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PubMed1996

Demonstration of NADPH-diaphorase (NO-synthase) in sebaceous glands of the mammalian integument, with remarks on the glandular capillary net.

The study demonstrates weakly to strongly positive reaction staining for NADPH-diaphorase/NO- synthase in the peripheral cells of sebaceous glands in the hairy skin of domesticated mammals. Additionally, the structure of the blood capillary system surrounding these glands is better elucidated. The results obtained are discussed in view of a modulatory action of NO generated by these enzyme activities, implying a direct influence of this substance on the contractile elements of gland-associated blood capillaries. In this way, a simple and self-regulatory mechanism to couple blood flow and glandular metabolism can be proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Sebaceous gland adenoma in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

A tumor mass was identified below the shoulder region of a 5-year-old male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). The mass was excised and diagnosed as sebaceous gland adenoma based on the microscopic findings. Morphologically it appeared as an elevated, dome-shaped, circumscribed mass of 3.6 x 2.8 x 3.2 cm in dimension with tan speckled color. Histologically, the tumor was composed of mature, sebaceous cells (sebocytes), basal cells arranged in a mass of irregular shapes and sizes, with a characteristic appearance of poly or multilobular structure. Sebocytes were well differentiated with foamy cytoplasm in the center of the lobules and poorly or undifferentiated densely staining basal cells in the periphery of the lobules. Cellular changes in the adjacent lymph node included hyperplasia of plasma cells, macrophages and lymphoid elements with typical mitosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

The effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on sebaceous glands.

The drug, 13-cis-retinoic acid, which has been demonstrated to have a marked effect on nodulocystic acne, probably has several mechanisms of action. This article summarizes the effects on the sebaceous glands, and the accompanying changes in cutaneous lipids that result from 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy. These changes in lipid composition support the concept that linoleate may be of importance in the pathogenesis of acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1983

Sebaceous glands in the buccal mucosa in patients with rheumatic disorders.

When seeking oral lesions in patients with rheumatic disorders (RD), the most frequent discernible finding in the buccal mucosa seems to be sebaceous glands (SG). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not SG are associated with RD, especially Reiter's syndrome (RS). Observation of SG in the buccal mucosa took place by thorough inspection of 50 males and 80 females suffering from RD. Controls were 237 males and 231 females from an oto-rhino-laryngologic clientèle. Further rheumatological examination was made of 12 males and 7 females from the control group who showed positive SG findings. Biopsies from SG were performed for 9 patients suffering from RS. SG were observed in 24 males (48%) and 35 females (43.8%) among patients with RD and in 19 males (8%) and 8 females (3.7%) in the control group (p less than 0.001). Rheumatological examination of the above-mentioned 12 males and 7 females revealed either a history and/or objective signs of RD, most often RS, in 7 males (58.3%) and 6 females (85.7%). The histological pattern of SG was different from that of the mucocutaneous lesions of RS. The results speak in favour of a close association of oral SG and RD, with a certain emphasis in the direction of RS. SG seem to be an important additional non-specific clinical sign in the protean picture of rheumatic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of sebaceous gland hyperplasia by photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and a blue light source or intense pulsed light source.

Treatment of SGH by ALA-PDT with Blue Light Source or Intense Pulsed Light Activation. Sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) lesions often present as a sign of photoaging and have proven difficult to treat. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be an effective treatment option. Twelve patients with SGH received PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA, Levulan Kerastick, DUSA Pharmaceuticals, Inc) photosensitizing agent topically applied with a 30- to 60-minute drug incubation period. Patients received either 405-420 nm blue light (ClearLight PhotoClearing System, CureLight, Lumenis) for 15 minutes or intense pulsed light (IPL), 500-1,200 nm and 550 nm cut-off filter (VascuLight System, Lumenis) according to a randomization protocol. ALA-PDT was administered once per month for 4 consecutive months. Progress was evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks after the final treatment. More than a 50% reduction in the number of SGH lesions was achieved for patients in both treatment arms without lesional recurrence during the treatment and follow-up periods. All treatments were well-tolerated. Adverse effects were limited to mild, transient erythema (n = 2) and blisters (n = 1), which resolved without sequelae. ALA-PDT with either blue light or IPL photoactivation may provide therapeutic benefit without significant adverse effects in patients with SGH.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the breast carcinoma-associated mucin core protein repeat sequence peptide also recognise the ovarian carcinoma-associated sebaceous gland antigen.

The monoclonal antibody (Mab) OM-1, which defines the ovarian carcinoma-associated sebaceous gland antigen (SGA), and Mab F36/22, which defines the ductal carcinoma antigen (DCA), were tested for reactivity against a synthetic peptide representing the repeat twenty amino acid sequence of the human polymorphic epithelial mucin core protein plus four amino acids of the adjacent sequence (p1-24). OM-1 bound strongly to the peptide by direct dot blot assay and ELISA and the minimum epitope for OM-1 was shown to be APDTRP(A) by inhibition assay. F36/22 reacted weakly with the peptide under the same conditions and its affinity for peptide in solution was relatively very low. Mab OC125, which defines the ovarian cancer-associated antigen CA125, did not react with the p1-24 peptide. Five other anti-mucin Mabs (HMFG1, HMFG2, BC1, BC2, BC3), previously shown to bind to the p1-24 peptide, reacted strongly with SGA by direct binding and in a sandwich assay with OM-1 as the capture Mab. F36/22 was weakly positive under the same conditions suggesting that both peptide and SGA do not express the optimal epitope for F36/22 binding. These results indicate that SGA and possibly DCA have the repeat sequence core protein of the breast carcinoma-associated human polymorphic epithelial mucin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Cell proliferation and lipid formation in hamster sebaceous gland cells.

BACKGROUND: The development of sebocytes and lipogenesis are known to be dependent on androgens. However, it is not fully understood whether growth factors are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and lipid formation in sebaceous glands. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on cell proliferation and lipogenesis in cultured hamster sebocytes. METHODS: Cell proliferation and intracellular lipid accumulation in these hamster sebocytes treated with growth factors were examined. RESULTS: EGF, TGF-alpha and bFGF augmented the proliferation of hamster sebocytes for 8 days in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, KGF had no effect on their proliferation. Moreover, the accumulation of intracellular lipids consisting mainly of triglycerides was suppressed in EGF-, TGF-alpha-, bFGF- and KGF-treated hamster sebocytes. CONCLUSION: EGF, TGF-alpha and bFGF, but not KGF, have mitogenic activity on hamster sebocytes, and all these growth factors act as antilipogenic factors. Moreover, it is likely that the formation of intracellular lipid droplets is independent of cell proliferation in hamster sebocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Giant solitary sebaceous gland hyperplasia on the frontal region.

A case of a 39-year-old Japanese woman with a dome-shaped elevated nodule on the frontal region of the scalp is reported. Our case is very similar both clinically and histologically to that of 'giant solitary sebaceous gland hyperplasia' described by Kudoh et al. in 1988.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Incorporation in vitro of 14C fatty acids into bovine sebaceous gland and dermal lipids.

A study has been made of the incorporation in vitro of 14C palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids into the skin lipids of cattle. Linoleic acid was incorporated into the triglyceride (triacylglycerol) fraction of the sebaceous gland lipid at a greater rate than palmitic and oleic acids. Its incorporation was much greater when presented as a free acid than when presented either as cholesteryl linoleate or linoleoyl lecithin. However, the ability of cholesteryl ester and phospholipid to make a substantial indirect contribution of linoleic acid to sebum triglyceride synthesis by hydrolytic release of fatty acid was indicated. The association between the observed preferential incorporation of linoleic acid into the sebum triglycerides and the uniquely unsaturated triglycerides found on the skin surface of cattle is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changes in sebum secretion and the sebaceous gland.

New data have shown that sebum secretion is highest in young adults and then declines steadily throughout life in both men and women. This parallels the decline in androgen levels, but this cannot be the sole factor because there is so much overlap in sebaceous gland activity between men and women. The increased occurrence of dry skin in the elderly has been shown to be unrelated to the sebum secretion rate. This is not unexpected, as children, with even less sebum, rarely have this problem. Seborrheic dermatitis, which is also much more common in the elderly, is also unrelated to sebum secretion rate.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Oxidative activity of the type 2 isozyme of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) predominates in human sebaceous glands.

Sebum production is regulated by the opposing effects of androgens and estrogens. The intracrine activity of steroid metabolizing enzymes is important in regulating sebum production because these enzymes can convert weak steroids from the serum into potent androgens and estrogens within the sebaceous gland (SG). 17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) interconverts weak and potent sex steroids via redox reactions. In this regard, it may function as a gatekeeping enzyme regulating the hormonal milieu of the SG. Six isozymes of 17beta-HSD have been identified that differ in their substrate preference and their preference to produce weak or potent sex steroids via oxidation or reduction, respectively. The goals of this study are: (i) to identify which isozyme (s) of 17beta-HSD is active in SG; (ii) to determine if its activity differs in facial skin compared with nonacne-prone skin that may account for the regional differences in sebum production; (iii) to compare the activity of 17beta-HSD in intact glands and in SG homogenates; and (iv) to determine if 13-cis retinoic acid inhibits 17beta-HSD activity. Human SG were assayed for 17beta-HSD activity using estrogens, androgens, and progestins as substrates. Oxidative activity of the type 2 isozyme predominated in all samples tested. Although transcripts for the types 1, 2, 3, and 4 isozymes were detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, only mRNA for the predominant type 2 isozyme and the type 4 isozyme were detected in northern analysis. Greater reductive activity of 17beta-HSD was noted in SG from facial areas compared with nonacne-prone areas, suggesting an increased net production of potent androgens in facial areas. Oxidation was more predominant over reduction in intact SG compared with homogenized SG, thus supporting the hypothesis that 17beta-HSD protects against the effects of potent androgens in vivo. Activity of the type 2 17beta-HSD was not inhibited by 13-cis retinoic acid. In conclusion, SG possess the cellular machinery needed to transcribe the genes for the type 1-4 isozymes of 17beta-HSD. At the protein level, however, oxidative activity of the type 2 isozyme predominates, suggesting that 17beta-HSD isozyme activity may be translationally regulated.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1986

Changes in sebum secretion and the sebaceous gland.

New data have shown that sebum secretion is highest in young adults and then declines steadily throughout life in both men and women. This parallels the decline in androgen levels, but this cannot be the sole factor because there is so much overlap in sebaceous gland activity between men and women. The increased occurrence of dry skin in the elderly has been shown to be unrelated to the sebum secretion rate. This is not unexpected, as children, with even less sebum, rarely have this problem. Seborrheic dermatitis, which is also much more common in the elderly, is also unrelated to sebum secretion rate.

Adolescent↗