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PubMed2003

[Biomechanical tests for type II SLAP lesions of the shoulder joint before and after arthroscopic repair].

Superior labral anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) lesions can cause shoulder pain partly by causing glenohumeral instability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a simulated type II SLAP lesion and subsequent repair on glenohumeral translation of the vented shoulder. In eight cadaver joints, a robotic/UFS testing system was used to measure joint translation by applying an anterior, posterior, or inferior load of 50 N to each shoulder. The "apprehension tests" for anterior and posterior instability were simulated by applying an anterior load of 50 N with an external rotation torque of 3 Nm or a posterior load of 50 N with an internal rotation torque of 3 Nm. Each loading condition was applied at 30 degrees and 60 degrees of glenohumeral abduction with a constant joint compressive load (44 N) to the intact, simulated SLAP lesion, and repaired shoulder. Repair of the type II SLAP was then performed by placing a Suretac through the labrum both anterior and posterior to the biceps anchor and testing was repeated. ANOVA was used to compare translation of the intact joint, the joint after the type II SLAP lesion had been simulated, and after repair. At 30 degrees of abduction, anterior translation of the intact vented shoulder joint from anterior loading was 18.7+/-8.5 mm and increased to 26.2+/-6.5 mm after simulation of the type II SLAP lesion ( p< or =0.05). The arthroscopic repair did not restore anterior translation (23.9+/-8.6 mm) to the same degree as the intact joint ( p> or =0.05). At 60 degrees of abduction, anterior translation of 16.6+/-9.6mm in the intact joint was not significantly increased at 19.4+/-10.1 after simulation of the type II SLAP lesion ( p=0.0527). AP loading also resulted in inferior translation. At 30 degrees of abduction it was 3.8+/-4.0 mm in the intact joint and increased to 8.5+/-5.4 mm after the type II SLAP lesion ( p< or =0.05. After repair the inferior translation decreased significantly to 6.7+/-5.3 mm ( p< or =0.05). Although inferior translations were less at 60 degrees of abduction, results were similar to those at 30 degrees after repair. There were no significant increases in translation after SI/AP combined external rotation torque or posterior-anterior combined internal rotation torque loading. In this study the repair of a type II SLAP lesion only partially restored translations to the same degree as an intact vented shoulder joint. Therefore, improved repair techniques or an anteroinferior capsulolabral procedure in addition to the type II SLAP lesion repair might be needed to restore normal joint function.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1991

[The place of magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the shoulder joint].

In a prospective study 43 patients with shoulder pain were examined by sonography and MRI. The findings were controlled by plain radiography, arthrography, and CT arthrography. Joint effusions and humeral head defects were equally identified by MR and sonography. In the diagnosis of labrum lesions, rotator cuff lesions, subacromial spurs, and synovial inflammatory disease sonography was not as accurate as MR. A special MR scoring system improved the diagnosis of an impingement syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Arthroscopy and stability testing of the shoulder joint.

A consecutive series of 32 patients with shoulder problems was examined with arthroscopy. Seventeen of these patients with suspected unstable shoulders were also tested for instability under fluoroscopic control. Results were analyzed for two age groups and with reference to preoperative diagnosis. Stability testing was of more value than arthroscopy in the treatment of younger patients with shoulder instability. Arthroscopy was of some value in choosing treatment in the older age group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Arthrography of the equine shoulder joint.

Techniques and normal radiographic anatomy for positive and double contrast shoulder arthrography in horses were evaluated. General anaesthesia was used for most radiographic projections of the shoulder. The mediolateral projection provided the most information during arthrography, although the supinated mediolateral view occasionally allowed better definition of the cartilage surfaces on the medial aspects of the humeral head. The craniocaudal mediolateral oblique and caudocranial projections provided limited additional information. Water soluble non-ionic contrast agents, such as metrizamide and iohexol, were suitable for shoulder arthrography; iohexol resulted in less synovitis and lameness. Arthrography in cases of osteochondrosis and osteochondritis dissecans allowed better evaluation of cartilage attachment to subchondral bone, better evaluation of the length and depth of cartilage lesions and more accurately defined the site and shape of osteocartilaginous free bodies. Cartilage thickening without detachment from the subchondral bone could only be determined by arthrography. Although these thick cartilage regions may later dissect from the subchondral bone, most cases where the cartilage was firmly adherent were not candidates for surgical debridement and carried a favourable prognosis. The determination of a free flap by arthrography indicated the need for surgery. Extensive humeral and glenoid cavity lesions were better defined by arthrography, allowing a rational decision between surgical debridement or euthanasia. Using arthrography, evaluation of the size and patency of the communicating canal to a subchondral cystic defect better separated cases with long, narrow and poorly patent canals for conservative rather than surgical therapy.

Anesthesia, General↗