20.5 +/- 5.0), respectively. The numbers of adult males reached the maximum (73.9 +/- 7.5) in October, while the females reached the maximum (88.7 +/- 2.2) in January. The insect has two annual generations. It is usually parasitized with Encarsia citrina (Aphelinidae), with maximum parasitization rate of 17.8 +/- 2.8 during August.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Forest gap characteristic in a coniferous-Picea likiangensis forest in the Yulong Snow Mountain Natural Reserve, Yunnan Province, China].

In this paper, some important parameters related to the gap disturbance regimes in a coniferous-Picea likiangensis forest in the Yulong Snow Mountain Natural Reserve, Yunnan Province were described. The results showed that expanded gaps occupied 42.5%, and canopy gaps occupied 28.8% of the land area in the forest. The frequency of gap disturbance was 35 gaps per hectares. There were 25% of small (gap area < 50 m2), 41% of middle (gap area 50-100 m2), and 34% of large (gap area > 100 m2) forest gaps. The most important manner of gap formation was the breakage at trunk base and its middle, and the secondly important manner was rotten. Gap maker in the forest was more than 80% of Picea likiangensis. The probability of making gaps was the greatest, when the big trees in the canopy layer got DBH 40-50 cm and height 15-25 m. Gaps formed by 1-2 gap makers was of 68.8%, and by 5 gap makers was seldom. The most of gap makers were 6 in a gap of the forest. The density of the seedlings in gap gradually increased with the forest gap from large to small.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗

PubMed1975

Virus-like particles in cystic mammary adenoma of a snow leopard.

Virus-like particles were observed in the giant cells of a mammary adenoma of a snow leopard kept in captivity. Particles that measured 115 to 125 nm in diameter budded from the lamella of endoplasmic reticulum and were studded on their inner surfaces with dense granules (approximately 12 nm) that gave them their unique ultrastructural morphology. Such particles were not observed extracellularly. Type B or type C particles were not seen in the tumor tissue.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1990

[Ocular injury by artificial snow spray].

We treated the eyes of 12 children, aged 2.5-16 years, which were injured by artificial snow-spray during Israel's Independence Day festivities in 1987 and 1989. There was chemical damage to the conjunctiva and cornea which took 1-3 weeks to heal.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

[Successful surgery of buttonhole deformity of finger via extensor tendon graft after snow (author's transl)].

Plastic surgery of extensor tendon after Snow for secondary removal of buttonhole deformity yields good results similar to those obtained by the method after Matev while being simpler to perform within a shorter time. However, success of surgery depends decisively on the preoperative free passive mobility of the joints of the finger concerned.

Finger Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Degeneratio corneae nivalis. Snow-crystal degeneration.

Report of an aged woman in whose corneal stroma point and snow crystal-like, ivory-white, opaque granules developed with calcium granules localized under the conjunctiva. The patient suffered further of general arthrosis and osteopoikilosis in the proximal epiphysis of the femur, demonstrable by X-ray examination. The authors compare the syndrome of their patient with the artificially induced calcification syndrome of rats, which was developed by H. Selye et al, after the administration of isoproterenol, 5-hydroxitriptamin, and dihydrotachysterol to the animals. All three compounds inducing the artificial calcification syndrome, or similar ones, are also normally present in the organism. Their application in the described order causes the abnormal calcification of the connective tissues, probably by the metabolic disturbance of the mucopolysaccharides.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Reports on two species of Pegohylemyia tibetana group in Xiling snow mountain of Dayi county, Sichuan, China (Anthomyiidae, Diptera)].

Male:Body 7mm. in length. Having a pair of bristles on the distal part of cercal plate, a blunt round angle of postgonite, the new species being less related to Pegohylemyia macrospini gera Deng, 1990, but having 4 pairs of large spines on the 5th sternite, a spherical point of postgonite and biconcave surstyli at apex, thus differing from the relative species. Holotype male, paratypes 18 male male, Xiling snow mountain of Dayi county, Sichuan, 17, July 1993, coll. Geng Lin, Deng Anxiao. Male:Body 7mm. in length. Having 4 pairs of spines on the 5th sternite being similar to Pegohylemyia nigribella above, but having legs with yellow color and round apex of surstyli resembling Pegohylemyia setisilva Jin, 1983; however, broadening postgonite and slender surstyli may be distinguished from all yellow leg species in this group. Holotype male:paratypes 63 male male, date and place of collection being the same as the first species above, coll Geng Lin, Li Ling, Deng Anxiao. Holotype and paratypes are kept in author's laboratory.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Dynamics of parasitic infections at four sites within lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) from the breeding colony at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, Canada.

We enumerated parasite burdens within the blood, gizzard, ceca, and kidneys of adult female lesser snow geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens collected from the breeding colony at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, Canada, in 1989. We observed 5 species of nematodes, 1 species of digenean, 1 species of protozoan, and an unidentified microfilaria in these geese. We compared parasite burdens between geese collected during the incubation (2-14 June) and brood-rearing (1-5 August) periods. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence and intensity of the gizzard nematode Amidostomum spatulatum and a significant increase in the prevalence of the renal coccidium Eimeria truncata between the 2 collection periods. We suggest that the changes concerning A. spatulatum reflect transmission conditions some 6 months earlier when the geese were on the wintering grounds. Changes involving E. truncata reflected transmission conditions within the previous month. Consequently, it would appear that breeding colonies are the foci for transmission of E. truncata, a significant pathogen of adults and goslings.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Snow white small intestinal villi in hypobetalipoproteinemia].

In contrast to the severe clinical picture of abetalipoproteinemia patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia are often asymptomatic. We demonstrate a 52-years-old female patient with a white mucosa of the small intestine casually observed by endoscopy. The white appearance of the mucosa was limited to the villi. As demonstrated by light and transmission electron microscopy this was caused by fat loaded enterocytes similar to the picture of abetalipoproteinemia. Fasting serum lipids and apolipoproteins were only if the lower norm level for some parameters, but no increase of the serum lipids was observed after an oral fat load. Because of the missing symptoms, the typical histomorphology and laboratory findings the snow white mucosa of the small intestine is due by the hetocygote form of the autosomal dominant hypobetalipoproteinemia with fat loaded enterocytes.

Apolipoproteins↗

PubMed1951