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PubMedDate not supplied

[New bridges for gaps in psychotherapeutic service provision by the internet: hopes, challenges and a solution].

Modern communication technologies such as internet, e-mail or SMS open up new possibilities for the optimization of the psychotherapeutic service provision. However, their use places new challenges. Ethical and legal requirements must be considered, technical and communicative aspects must be integrated into supplying concepts. This paper presents central requirements for the use of the Internet and a possible solution by the example of the project "Internet-Brücke" (internet bridge). In this project internet chat groups are tested as an aftercare program following inpatient treatment in a specialized hospital for psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine. It is discussed, in what respect the solutions fit the specific requirements of this project and what can be learned for further applications.

Aftercare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Did the Diagnostic Profile in Psychosomatically Examined Patients Seen by Consultation/Liaison-Services (CL Services) of Berlin Hospitals Change?].

The aim of this study was to find out whether the diagnostic profile for patients seen in the psychosomatic Consultation-Liaison (CL) services in three Berlin hospitals in 1994 and 2001changed. All referrals to the psychosomatic CL service within 3 months in 1994 (N = 229) and within 3 months in 2001 (N = 196) were recorded and documented. It could be shown that the referred patients of the three Berlin hospitals more frequently had only mentally caused symptoms (without organ diseases) in the first data recording (1994) and more frequently organic diseases with concomitant mental comorbidity in the second data recording (2001). If this finding reflects a general tendency, it requires an adjustment in the competence of psychosomatic CL services and health policies that ensure the inclusion of mental aspects in hospital care.

Berlin↗
PubMed2005

[Instruments for the measurement of the social network].

The social network can be an important pathogenic, pathoplastic, or protective factor in the development and course of mental and somatic illnesses. "Social network" describes a complex construct which has been understood, defined, and operationalized in many different ways. In research and clinical practice it is advisable to refer to scientifically elaborated instruments when measuring or evaluating the social network of patients. In this paper a review is given on available instruments for the measurement of the social network. They are discussed in respect to their clinical usefulness. Only few measures can be recommended for clinical practice because of the time needed to get the information or because of their content.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Aspects of psychologic disorders in Japanese students].

The present study discusses the reasons which moved 88 students during one year from April 1987 till March 1988 to make their first spontaneous visit to the Department of Psychiatry in the Health Service Center of Tokyo University. The number of patients amounted to 0.60% of the total student enrollment during the period mentioned. The sufferings which motivated their visits could be phenomenally divided into two sectors. The first sector was related to the individual problems of the students and could be sub-divided into somatic and psychic spheres. To the other sector belonged the social or intersubjective relationships with either a general or a special point of reference. The majority of cases (ca. 70% of all patients) fell into the individual sector. Some reasons for this distribution are discussed. Among the patients there was a large percentage of freshmen. This seems to be due to the internal and external milieu changes caused by entering the university life. The ICD-9 diagnosis showed that ca. 80% of the patients exhibited Neurotic disorder and Adjustment reactions. This raises the question of applicability of ICD-9 to minor ailments, frequent among the clients of a Student Health Center. The dominant source of troubles motivating students to seek psychiatric help appeared to be problems connected with the academic life, like entrance into the university, examinations, choice of field of study, and graduation.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

[Psychosomatic personality structure--fact or fiction?].

This article describes the different approaches to explaining psychosomatic disease according to the gradual scientific development of this concept in the course of medical history. Whereas Freud and also some of the later psychoanalytical authors considered psychosomatic disease as a special form of neurosis, recent efforts are directed at working out a specific psychosomatic personality structure which can be differentiated against that of the neurotic or psychotic personality. Besides the concept of the "infantile personality" formulated as early as 1948 by Ruesch in respect of the psychosomatic patient, specific characteristics of a psychosomatic personality have been outlined during the sixties by a French working team as part of a concept which they called "operative thinking"; independent of this development, American authors have also defined such specific characteristics under the designation "alexithymia". The central aspect of these definitions concerns a disturbance of affective perception and of the ability to psychic or affective working-over. The critical discussion of these approaches is carried out both on a theoretical and on a methodical empirical level. Basing on an empirical study conducted by the author himself, methodical drawbacks of previous studies are discovered and pointed out.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychiatric diseases prior to anorexia nervosa].

40 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and 30 patients of a control group suffering from different types of neurosis were retrospectively assessed for premorbid psychiatric symptomatology. A high frequency of premorbid psychiatric disorders was found in both groups, although phobic behavior and anxiety attacks were quite common in the anorectic group. The anxiety disorders often led to crisis and failure of the individual when coping with new life situations. The findings of the present study indicate that anorexia nervosa is not only a resolution of puberal and adolescent turmoil after a "model childhood". Nearly two thirds of the patients manifested symptoms of a minor psychiatric illness during early or later childhood.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

[Psychosomatic correlations in pediatric ophthalmology].

Somatopsychic disturbances encompassing both ophthalmologic as well as child-psychiatric phenomena mainly occur in ADD: Central disorders of eye motoricity (strabismus) and disorders of visual perception are encountered. Dyslexia or dysorthography often occur as secondary phenomena. The psychosomatic or psychogenic disturbances affect not only the lid mechanism but also visualization. In the lid region, nictation tics and trichotillomania of the eyebrows and eyelashes occur. Psychic impairment of vision may range from a slight amblyopia, often associated with limitation of the field of vision, to complete amaurosis. The symptomatology is described and illustrated with examples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Combination of Crohn's disease and anorexia nervosa signs and symptoms (author's transl)].

In two female patients whose disease had been diagnosed as anorexia nervosa, later examination revealed Crohn's disease. Hence, the frequency of anorexia nervosa signs and symptoms seen in patients with Crohn's disease who had been hospitalised for internistic-psychosomatic treatment, was scrutinised by the authors. Eight out of 25 consecutively treated patients showed these symptoms. Particularly frequent signs were refusal of adequate food intake to regain normal weight, as well as acute conflict situations due to disturbed neurotic development. On account of the frequency of anorectic signs and symptoms in Crohn's disease, therefore, this disease should be diagnostically excluded before accepting anorexia nervosa as final diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A review of the role of the gut microflora in irritable bowel syndrome and the effects of probiotics.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multi-factorial gastrointestinal condition affecting 8-22 % of the population with a higher prevalence in women and accounting for 20-50 % of referrals to gastroenterology clinics. It is characterised by abdominal pain, excessive flatus, variable bowel habit and abdominal bloating for which there is no evidence of detectable organic disease. Suggested aetiologies include gut motility and psychological disorders, psychophysiological phenomena and colonic malfermentation. The faecal microflora in IBS has been shown to be abnormal with higher numbers of facultative organisms and low numbers of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Although there is no evidence of food allergy in IBS, food intolerance has been identified and exclusion diets are beneficial to many IBS patients. Food intolerance may be due to abnormal fermentation of food residues in the colon, as a result of disruption of the normal flora. The role of probiotics in IBS has not been clearly defined. Some studies have shown improvements in pain and flatulence in response to probiotic administration, whilst others have shown no symptomatic improvement. It is possible that the future role of probiotics in IBS will lie in prevention, rather than cure.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗