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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

[Evaluation of the preserved function of the remnant stomach in pylorus preserving-gastrectomy by gastric emptying scintigraphy].

This study evaluated the preserved function of the remnant stomach by gastric emptying scintigraphy 1 year postoperatively in 49 patients who underwent pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG), and it investigated whether this examination method is a useful tool for evaluation. The residual stomach function was classified as rapid, intermediate, and delayed emptying types according to gastric emptying curves. Then, the relationships were examined between the gastric emptying types and postprandial symptoms, food intake status, body weight changes, and endoscopic findings. Seventy-three percent of the PPG patients were classified as belonging to the intermediate emptying type, and the remainder (27%) to the delayed type. The frequencies of complaints such as epigastric fullness, nausea, and vomiting were high in the delayed emptying-type patients. The intermediate emptying-type patients consumed larger amounts of food and gained more weight than the delayed emptying-type patients. In conclusion, gastric function was evaluated by gastric emptying scintigraphy in PPG patients. This method might be useful not only for evaluating the motor function of the remnant stomach, but also for predicting postoperative status. Although PPG is a function-preserving operation, it should be considered that a quarter of the patients showed delayed emptying type which related to poor quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[One-stage segmental pylorus-preserving resection of the stomach and duodenum in stenosing duodenal ulcer].

The analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 32 patients with duodenal ulcer disease complicated by postpyloric stenosis of the duodenum, using the original technique--combination of selective proximal vagotomy with segmental pylorus-preserving resection of the stomach and duodenum was carried out. A good immediate and long-term result was noted, there were no ulcer recurrences. Such an operative intervention is expedient in stenosing duodenal ulcer, its combination with a gastric ulcer, and as well in postvagotomy ulcer recurrency developing against the background of high gastric acid production.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1991

[The results of pylorus-preserving resection of the stomach].

The functional results of pylorus-preserving resection of a stomach (PRS) in 68 patients with gastric ulcer disease were studied. According to the data of gastroscintigraphy and hepatoscintigraphy, it was established that number of patients with decreased motor-evacuatory function (MEF) of the stomach reduced from 31% before the operation to 11% at the long-term period after PRS. Duodenogastric reflux was noted in 10% of the patients as compared with 47% before the operation. MEF of the stomach normalized within 3-6 mos after the operation. Acid-producing function of the stomach after PRS steadily decreased until the development of a hypoacidic state. Basal pH of gastric, body at the long-term period was 3.39 +/- 0.59. An excellent and good result according to Visick scale was noted in 67 (98.5%) patients, a satisfactory one--in 1 (1.5%).

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1991

[Long-term follow-up study after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for gastric ulcer].

The long-term follow-up study of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) for benign gastric ulcer was described in terms of postoperative subjective symptoms related to gastrectomy and recurrent ulceration. Of 134 patients who underwent PPG, 5 patients died within one month after operation, 33 patients died in the follow-up period and 22 patients have not been traced. Seventy-four patients were available for a 3-24 year follow-up (mean 16.6 years) Recurrent ulcer developed in 4 patients, 1, 2, 9 and 11 years after surgery at the greater curvature of pre-pyloric region in all cases. Two patients underwent reoperation. These patients revealed higher gastric acid secretion as compared with that of one month after primary operation. But gastrin hypersecretion and G-cell hyperplasia were not recognized in these patients. According to detailed questionnaires, no patient showed the symptoms of dumping syndrome. The results indicate that PPG is preferable for the surgical treatment of gastric ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Gastrectomy preserving pylorus and pyloric vagus].

Gastrectomy preserving pylorus and pyloric vagus was done in 32 cases to preventing complications caused by conventional gastric resection. This operation, similar to Billroth I (B-I) and Billroth II (B-II) in reducing acidity, was effective in preventing reflux and dumping syndrome. But the results of this operation were better than those of B-I and B-II according to postoperative gastric emptying test, fat and protein digestion, gastric biopsy, body weight, and patients' general conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pylorus and antroseromuscular flap-preserving gastrectomy--a new type of reconstruction after subtotal gastrectomy for treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer: clinical and experimental study.

To avoid motility disturbances after Billroth gastrectomy, the authors designed pylorus and antroseromuscular flap-preserving subtotal gastrectomy (PAFPG). Results showed that gastric motility and emptying time of dogs after PAFPG were close to normal. PAFPG was applied to 125 consecutive patients with gastroduodenal ulcers (gastric ulcer, 15 patients; duodenal ulcer, 94 patients; and combined ulcers, 16 patients) confirmed by barium examination and fibro-gastroendoscopy. All patients recovered smoothly, none of them had postoperative complication. Gastric acid output reduction rates were as follows: basal acid output, 85.05% +/- 8.13%; maximal acid output, 81.76% +/- 10.85%; peak acid output, 81.42% +/- 10.15%. The incidence of postoperative enterogastric reflux (endoscopically) and the concentration of cholic acids in gastric juice were significantly lower in patients after PAFPG than after Billroth I or II gastrectomy. Results suggest that PAFPG reduced gastric acid outputs definitely and overcame adverse motility consequences after Billroth I or II gastrectomy desirably.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The morphology of the cardia and the pylorus in the Chiroptera].

Organ complexes of bats (Nyctalis noctula), consisting of oesophagus, stomach and initial part of the small intestine have been subjected to histological and morphometrical investigation. As demonstrates the histological investigation of the preparations, the denticulate line of the mucous membrane of the oesophageal-gastric passage is displaced towards the stomach. In the cardia a well manifested internal sphincter has been revealed. In the place, where the stomach passes into the small intestine, on a small area of the submucosal tela of the intestine, there is an accumulation of secretory parts of the duodenal glands. They form a glandular torulus, which narrows the transitional zone lumen. A peculiarity of the bat pylorus is absence of an anatomical sphincter in it.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic balloon dilation of the pylorus after esophagogastrostomy without a drainage procedure.

The necessity to perform a drainage procedure after esophagectomy using the stomach for substitution remains controversial. Transection of the pyloric sphincter may cause severe and debilitating gastroesophagitis because of increased duodenogastric reflux. Omitting the drainage procedure may lead to gastric stasis. In the patient group we studied (n = 50), 42 had partial esophagogastrectomy and intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy, 12 with and 30 without a drainage procedure. Eight had total thoracic esophagectomy and cervical esophagastrostomy using the entire stomach without a drainage procedure. Gastric stasis was not observed in the 12 patients with a drainage procedure, but in six, duodenal reflux gastroesophagitis caused considerable morbidity. This complication was seen only once in the group (n = 38) who did not have a drainage procedure. Four of the 38 patients with an intact pylorus (one patient after partial esophagogastrectomy and three patients after total thoracic esophagectomy) showed persistent pyloric closure. However, this complication was successfully managed by endoscopic balloon dilation under fluoroscopic survey. The results suggest that, after esophagectomy, the integrity of the pyloric sphincter should be preserved, since the complication arising from this policy can be simply managed by endoscopic balloon dilation.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1989

[Digestive physiopathology of the pancreatectomized patient. Comparison of the results of total pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy with preservation of the pylorus].

The authors analyze their experience with pancreatectomy, pointing out the digestive pathophysiologic sequelae of the operated patients. A follow-up protocol based on upper digestive endoscopy, laboratory tests, scintigraphic and pH-metric tests compares the results achieved after total pancreatectomy with the results of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Total pancreatectomy is complicated by peptic ulcer, stump gastritis and gastroenteric dyskinesia. The preservation of the pylorus and the separation of the gastric anastomosis from the biliary one avoid the pathologic biliary reflux and minimize the functional and organic sequelae of the operation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of negative air ions on experimental ulcer induced by pylorus ligature in albino rat.

The authors studied the influence of negative aeroionotherapy (AIT) on the gastric ulcer induced by pylorus ligature. After 24 hours the ligature was removed and the stomach was studied with respect to number and aspect of ulcers (hemorrhagic or not), periulcerous mucosa (edema, folds), acidity and microhemorrhage of gastric secretion. The animals were divided into 4 groups: C1 and C2 (controls)--not treated with air ions; P--prophylactically exposed 10 days before the operation to AIT; T--submitted to AIT prophylactically 10 days before the operation--therapeutically 5 days after operation. The results showed a favourable influence of AIT: the number of gastric ulcers was smaller; the regeneration processes in the mucosa were ameliorated; the gastric acid secretion and microhemorrhage diminished.

Air Ionization↗
PubMed1989

Diffuse neurofibroma of the pylorus: a cause of gastric outlet obstruction.

We describe a benign diffuse neurofibroma of the pylorus, unassociated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, which was a cause of pyloric stenosis; epigastric discomfort, vomiting, and weight loss of 60 lb were the most prominent symptoms. Partial gastrectomy resulted in a cure. The literature on nerve-sheath tumors of the stomach is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Disorders of motility of the stomach and pylorus: pathological significance (author's transl)].

Five different disorders of motility of the pyloric region may be distinguished if direction and velocity of chyme passing through the pylorus are taken into account: 1. Accelerated emptying of food and overacidification of the bulbus duodeni: 2. Bolus emptying of the stomach and rapid increasing hyperosmolarity in the small intestine: 3. Delayed emptying of the stomach and gastric retention: 4. Duodeno-gastric reflux and inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucosa: 5. Other disorders causing pain. Gastric disroders cannot yet be classified on the basis of abnormal motility patterns. It is well known, that the gastric and duodenal motility are regulated by two separate pacemakers located in the distal corpus area and in the bulbus duodeni. Thus it may be speculated that distrubed motility patterns may be due to abnormal pacemaker function.

Dumping Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Topography of NPY-, somatostatin-, and VIP-immunoreactive, neuronal subpopulations in the guinea pig celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion and their projection to the pylorus.

The topography of the peptidergic neuronal subpopulations in the guinea pig celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was studied analyzing the distribution of immunoreactivity to neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/polypeptide HI (PHI). For comparison, the ganglion was also studied using antisera against the 2 catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). Approximately 65% of the neuronal cell bodies contained NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI), whereas 25% of the principal ganglion cells contained SOM-like immunoreactivity (SOM-LI). Though occasional cells were found to contain both NPY-LI and SOM-LI, these peptides had a complementary distribution in the ganglion, with NPY cells in the celiac poles and SOM cells in the superior mesenteric pole. The vast majority of both the NPY- and SOM-positive cells also contained TH-like immunoreactivity (TH-LI), confirming their catecholaminergic, presumably noradrenergic, nature. Some noradrenergic neurons seemed to lack NPY- and SOM-LI. Small numbers of VIP/PHI-containing cell bodies were found in areas where the NPY-immunoreactive neurons predominated. Many of the VIP/PHI-positive cells contained NPY-LI and occasionally also TH-LI. The immunohistochemical markers were also observed in fibers. Thus, a comparatively weak NPY-LI was seen in smooth fibers, probably representing axons and axon bundles. SOM-LI was seen in a similar type of fiber but also in more strongly fluorescent fibers with a varicose appearance. The latter fibers were observed only in the SOM-dominated part of the ganglion, often surrounding the ganglion cells. Varicose fibers with a similar distribution containing DBH-like immunoreactivity (DBH-LI) were also seen. In addition, DBH- and TH-LI were seen in smooth axonlike processes. VIP-positive fibers exhibited a very dense fiber network, almost exclusively related to the SOM cell-dominated part of the ganglion. The projection of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons was studied with special reference to the pylorus using a combination of retrograde axonal tracing and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Seventy-two hours after injection of the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue into the pyloric sphincter, labeled neurons were found in the ganglion. By comparing the Fast Blue-labeled cells with the immunoreactive cell bodies, neurons containing both dye and NPY- or SOM-LI were observed. In elution-restaining experiments, it was established that the majority of these cells were also immunoreactive to TH, indicating that they produce noradrenaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Double pylorus (review of the literature and cases contribution)].

The Authors describe two cases of "double pylorus" came to their observation. Such name mean the presence of a peri-pyloric gastro-duodenal fistula carrying out a second duct which lead in communication the gastric antrum with the upper part of duodenal bulb. Because of rarity of this pathology (58 cases are described in the literature) its frequency are usually undervalved, as well since the clinic no presents a special features in comparison with other diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relevance of male hormonal status with antiulcer effect of cimetidine in pylorus ligated rats.

Ulcer formation after pylorus ligation was assessed in control, testosterone treated and castrated male rats after cimetidine treatment. The stomach was studied for incidence of ulcers and its contents analysed for pH, volume, total acidity, free acidity, pepsin and mucin activity. Testosterone and cimetidine when used alone protected from ulceration while when used in combination the degree of protection was decreased. Castration per se ead no effect on ulcer index but potentiated cimetidine induced gastric ulcer protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of fasting period, ligation time, sex, age and bodyweight on the gastric secretory response of pylorus-ligated Wistar rats.

A study on variables influencing the gastric secretory response of pylorus-ligated Wistar rat, shows that: 1. 24 h is a sufficient fasting period for satisfactory emptying of the stomach, periods of up to 48 h yielding no advantage; 2. between 2 and 4 h is the most appropriate pyloric ligation time because in this range there are no variations in volume of gastric secretion, concentration and output of acid per unit of ligation time; 3. sex has no influence on any of the parameters; 4. animals should be age-selected because only above a given age threshold the gastric secretory response per unit of bodyweight is constant.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Is 5-HT a mediator in the motor control of the feline pylorus?

Since serotonin (5-HT) is a potent spasmogen of pyloric smooth muscle in vivo, and since it is released on electrical stimulation of extrinsic nerves to the gut, the amine may mediate the excitatory motor responses elicited by vagal or splanchnic stimulation. In this study in cats intra-arterial administration of 5-HT to the stomach evoked a dose-dependent pyloric contraction, which was efficiently antagonized by Ketanserin, a peripheral 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. Such treatment did not affect the vagally or splanchnically induced pyloric motor responses, whereas the blood pressure reaction on splanchnic stimulation was greatly reduced. Therefore, 5-HT does not seem to be essential for the extrinsic neural control of pyloric motility. On the other hand, by means of immunocytochemistry, using a 5-HT antiserum, varicose nerve fibres with tryptamine-like immunofluorescence were demonstrated not only in the myenteric plexus and circular muscle layer but also in vascular nerve terminals of the feline pylorus. The function of these tryptamine-containing nerves is still unclear.

Animals↗