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PubMed1994

Performance of a group of deaf and hard-of-hearing students and a comparison group of hearing students on a series of problem-solving tasks.

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a group of school-age deaf and hard-of-hearing students and a matched group of hearing students on a series of problem-solving tasks. The results indicated that the hearing group performed better than the deaf and hard-of-hearing group. As they got older, both groups made incremental gains in problem-solving ability, and the gap between the deaf and hard-of-hearing group and the hearing group narrowed. Possible reasons for the results are discussed and suggestions for intervention and future research are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent medicine for medical students. A study of knowledge and performance among medical students in Brazil.

UNLABELLED: The objective of the study was to elaborate and apply an evaluation instrument designed to evaluate acquisition of knowledge and performance of medical students in the field of adolescent medicine. METHODS: Study carried out during one year, with a total of 103 fifth-year medical students of a Brazilian medical school, divided into four groups. INSTRUMENTS: Questionnaire, pre and post-test, record of individual evaluation, exam marks and average of teachers' concepts. Each group was submitted to a test with a differentiated number of questions, though proportionality in the distribution of themes was maintained. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test or verisimilitude ratio test; means, standard deviations and analysis of variance; Turkey's test of multiple comparisons; and multivariate technique for repeated measurements. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The distribution of themes in tests and comparative analysis of tudents' mean score in the Pre-test did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p = 1.0; p = 0.08). A positive correlation was observed between performance evaluated by the research instrument and that measured by formal instruments of the course (r = 0.45; r = 0.68). There was an increase in acquisition of knowledge, with a positive correlation between scores of the Pre and Post-Test and between Post-Test-Pre-Test difference/Exam (r = 0.43; r = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: The instrument was shown to be appropriate for evaluating the teaching of adolescent medicine at pregraduate level. There was increase in acquisition of knowledge. The methodology used can be a reference point for works with similar objectives.

Adolescent Medicine↗
PubMed2001

Complex partial epileptic-like experiences in university students and practitioners of Dharmakaya in Thailand: comparison with Canadian university students.

We tested the hypothesis that individuals who frequently practice meditation within another culture whose assumptions explicitly endorse this practice should exhibit more frequent and varied experience associated with complex partial epilepsy (without the seizures) as inferred by the Personal Philosophy Inventory and Roberts' Questionnaire for the Epileptic Spectrum Disorder. 80 practitioners of Dharma Meditation and 24 university students in Thailand were compared with 76 students from first-year courses in psychology in a Canadian university. Although there were large significant differences for some items and clusters of items expected as a result of cultural differences, there were no statistically significant differences between the two populations for the proportions of complex partial epileptic-like experiences or their frequency of occurrence. There were no strong or consistent correlations between the history of meditation within the sample who practiced Dharma meditation and these experiences. These results suggest complex partial epileptic-like experiences may be a normal feature of the human species.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Great differences in health behavior among high school students. A 5-year follow-up of annual questionnaires among students in different school programs].

The school health authority in the municipality of Kramfors performs an annual questionnaire among first-year high school students, which concerns their perceptions about health, wellbeing and the use of alcohol and tobacco. This study covers the period 1995-2000. Psychosomatic complaints and depressive feelings were twice as common among girls. A higher rate of girls and boys in preparatory practical programs were regular users of tobacco and alcohol, were not having breakfast regularly and were practising physical training more seldom compared to girls and boys in more theoretical programs. Bullying was more frequent among boys, especially those from practical programs. In consequence, the school health institutions should emphasise support for exposed groups. A local questionnaire can be a useful tool for identifying such groups and for monitoring health behaviour and health experiences among students as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A holistic approach to meeting students' needs: using hypnotherapy techniques to assist students in managing their health.

Nursing education has long been holistic in its approach to aiding the client or family. Further, most nurses, especially school nurses, are holistic by nature. That is, school nurses see a person as a whole being, physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. The more conscious nurses become of their holistic nature and the more they expand their knowledge and skills in holistic methods, the more they can assist students and families in having greater control over their health. Examples of selected holistic techniques and their positive effects when used by students with diabetes and asthma are illustrated in case studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of opinions, attitudes, and interests of physical therapy students with other students at the University of Michigan.

Scores on the Opinion, Attitude, and Interest Survey made by freshmen who later successfully completed work in the Physical Therapy Curriculum at the University of Michigan were compared with scores of eighteen other freshmen groups at the university. Physical therapy students ranked highest on the Biological Science Interest, Social Adjustment, and Emotional Adjustment scales, and lowest on the Infrequent Response, Social Undesirability, and Creative Personality scales. The conclusion was that freshmen who later completed work in the Physical Therapy Curriculum exhibited different opinions, attitudes, and interests than did other freshmen at the university.

Attitude↗
PubMed2006

Dietetics students possess negative attitudes toward obesity similar to nondietetics students.

This study explored attitudes toward obesity between dietetics and nondietetics majors at Ohio University and their relationship with dietary intake and body composition. A convenience sample comprised of 76 female dietetics (n=38) and nondietetics (n=38) majors was assessed for attitudes toward obesity using a validated Fat Phobia Scale. Dietary intake and percent body fat were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and air displacement plethysmography, respectively. Results show that both groups were well matched with respect to age, weight, and percent body fat. The two groups were similar with respect to negative attitudes toward obesity and these perceptions were comparable to norms reported in previous studies. However, there were intriguing, but subtle, differences in the rating of adjectives comprising the Fat Phobia Scale and in dietary intake between the groups. Together, these results suggest that dietetics students are no more or less susceptible to negative attitudes toward obesity than their peers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of smoking behaviors in middle school students: student nurse interventions.

This article examines the use of the Tar Wars curriculum with the public health problem of preteen smoking and outlines interventions with a middle school population by community health student nurses from a state university. Smoking is the single most preventable cause of death and disability. Three million people die worldwide each year as a result of smoking. Cigarette smoking has now been labeled a pediatric disease. Estimates are that 3,000 children will begin a lifelong addiction to cigarettes every day. They will face a life of poor quality based on the medical consequences of smoking cigarettes. Mortality from tobacco use is annually greater than that from drug abuse, AIDS, suicide, homicide, and motor vehicle accidents combined. Preteen and teenage smoking is now a public health problem, therefore implications for service learning, nursing advocacy, and interventions with this health problem are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Student status in nursing--a discussion on the status of the student and how it affects training.

Though the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) refers to student status as an 'emotive term' (UKCC 1982), the author through this small-scale study looks at the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. Alternative models of training and other implications are also considered, the findings indicating that implementation is important for the learners' ongoing education and professional development, but not without further investigation of some of the issues raised.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Enhancing the psychological health of medical students: the student well-being committee.

Medical schools' emphasis on technical excellence is sometimes at the expense of social and emotional development. This paper describes a programme, orchestrated by a vital Well-Being Committee, that involves students in a wide range of activities to enhance social and emotional well-being. The primary prevention of emotional impairment is the goal.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed2004

Student-faculty perceptions of multicultural training in accredited marriage and family therapy programs in relation to students' self-reported competence.

Although the marriage and family therapy field's recent attention to multicultural issues is laudable, there appears to be little clarity on what constitutes an effective multicultural training program and the impact of the effects of such training on trainee multicultural competence. The field continues to be challenged at different levels-training, practice, research, the setting of the standards and the work of the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education, and the goals and strategic plan of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Board. This study focused on assessing the extent of multicultural integration at different levels of training and the relationship between such training and students' perception of their own multicultural competence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Instruments used to measure change in students preparing for ministry: a summary of research on clinical pastoral education students.

Surveys studies in which psychometric tools were used in an attempt to measure change in students as a result of their participation in Clinical Pastoral Education. Gives special attention to the use of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Personality Orientation Inventory, Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, the Adjective Check List, the Osgood Semantic Differential, Cattells' Sixteen Personality Factor Test, Leary's System for Interpersonal Diagnosis, the Carkhuff Scale, and The Empathy Test. Notes positive as well as limiting factors of research in which psychometric instruments have been used.

Chaplaincy Service, Hospital↗
PubMed2004

Medical students' views about Modernising Medical Careers: a questionnaire survey of London students.

A survey of London medical students asked for their views of the changes to postgraduate medical education starting in August 2005. The majority had clear ideas about their career plans and did not want their career held back by the introduction of an extra year. They overwhelmingly preferred to start their early training in or reasonably near to where they had undertaken their medical studies.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Should a school honor a student's DNR order? A lawyer responds: a student's right to forgo CPR.

... Instead of and certainly before advising the school or S.A. to go into court, I would urge them to try to resolve the question where it arises -- in the classroom, not the courtroom. And I would ask school officials to try to place themselves in S.A.'s shoes, and to imagine how she feels about her situation; and to ask themselves how they will feel if they administer CPR against her and her parents' wishes. Is there no way that they can do more than nothing, but less than CPR? Which image would we prefer to attach to S.A.'s case, that of some lawyers giving a press conference on the courthouse steps or of a story about a school that made it possible for one of its students to spend her precious time with her friends, classmates, and teachers, as they learn together that death does not need to separate the living from the dying?

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Are university students more depressed than nonuniversity students?

Rimon's Brief Depression Scale was administered to examine the associations of university status and gender on depression among 1728 subjects ages 17 to 40 years and residing in Sydney, Australia. Analysis showed the 912 women were significantly more depressed than the 816 men; however, no significant difference was found between 744 university students and 984 nonstudents. These findings were interpreted in terms of various theories proposed in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of the tobacco smoke exposure among students living in students' dormitories].

Passive smoking results from involuntary smoke inhalation in the environment where tobacco and other tobacco products are smoked. This is a common situation in numerous public objects, as restaurants, offices, dormitories and students' clubs. Non-smokers are exposed to very high concentrations of tobacco smoke in these places. Environmental exposure to tobacco smoke of the inhabitants of the Pharmacy School dormitory in Sosnowiec was studied. The evaluation was based on urine cotinine concentration measured with the HPLC method. Additionally, a Fagerström test was conducted among declared smokers in order to evaluate the degree of their pharmacologic addiction to nicotine. The obtained results indicate that non-smoking dormitory inhabitants are strongly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, but active smokers did not presented with pharmacological addiction to nicotine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The change in specialty preference by medical students over time: an analysis of students who prefer family medicine.

Over one third of U.S. medical school matriculants from the graduating class of 1983 had an original career interest in family practice, although there was a significant attrition by the time of medical school graduation. Perhaps of greater importance, however, was that students who entered medical school with an interest in family practice were almost three times as likely to choose family practice as a career than matriculants who were interested in other specialties (24.2% versus 8.4%, P less than .001).

Career Choice↗