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PubMed1991

Localization of neuropeptides in the nervous system of the marine annelid Sabellastarte magnifica.

Immunohistochemical studies of the nervous system of Sabellastarte magnifica, a sedentary polychaete, showed the presence of neuropeptide expressing cells and fibers within the double ventral nerve cord. Immunoreactivity to cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, substance P, and FMRFamide was found to be present in specific populations of cells, identifiable by their location and by the neuropeptide they expressed. Fibers expressing the various neuropeptides were also observed in particular locations within the nerve cord. This characteristic distribution of the various neuron subgroups and fiber pathways may represent functional circuits within the nervous system of this annelid.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Glial localization of interleukin-1 alpha in invertebrate ganglia.

1. Mytilus pedal ganglion contains a small population of glial cells that are immunopositive for interleukin-1 alpha. Positively stained fibers can also be seen in the neuropil of these sections. 2. The marine worm Nereis diversicolor also exhibits positive neural immunostaining for interleukin-1 alpha. 3. Both organisms contain hemocytes that contain immunoactivity for interleukin-1 alpha. The study suggests interleukin-1 alpha to be an ancient cytokine given its presence in organisms that evolved significantly earlier than mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of copper on the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri: I. Concentration limits for copper accumulation.

Three experiments with a sabellid polychaete (Eudistylia vancouveri) show the threshold concentration for increasing copper accumulation with time to lie between 3 and 6 micrograms/L total copper in seawater during winter conditions. The branchial crown, probably the major absorptive site, concentrated more copper than the body. Accumulation was influenced by size but not by sex. Our studies indicate that the body burden of copper will increase above natural levels in areas of industrial discharge where copper levels are above the threshold limit for accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Accumulation of cadmium by Nereis virens.

Cadmium concentration in Nereis virens exposed to sediment spiked with cadmium increased linearly with time, no equilibrium concentration being indicated by 24 days of exposure. The concentration with N. virens also increased with concentration of Cd in the sediment, and smaller worms accumulated higher amounts per unit weight than larger worms. With exposure to sediment containing 1 to 4 ppm Cd, accumulation rates ranged from 0.018 to 0.037 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 1- to 2-g worms and from 0.014 to 0.024 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 5- to 7-g worms. N. virens exposed to 0.03 to 9.2 ppm Cd in sea water for 14 days had accumulation rates of 0.019 to 2.217 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 1- to 2-g worms and 0.013 to 1.327 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 5- to 7-g worms. There was practically no excretion of cadmium for N. virens with initial concentrations of 5 to 20 microgram Cd/g dry wt during 75 days in clean conditions. Sediment containing 1 and 4 ppm Cd produced concentrations of about 0.03- and 0.1-ppm cd in the overlying water. The accumulation rates from sediment with 1 and 4 ppm Cd are equal to the rates from sea water with 0.03 and 0.1 ppm Cd, respectively, indicating that cadmium uptake by N. virens is primarily from the aqueous phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Uptake of PCBs from sediment by Nereis virens and Crangon septemspinosa.

The concentration of PCB, as Aroclor 1254, accumulated from sandy sediment by Nereis virens is directly related to PCB concentration in sediment and to exposure time, and is inversely related to worm size. There was no indication of equilibrium concentrations being attained during 32 days' exposure. Concentration factors at 32 days ranged from 10.8 for 0.6-g worms to 3.8 for 4.7-g worms. There was no obvious excretion of PCB by N. virens during 26 days' post exposure. Accumulation of PCB by Crangon septemspinosa is directly related to PCB concentration in sediment and inversely related to animal size. Concentration factors at 32 days ranged from 3.5 for 0.1-g shrimp to 1.9 for 2.9-g shrimp. Field collected N. virens ranging in weight from 1.3 to 20.0 g were analyzed for PCB, sigma DDT and dieldrin. Smaller worms had accumulated more per unit weight of each compound than larger worms.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of copper on the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri. II. Copper accumulation and tissue injury in the branchial crown.

Copper in seawater caused injury to the radioles (gills) of the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri. Light and electron microscopy showed the loss of cellular adhesion and the structural derangement that lead to cell necrosis and death. The progression of injury was related to the uptake of copper into the tissues. Copper was found by X-ray microanalysis to be localized subcellularly in membrane-bound vesicles that are similar to lysosomes. Cell breakdown may result from lysosomal labilization.

Animals↗