Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PROTEUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1963

GROWTH OF L FORMS OF STREPTOMYCIN-DEPENDENT PROTEUS MIRABILIS.

Altenbern, Robert A. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Growth of L forms of streptomycin-dependent Proteus mirabilis. J. Bacteriol. 85:619-622. 1963.-A streptomycin-dependent mutant of Proteus mirabilis produces L forms on penicillin-containing medium when dihydrostreptomycin is also present. The 3A-type L form grows at maximal rate when the concentration of dihydrostreptomycin is between 10 and 50 mug/ml, whereas the 3B-type L form grows appreciably only at concentrations of dihydrostreptomycin of 500 mug/ml or more. These results strongly suggest that propagation of 3A-type L forms does not proceed through intermediate formation of a 3B-type L body. The low quantitative dihydrostreptomycin requirement for growth of the 3A-type L forms indicates an abnormal membrane as compared with the 3B-type L forms or the normal cells of this streptomycin-dependent mutant.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1963

DEMONSTRATION OF LYSOGENY IN STABLE L FORMS OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS.

Taubeneck, Udo (Institut für Mikrobiologie und Experimentelle Therapie, Jena, Germany). Demonstration of lysogeny in stable L forms of Proteus mirabilis. J. Bacteriol. 86:1265-1269. 1963.-Stable L forms of eight different lysogenic Proteus mirabilis strains have proved to be lysogenic. In an additional strain, phage production was induced upon transfer into the stable L form. This demonstrates that the stable L forms, like their parent bacillary types, are capable of forming mature phage. Their phage resistance is not due to an inability to form mature phage but to a loss of phage receptors. In some instances, the transition into the stable L form is associated with altered phage production, usually with increased phage production, in comparison with the parental bacillary type.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1965

MIXED-CULTURE INTERACTIONS. I. COMMENSALISM OF PROTEUS VULGARIS WITH SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE IN CONTINUOUS CULTURE.

Shindala, Adnan (Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg), Henry R. Bungay III, Noel R. Krieg, and Kathleen Culbert. Mixed-culture interactions. I. Commensalism of Proteus vulgaris with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in continuous culture. J. Bacteriol. 89:693-696. 1965.-A chemically defined medium was selected which supported the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not Proteus vulgaris, in pure culture; however, P. vulgaris grew in mixed culture with the yeast. Steady-state populations of each organism in mixed culture at various dilution rates were enumerated with a Coulter electronic counter. The size differences in the organisms permitted easy resolution. An essential niacinlike factor elaborated by the yeast and required by the bacterium caused a dependence of the bacterium on the growth of the yeast. At high dilution rates causing wash-out, the bacterial population continued to reflect changes in the numbers of yeast. The numbers of S. cerevisiae were identical in pure culture or in mixed culture; thus, the interaction is a true commensalism. A single addition of niacin or related compound was made to a steady-state mixed culture, and the dependence of the bacterium on the yeast was upset. The numbers of the bacteria rose, causing a decrease in the yeast population, until continued pumping diluted the added niacin and restored the initial steady state.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1965

GROWTH OF MALE-SPECIFIC BACTERIOPHAGE IN PROTEUS MIRABILIS HARBORING F-GENOTES DERIVED FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Horiuchi, Kensuke (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), and Edward A. Adelberg. Growth of male-specific bacteriophage in Proteus mirabilis harboring F-genotes derived from Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 89:1231-1236. 1965.-Male-specific bacteriophage MS2 was shown to infect and grow in Proteus mirabilis strains which harbor F-genotes derived from Escherichia coli K-12. The burst size was 2,000 to 3,000, which is similar to that in E. coli K-12, whereas the latent period was 45 min, definitely longer than that in E. coli. In spite of the multiplication of MS2 in male P. mirabilis in broth, P. mirabilis strains failed to show plaque formation by MS2 on agar plates; this failure may be related to the low efficiency of phage adsorption. No host-controlled modification of MS2 by P. mirabilis was detected.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1979

In vitro sensitivity of Proteus organisms to gentamicin and sisomicin.

The antibacterial activity of gentamicin and sisomicin was studied in 148 recent clinical isolates of Proteus obtained from patients hospitalized in Athens. Both gentamicin and sisomicin were found to be active with sisomicin generally being the more active of the two; P. mirabilis strains were less susceptible than the indole-positive strains, but P. mirabilis organisms isolated from the respiratory tract were more sensitive to sisomicin than those isolated from the urine. Susceptibility testing with the two aminoglycoside antibiotics was affected by inoculum size and by the test broth used. Sisomicin sensitivity testing with the disc-agar diffusion method and broth dilution method was reliable for the indole-positive strains of Proteus but did not separate all sensitive from resistant strains of P. mirabilis. An in vitro synergism was demonstrated between sisomicin and the semisynthetic penicillin, ticarcillin.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1977

[Biological characteristics of Proteus strains isolated from water sources in the Azerbajiani SSR].

Biological characteristics of 102 Proteus strains isolated from the water bodies is given. The strains studied were referred to Pr. mirabilis, more rarely to Pr. vulgaris; about half of the cultures deviated from these biological types by the signs of indol formation and maltose fermentation. Proteus of groups O3, O5, O13, O23, and O30 were revealed in studying the serological characteristics. All the cultures were polyresistant, nonbacteriocinogenic; most of them were sensitive to the wide colicine spectrum. One strain produced a cytopathogenic action on the tissue culture.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Serological diagnosis and immunological aspects of Proteus infection. V. Design and trial of polyvalent antigenic preparations].

The main principles of the development of Proteus polyvalent antigen and erythrocyte diagnosticum, including the selection of the initial strains according to the clinical importance of their H-antigens and to the variety of their partial factors, the combination of monoantigens to form a polyvalent antigenic preparation with due regard to the potency of each component and the use of the preparation in serological tests in accordance with its summary potency, as well as the simultaneous loading of formaldehyde-fixed and tannin- or bisdiazo benzidine-treated sheep red blood cells with sensitins, have been worked out. The diagnostic value of these preparations has been confirmed by the study of serum samples from 579 patients with intestinal and urological infections (among them 153 patients releasing Proteus) and 245 healthy persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Protective properties of Proteus ribosomal vaccine].

The results of the study of the protective properties of Proteus ribosomal vaccine prepared from P. vulgaris museum strain F-30 are presented. The vaccine showed protective effect even in a dose of 0.0001 microgram of protein per mouse; when used in immunization doses of 1 and 10 micrograms of protein per mouse, the vaccine completely protected the animals, ensuring their survival. Experiments aimed at the determination of the maximum protective effect of the vaccine were carried out. The ribosomal vaccine injected in a dose of 1 microgram of protein per mouse protected 50% of mice challenged with 10 LD50; in a dose of 10 micrograms of protein per mouse the vaccine protected 100% of the animals challenged with 3.7 and 10 LD50. Proteus ribosomal vaccine prepared from P. vulgaris museum strain was shown to render protective effect with respect to P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis clinical strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Increased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with adaptogens in dysentery and Proteus infection in children].

The course of the disease and the host immunological reactivity (IgA, IgM, IgG, CPhI, IgG and IgM antibody titers in the HIT, blood bactericidic properties) were studied in 258 children aged 0 to 14 year suffering from acute dysentery caused by Shigella sonnei and flexneri and enterocolitis of the Proteus etiology. 157 patients were treated with monomycin and kanamycin in combination with adaptogens, such as Eleuterococcus and Echinopanax elatum Nakai L. and 101 patients were treated with the antibiotics alone. It was shown that the use of the adaptogens decreased the periods of the diseases. It is concluded that adaptogens increase the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in children with dysentery and Proteus infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Expanding the phenotype of the Proteus syndrome: a severely affected patient with new findings.

Here we report on a boy who died at 16 1/2 months with hemihypertrophy, eye abnormalities, macrodactyly, hamartomas, pigmented nevi, cerebral involvement, and other anomalies compatible with the Proteus syndrome. In addition, he also had abnormalities previously unreported in the Proteus syndrome including craniosynostosis and complex congenital heart defects. He seems to represent an extremely severe form of the Proteus syndrome and expands the already broad range of the phenotype.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Cytotoxicity of polyamines to Amoeba proteus: role of polyamine oxidase.

It has been shown that oxidation of polyamines by polyamine oxidases can produce toxic compounds (H2O2, aldehydes, ammonia) and that the polyamine oxidase-polyamine system is implicated, in vitro, in the death of several parasites. Using Amoeba proteus as an in vitro model, we studied the cytotoxicity to these cells of spermine, spermidine, their acetyl derivatives, and their hypothetical precursors. Spermine and N1-acetylspermine were more toxic than emetine, an amoebicidal reference drug. Spermine presented a short-term toxicity, but a 48-h contact time was necessary for the high toxicity of spermidine. The uptake by Amoeba cells of the different polyamines tested was demonstrated. On the other hand, a high polyamine oxidase activity was identified in Amoeba proteus crude extract. Spermine (theoretical 100%) and N1-acetylspermine (64%) were the best substrates at pH 9.5, while spermidine, its acetyl derivatives, and putrescine were very poorly oxidized by this enzyme (3-20%). Spermine oxidase activity was inhibited by phenylhydrazine (nil) and isoniazid (approximately 50%). Mepacrine did not inhibit the enzyme activity at pH 8. Neither monoamine nor diamine oxidase activity (approximately 10%) was found. It must be emphasized that spermine, the best enzyme substrate, is the most toxic polyamine. This finding suggests that knowledge of polyamine oxidase specificity can be used to modulate the cytotoxicity of polyamine derivatives. Amoeba proteus was revealed as a simple model for investigation of the connection between cytotoxicity and enzyme activity.

Amebicides↗
PubMed1980

Pinocytosis and locomotion of amoebae. XV. Visualization of Ca++-dynamics by chlorotetracycline (CTC) fluorescence during induced pinocytosis in living Amoeba proteus.

The dynamics of Ca++ during induced pinocytosis were studied in Amoeba proteus using chlorotetracycline (CTC). The fluorescence of the Ca++ - CTC-complex was monitored by an image intensification system, which has certain advantages over standard equipment: (1) Living cells are not subjected to the damaging influence of intensive microscopic illumination, (2) fluorescent probes are not bleached during observation, and (3) the rapid dynamics of the Ca++ -fluxes can be recorded using short exposure times. The results demonstrate the existence of Ca++ bound to intracellular and extracellular sites of the cell membrane complex in normal locomoting and pinocytotic Amoeba proteus. The application of cations inducing pinocytosis causes a rapid decrease in the external CTC-fluorescence probably due to a release of Ca++ from the mucous layer. The degree of fluorescence intensity is correlated with the capacity of pinocytotic channel formation, i.e., the fluorescence decreases as the number of channels increases. During the phase of vesiculation a distinct fluorescence mainly restricted to the basal region of the channels is observed. Intracellular Ca++ was detected in close vicinity to the plasma membrane after both microinjection and external application of CTC. The internal CTC-fluorescence is slightly decreased during the induction phase of pinocytosis. The observations are in good agreement with previous results on the localization of Ca++ -binding sites at the plasma membrane of Amoeba proteus and demonstrate the important role of Ca++ -fluxes for the process of pinocytosis.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1997

Population-specific behavioral electrosensitivity of the European blind cave salamander, Proteus anguinus.

In nine salamanders from different Slovenian populations of the urodele Proteus anguinus, including three specimens of its 'black' variety, P anguinus parkelj, thresholds of an overt avoidance response to electrical field stimuli were estimated as a function of frequency (continuous sine-waves in water). Thresholds down to 0.3V/cm (ca 100 nA/cm2) and up to 2 mV/cm (670 nA/cm2), at 'best frequencies' of around 30 Hz were found. Sensitivity covered a total frequency range of below 1 Hz, excluding DC, up to 1-2 kHz with up to 40 dB higher thresholds. Thresholds and tuning curves are compared with those of a Proteus population raised in captivity for more than 35 years. The biological significance and the apparently still ongoing evolution of the electrical sense in urodeles, ie in the genus Proteus, are interpreted in terms of comparative sensory physiology and ethological ecology as a result of more recent evolutionary diversification during and since glaciation in the Pleistocene.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The fate and origin of the nuclear envelope during and after mitosis in Amoeba proteus. I. Synthesis and behavior of phospholipids of the nuclear envelope during the cell life cycle.

The synthesis and behavior of Amoeba proteus nuclear envelope (NE) phospholipids were studied. Most NE phospholipid synthesis occurs during G2 and little during mitosis or S. (A. proteus has no G1 phase). Autoradiographic observations after implantation of [3-H] choline nuclei into unlabeled cells reveal little turnover of NE phospholipid during interphase but during mitosis all the label is dispersed through the cytoplasm. Beginning at telophase all the label is dispersed through the cytoplasm. Beginning at telophase all the NE phospholipid label returns to the daughter NEs. This observation, along with the finding that no NE phospholipid synthesis occurs during mitosis or S, indicates that no de novo NE phospholipid production is required for newly forming NEs. Similarlyemetine, at concentrations that inhibit 97 percent of protein synthesis, does not prevent the post mitotic formation of NEs, suggesting that previously manufactured proteins are used in making new NEs. If a nucleus containing labeled NE phospholipids is transplanted into an unlabeled nucleate cell and the cell is allowed to grow and divide, the resultant four nuclei are equally labeled. This finding supports, but does not prove (see next paragraph), the conclusion that there probably is no continuity of the A. proteus NE during mitosis. When a phospholipid-labeled nucleus is implanted into a cell in mitosis, the grafted nucleus is not induced to enter mitosis. There is, however, a marked increase in the turnover of that nucleus's NE phospholipids with no apparent breakdown of the NE; this indicated that the mitotic cytoplasm possesses a factor that stimulates NE phospholipid exchange with the cytoplasm. That enhanced turnover is not accompanied by visible structural alteration makes less certain the earlier conclusion that no NE continuity exists during mitosis. Perhaps the most important finding in this study is that there are present, at restricted times in the cell cycle, factors capable of inducing accelerated exchange of structural components without microscopically detectable disruptions of structure.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1975

Oriented thick and thin filaments in Amoeba proteus.

Actin and myosin filaments as a foundation of contractile systems are well established from ameba to man (3). Wolpert et al. (19) isolated by differential centrifugation from Amoeba proteus a motile fraction composed of filaments which moved upon the addition of ATP. Actin filaments are found in amebas (1, 12, 13) which react with vertebrate heavy meromyosin (HMM), forming arrowhead complexes as vertebrate actin (3, 9), and are prominent within the ectoplasmic tube where some of them are attached to the plasmalemma (1, 12). Thick and thin filaments possessing the morphological characteristics of myosin and actin have been obtained from isolated ameba cytoplasm (18, 19). In addition, there are filaments exhibiting ATPase activity in amebas which react with actin (12, 16, 17). However, giant ameba (Chaos-proteus) shapes are difficult to preserve, and the excellent contributions referred to above are limited by visible distortions occurring in the amebas (rounding up, pseudopods disappearing, and cellular organelles swelling) upon fixation. Achievement of normal ameboid shape in recent glycerination work (15) led us to attempt other electron microscope fixation techniques, resulting in a surprising preservation of A. proteus with a unique orientation of thick and thin filaments in the ectoplasmic region.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Proteus syndrome.

The term Proteus syndrome was coined in 1983 to describe a disorder of skeletal, hamartomatous, and other mesodermal malformations. The syndrome was named after the Greek god Proteus, whose name means "the Polymorphous." Clinical features of this new syndrome are currently being defined. Including the case reported herein, we have found 34 patients with Proteus syndrome described in the English literature. Major clinical findings, defined as those findings seen in more than half of the cases, include hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly, exostoses, epidermal nevi, characteristic cerebriform masses involving the plantar or palmar surfaces, a variety of subcutaneous masses, and scoliosis. Histologic examination of subcutaneous masses has identified a variety of lipomatous, hamartomatous, and angiomatous tumors.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Understanding Proteus syndrome, unmasking the elephant man, and stemming elephant fever.

Four patients with Proteus syndrome are reported; 3 of the 4 died of unusual causes. Current findings of the syndrome are reviewed, and the present state of its delineation is assessed with emphasis on what is known about natural history. Differential diagnosis includes neurofibromatosis, Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, epidermal nevus syndrome, and the combination of Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, Riley-Smith syndrome, and Ruvalcaba-Myhre syndrome, now thought to constitute a single disorder. Conditions that may possibly overlap with Proteus syndrome--encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis and Thanos syndrome--receive special attention. Various suggested diagnoses for the elephant man's disorder are evaluated, and it is concluded that he suffered from Proteus syndrome, not neurofibromatosis. Finally, the psychosocial significance of elephant fever (EF) is discussed, and a plea is made for taking the EF out of NF.

Adult↗