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PubMedDate not supplied

Solitary tracheal plasmacytoma.

Primary tracheal tumours are rare and trachea is an exceedingly rare site of extramedullary plasmacytoma. We report a case of extramedullary plasmacytoma involving trachea and causing symptoms of airway obstruction in a 44-year-old man. Chest radiograph was normal. Flow-volume loop showed characteristic pattern localizing the lesion at thoracic inlet. Computerised tomography and bronchoscopy demonstrated a broad based pedunculated intratracheal mass obstructing 85% of the lumen. Tracheal tumour was excised via low tracheostomy. Histopathology of resected mass revealed extramedullary plasmacytoma. Relevant investigations excluded multiple myeloma. He was managed with radiotherapy with good response and there has been no recurrence after one-year follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The fluidity of DOPC bilayers and membrane fractions prepared from murine plasmacytoma cells is unchanged after incorporation of pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) as assessed by fluorescence polarization analysis.

The nature of the plasmacytomagenic activity of pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is poorly defined. However, evidence for tumor promoting properties of pristane has recently come forward that includes direct cellular effects on B lymphocytes; i.e., the plasmacytoma precursor cell. Bly et al. (Cancer Biochem. Biophys. 11, 1990, 145-154) observed changed membrane fluidities in lymphocytes after administration of pristane in vivo. We measured steady-state fluorescence polarization using DPH (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) and APCL (1-acyl-2-[12-(9-anthryl)-11-trans-dodecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine) as probes in DOPC (L-alpha-dioleoylphosphatidylcholin) model membranes and membrane fractions derived from plasmacytoma cells after incorporation of pristane in vitro. In a previous investigation, we verified the in vitro uptake of pristane into DOPC bilayers under the conditions employed here (Gawrisch and Janz, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1070, 1991, 409-418). However, neither in DOPC bilayers nor in plasmacytoma membrane fractions could we detect changes in fluorescence polarization after in vitro incorporation of pristane within reasonable error limits. Therefore, we suggest that the observed alterations in membrane fluidity in lymphocytes from pristane-treated animals are the indirect result of the in vivo treatment but not a direct effect of pristane on membrane fluidity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Suppression of the humoral immune response by plasmacytomas: mediation by adherent mononuclear cells.

Mice bearing plasmacytomas have a severely impaired ability to mount a primary immune response; T cells from these mice, however, appear by both in vivo and in vitro criteria to function normally. This unusual pattern of immunodeficiency appears to be mediated by a regulatory cell found in the spleens and peritoneal cavities but not in the lymph nodes or thymuses of mice bearing plasmacytomas. The number of cells with suppressor activity in the spleens of plasmacytoma-bearing mice is directly proportional to the size of the subcutaneous tumor borne by the host. These cells are capable of suppressing antibody production in in vitro cultures of normal spleen cells but have no demonstrable effect on the ability of normal spleen cells to proliferate in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin or 8-Br-guanosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (T and B cell mitogens, respectively). Characterization of the suppressor cell population on the basis of its cell surface properties, its radioresistance, its morphology, and its ability to adhere to various solid matrices suggest that these cells are adherent mononuclear cells. These data support the concept that plasma cell tumors indirectly induce an impairment in the humoral immune response of their hosts by stimulating the expression of regulatory functions in a population of splenic and peritoneal macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Sequence and expression of a murine cDNA encoding PC326, a novel gene expressed in plasmacytomas but not normal plasma cells.

Using a subtractive cDNA approach we have identified a gene, PC326, expressed in 13 of 14 murine plasmacytoma cell lines, but not in any B- or pre-B-lymphoma cell lines. It expresses 4.6-kb and 5.2-kb mRNAs that encode a 747 amino acid protein containing two highly acidic domains flanking a novel, moderately acidic 20 amino acid sequence that is repeated 7.5 times. Sequence comparison identifies an additional 43 amino acid domain that is homologous to a repeated sequence found in the members of the beta-transducin gene family. The PC326 mRNA is detectable in testis but in no other murine tissues, including plasma cells induced by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of splenocytes. Somatic cell hybrids derived from plasmacytomas and fibroblast or T-cell lines have a fibroblastic or T-cell phenotype respectively. Unlike B-cell-specific genes (e.g. immunoglobulin), the expression of which is extinguished in these hybrids, PC326 mRNA appears to be irreversibly turned on in these hybrids. Since PC326 is not expressed in normal plasma cells, it appears that its expression is a cause or consequence of the tumorigenic process that generates murine plasmacytomas.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Gastric plasmacytoma and Helicobacter pylori infection.

A 59-year-old man with a history of melena and upper abdominal pain was referred to our hospital. An upper endoscopy was performed, and a gastric ulcer was found bordering the antrum and stomach body. Multiple biopsies from the lesion showed monoclonal plasmacytic infiltration of the mucosa, consistent with the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Helicobacter pylori was also identified. Triple therapy failed and quadruple therapy eradicated the H. pylori, confirmed by repeated biopsies. Healing of the gastric lesion followed the treatment. Multiple biopsies from the scar and the entire stomach showed complete regression of the plasmacytoma. The association between gastric plasmacytoma and H. pylori is discussed.

Helicobacter Infections↗
PubMed1992

A retrovirus that expresses v-abl and c-myc oncogenes rapidly induces plasmacytomas.

ABL-MYC, a murine retrovirus that encodes the v-abl and c-myc oncogenes, was constructed from Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) in order to assess the biological consequences of co-expression of these genes in lymphoid cells. When inoculated into mice this retrovirus induced plasmacytomas in up to 100% of infected mice and less frequently induced pre-B lymphomas. Both tumor types contained genome-length proviruses in one or a few chromosomal locations, were mono- or oligoclonal as judged by immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and had unrearranged endogenous c-myc loci. The type of tumor induced depended upon the age and strain of mouse, and whether helper virus was present in the inoculated virus pool. ABL-MYC induced plasmacytomas with or without helper virus, with or without pretreatment of the mice with pristane, and in strains of mice resistant to pristane-induced plasmacytomas. Pristane treatment prior to ABL-MYC infection shortened the latent period of plasmacytomagenesis and produced mostly IgM-secreting tumors rather than IgA-secreting tumors, which predominantly arose in the absence of pristane. Control viruses for ABL-MYC with either a deletion in v-abl or a frameshift mutation in c-myc caused predominantly monocyte/macrophage tumors and pre-B-cell lymphomas respectively. Histopathological analysis of ABL-MYC-infected mice showed foci of transformed plasma cells as early as 14 days after infection. These results indicate that v-abl and c-myc act synergistically to transform mature B cells with high efficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Plasmacytoma of the larynx].

Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of the plasma cells of clonal character producing similar immunoglobulin or part of the immunoglobulin. Multiple myeloma occasionally occurs as solitary, extramedullary plasmacytoma. The location of plasmacytoma in the larynx is extremely rare. We are describing the case of the larynx plasmacytoma diagnosed for a 79 years old female patient. After histopathologic diagnosis of the laryngeal polyp the patient was examined hematologically in great detail aiming at the investigation of myeloma multiplex. No features of multiple myeloma have been found. Now the patient is under strict laryngological and hematological care.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Extramedullary plasmacytoma arising from the nasal septum.

We report a rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal septum in a 65-year-old woman. She presented with a 2-month history of left-sided nasal obstruction and intermittent blood-tinged nasal crusting. Nasal endoscopy revealed that a dark-red mass had arisen from the nasal septum; no evidence of invasion to adjacent tissues was seen. A biopsy specimen was diagnosed as a plasmacytoma (kappa light chain-type). Serum and urine electrophoresis failed to detect any myeloma component or Bence Jones protein. All other screening tests to rule out multiple myeloma were negative. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma. The mass was completely removed via an endoscopic approach. No recurrence was noted at the 2-year follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of paranasal sinuses. A combined therapeutic strategy.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck region is a rare malignant tumour comprising approximately 3% of all plasma cell tumours. Approximately 80-90% of extramedullary plasmacytomas involve the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of the upper airways, 75% of these involve the nasal and paranasal regions. Radiotherapy is considered the treatment of choice, surgery being limited to biopsy and to excision of residual disease. A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus is reported, in which surgical excision is followed by complementary radiotherapy on the site of the tumour.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solitary plasmacytoma of the spine: a 22 years follow-up case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Plasmacytoma is a systemic malignancy and it is the most frequent primary tumor affecting the skeleton. Progression from solitary plasmacytoma to systemic diffusion is reported to be 65-100% in 15 years. A case report of a rare 22-year follow-up of a thoracic solitary plasmacytoma is here presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical case analysis, radiographs, magnetic resonance images and histological sections of the lesion are discussed. Repeated surgical interventions were required due to progression and local recurrence of disease. RESULTS: Although the inadequate surgical treatment, low response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and many local recurrences, no systemic diffusion of the disease was observed in 22 years. DISCUSSION: Aggressive surgery may be indicated in young patients with isolated lesion and good prognostic factors. Palliative surgery remains necessary in order to decompress the cord and to stabilize the spine.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Plasmacytoma of the clivus: a case report.

A 60-year-old male presented with headache and diplopia for 2 months. Computed tomography of the head showed a heterogeneously enhancing expansile lytic lesion in clival region. The patient underwent surgery and histopathological examination revealed it to be plasmacytoma of the clivus. The multiple myeloma work-up was negative. Solitary plasmacytoma localized to the skull base is extremely rare. Prior to this, only three case reports of plasmacytoma of the clivus have been described in the English literature.

Cranial Fossa, Posterior↗
PubMed1991

Immune dysfunction in mice with plasmacytomas. I. Evidence that transforming growth factor-beta contributes to the altered expression of activation receptors on host B lymphocytes.

Plasmacytoma-bearing mice (PC-mice) develop a polyclonal B cell immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by marked impairment of: a) primary antibody responses and b) proliferative responses to B cell mitogens. The present investigations used two-color flow cytometry to examine B lymphocytes from the spleens and lymph nodes of PC-mice and found decreased surface membrane expression of surface IgM (sIgM), transferrin receptors (TfR) and IgE FcR (CD23), increased expression of class II MHC, but normal expression of B220, Mel-14, Fc gamma RII, and Fc mu R. These changes were not related to the H chain class or the amount of Ig produced by the plasmacytoma. When cultured with IL-4, B lymphocytes from PC-mice increased their expression of sIgM and class II MHC, but not of CD23. Several findings implicate transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the mechanism that modulates receptor expression on B lymphocytes in PC-mice: a) ascites fluid from PC-mice contains large quantities of TGF-beta 1; b) supernatants of cultured spleen cells from PC mice contain up to eightfold more TGF-beta than is found with normal spleen cells; c) cloned plasmacytoma cells produce TGF-beta in vitro; and d) the abnormal phenotype of B cells from PC-mice, i.e., decreased CD23, sIgM, and TfR, and increased class II MHC, is induced on normal B cells cultured in the presence of TGF-beta 1. Because sIgM, TfR, class II MHC, and CD23 are molecules that play fundamental roles in the activation of normal B cells, their modulation by TGF-beta 1: a) identifies molecular mechanisms that could account for some of the known immunosuppressive properties of TGF-beta 1 and b) implicates TGF-beta in the pathogenesis of the polyclonal B cell immunodeficiency that is characteristic of plasma cell tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Protection against MOPC-315 plasmacytoma by immunization with C-type particle preparations.

Mice were given injections of C-type particles extracted from the ascitic fluid of plasmacytoma-bearing mice. These particles, extracted from MOPC-315 tumor-bearing mice and injected into BALB/c mice, protected them against challenge with MOPC-315 tumor cells. The protection was dependent upon tumor cell dose; 66% survival was observed with a lethal dose of tumor cells. No protection was observed against challenge with another plasmacytoma (S13). Attempts to protect mice against S-13 plasmacytoma by immunizing them with C-type particles originating from S-13 tumor-bearing mice were unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Solitary intracerebral plasmacytoma.

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare. Most of them are seen in the nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, lamina propria of gastro-intestinal tract, lymph nodes, testicles and other soft tissues. So far only 20 such cases are reported in the literature. Here they arise from the dura, or from the periadventitial cells of intracranial vessels. Intracerebral plasmacytomas (ICPC) are extremely rare. Till 1982, Hensen and Urich could trace only 10 occurrences. Here the 11th case, probably the first Indian case report of the occurrence of a solitary plasmacytoma within the left temporal lobe of a 16 year old boy, is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The effect of adherent peritoneal exudate cells on plasmacytoma growth in BALB/c mice.

The effect of adherent peritoneal exudate cells (APECs) from pristane treated and intact mice was studied by Winn's test. The experiments were performed with the use of plasmacytoma cell lines TEPC-15f, MP-26 and five primary lines. The studies showed that APECs from mice exposed to treatment with pristane were able to stimulate growth of both TEPC-15f and MP-26 plasmacytoma. The primary plasmacytoma lines adapted to intraperitoneal growth more easily in the presence of adherent cells than when they were given alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma. A case report and review of the literature].

Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the skin is a very rare disease; to our knowledge, only a few cases have been published in the world literature. In this paper, a patient who had a primary cutaneous plasmacytoma of the lower lip for 20 years is described. Serological, radiological and histological examinations excluded the possibility of an underlying multiple myeloma. The position of cutaneous plasmacytomas within the group of malignant plasma cell neoplasias is discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of protective antitumor immune response against a murine plasmacytoma not curable by alkylating-drug treatment.

Immunization with viable tumor cells followed by subsequent administration of glutaraldehyde-treated tumor cells induced a protective antitumor immune response in the host toward the alkylating-drug resistant RPC-5 plasmacytoma. This was proven by resistance to challenge with RPC-5 tumor cells, neutralization in Winn tests, by effectiveness of combined chemotherapy with melphalan plus immunotherapy with spleen cells from RPC-5 immunized mice and in vitro by cytotoxicity tests. The specificity of the immune response was ascertained in vivo by comparison with the response toward MOPC-315 plasmacytoma. However, in vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed the occurrence of shared antigens between the RPC-5 and MOPC-315 tumor cells. It is concluded that the ineffectiveness of alkylating-drug treatment toward the RPC-5 tumor is not due to the inability of this tumor to induce a specific antitumor immune response, and that cross-antigenic relationship as revealed by in vitro cytotoxicity tests does not necessarily reflect cross-protection between various plasmacytomas.

Animals↗