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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A study of attached and oriented human periodontal ligament cells to periodontally diseased cementum and dentin after demineralizing with neutral and low pH etching solution.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate quantitatively the migrated, attached, and oriented human periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) to periodontally diseased cementum and dentin after demineralization with low and neutral pH etching solution. METHODS: Human teeth, extracted due to periodontal diseases, were scaled and root planed so that cementum remained on one longitudinal half of the root and dentin was exposed on the other half. Forty root slices of 200 microm thickness, obtained from the mid-third of these roots, were divided into four groups: group 1, demineralized with a saturated solution of citric acid (pH 1.20); group 2, with 24% EDTA (pH 7.04); group 3, with tetracycline HCl 100 mg/ml (pH 2.00); and group 4, only scaled and root planed (control). Root slices were placed over the confluent HPLC in 35 mm culture dishes and incubated. Phase contrast microscopic photographs of attached and oriented refractile HPLC to root surfaces were taken at days 1, 3, and 7. Quantitative analysis of attached and oriented HPLC from these photographs was done using special software. RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in the attachment and orientation index of HPLC to cementum compared to dentin in any method of demineralization at each time point (P >0.05), although there was a significantly higher cell attachment and orientation index to demineralized dentin with EDTA and citric acid than to non-etched dentin and to all 3 demineralized cementum surfaces compared to non-etched cementum (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EDTA and citric acid demineralization may enhance HPLC attachment and orientation to the root surface, and it is not always necessary to remove excessive cementum when the demineralizing procedure is used.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed2007

Gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandin E(2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis following phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive use of flurbiprofen.

BACKGROUND: It has been established that smoking is an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis (CP). This study investigates the effects of phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive flurbiprofen administration on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from smoker and non-smoker patients with CP. METHODS: Twenty-one non-smoker and 21 smoker patients with CP were divided into four groups according to treatment modalities. Group 1 (non-smokers with CP) and group 3 (smokers with CP) patients received daily 100-mg flurbiprofen tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients in group 2 (non-smokers with CP) and group 4 (smokers with CP) received placebo tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with SRP. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded and GCF samples were collected at baseline and on day 10 of drug intake from each sampling area by a single examiner who was unaware of the treatment modality. Assays for GCF PGE(2) and TBARS were carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric method, respectively. RESULTS: All groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI and GI scores following the phase I periodontal treatment on day 10 (P <0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in PD and CAL scores after the therapy. In groups 1 and 2, the reduction of GCF PGE(2) and TBARS levels were not significant after the therapy compared to baseline levels. In group 3, GCF PGE(2) and TBARS levels exhibited a statistically significant decrease (P <0.05) after the therapy. Group 4 showed significant reductions (P <0.05) in GCF PGE(2) levels after the therapy. No statistically significant reductions were observed in group 4 with regard to GCF TBARS levels. When groups 1 and 3 were compared according to GCF TBARS levels after the therapy, a more statistically significant reduction was observed in group 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that additional flurbiprofen administration may have more inhibitory effects on GCF levels of PGE(2) and TBARS in the groups of smokers compared to non-smokers with CP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Microbiological and clinical effects of a 1% chlorhexidine-gel in untreated periodontal pockets from adult periodontitis patients.

The aim of this study was to report the microbiological and clinical effects of repeated subgingival administration of a 1% Chlorhexidine-gel in periodontal pockets from 10 patients with adult periodontitis. Results showed that the experimental treatment significantly improved clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Pocket Probing Depth). Direct subgingival administration of Chlorhexidine-gel also produced a remarkable modification in the proportions of putative periodontopathic microorganisms, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus micros, in subgingival bacterial plaque from periodontitis patients.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1999

Bacteriological and clinical follow-up of periodontal pockets during a topically applied 1% metronidazole-gel therapy in patients with adult periodontitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological effects of the intrasulcular application of a 1% metronidazole-gel (repeated administrations outdistanced of 7 days weeks long) currently employed in dermatological practice, to observe if a lower concentration of the chemotherapic agent could be equally effective as the 25% formulation in improving the periodontal condition of nine patients with adult periodontitis. The results showed that this regimen can modify, at a statistically significant level, the clinical (Pocket Probing Depth, Gingival Bleeding Index and Plaque Index) and bacteriological (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella parvula) parameters associated with adult periodontitis. The results are similar to those obtainable with a 25% Metronidazole-gel administered two times outdistanced by 7 days.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Combined periodontal-prosthodontic treatment of early-onset periodontitis--an alternative to implant therapy.

A variety of treatment systems should be available for patients whose dentitions are seriously compromised so that they may select customized treatment modalities that satisfactorily restore occlusal function, consider systemic conditions, and lessen the surgical and financial burdens. These requirements become more demanding when clinicians are faced with advanced cases of rapidly progressive periodontitis. Therefore, it is critical to establish sophisticated multidisciplinary treatment modalities for the successful management of these compromised patients. Obviously, because of various limitations, implant therapy cannot be the only solution. This article reports on the successful long-term management of seriously compromised early-onset periodontitis by a combined periodontal-prosthetic treatment as an alternative to implant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Periodontal bone loss in Chinese subjects with untreated early-onset and adult periodontitis: a cross-sectional study using digital scanning radiographic image analysis.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the differences in radiographic alveolar bone loss (RABL) in Taiwanese subjects with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and adult periodontitis (AP) using the digital scanning radiographic image analysis (DSRIA). A total of 4,262 teeth from 178 individuals (96 males and 82 females) were examined for RABL due to EOP and AP. The subjects with EOP and a comparison group with AP were identified from the Periodontal Clinic population (College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University). The following criteria were used to classify subjects with EOP and AP during the past 20 years. The RABL of teeth were calculated using a computer system equipped with Microstation 95 software, under 10 X magnification of the radiographs. Quantity assessment of RABL using the DSRIA showed that: (1) the means of RABL of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in the EOP group were significant greater than those in the AP group when the two sample t-test was used. (2) The greatest values of mean RABL of affected sites in the EOP group occurred most commonly in the first molars and mandibular incisors, whereas, in the AP group, the greatest values of mean RABL of affected sites occurred most commonly in the first and second molars. (3) Molars had the greatest mean RABL followed by incisors, premolars and canines. (4) The mean RABL increased with increasing age. We conclude that the features of naturally progressing alveolar bone loss at the molar and incisor sites in untreated subjects with the EOP and AP revealed that the mean RABL in the EOP group was faster and greater than that in the AP group.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Development and use of periodontal dressing of collagen and Lactobacillus casei 37 cell suspension in combined treatment of periodontal disease of inflammatory origin (a microbiological study)].

Periodontal dressing consisting of collagen and Lactobacillus casei 37 cell suspension (cell concentration 108 cells/ml) was created and used in combined treatment of patients with chronic generalized parodontitis. Efficacy of the developed isolation was explained by a considerable decrease of the number and frequency of isolation of aggressive microbial representatives (pigment synthesizing Bacteroids, Actinomyces and Str. intermedius) in periodontal pockets and also Fungus (Candida albicans). This periodontal dressing provided remission up to 10-12 months.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Microbiology of periodontitis. 2. Microbiological diagnosis of periodontitis].

By common methods like scaling and root planing, flap procedures or surgical furcation treatment, a successful therapy of periodontal disease is possible in about 90% of the cases. The remaining 10%, mainly patients with juvenile or rapidly progressive periodontitis, are causing great problems, due to poor treatment response and frequent, local or general recidives. In the future, microbiological tests for a precise diagnosis of the pocket flora will be used in the dental office. They can provide better indications for additional antibiotic therapy. The present article reviews several microbiological investigation methods and their future use in the office during periodontal treatment.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1991

[Motivation and maintenance in periodontal therapy. Experiences of a periodontal practitioner in Brussels].

Periodontal disease is often a chronic and recurrent disease and therapy success is influenced by the quality of oral hygiene, professionally delivered maintenance and compliance of patients towards regular recall programs. In this paper the significance, objectives and organisation of maintenance in the periodontal practice are discussed and guidelines to minimize noncompliance are given. The responsibility of the dental corps in the organisation of maintenance in a qualitative and economically acceptable way is discussed. In order to provide our patients with important maintenance care, auxiliary dental personal, such as hygienists, should legally be allowed to work in the Belgian dental office. In a retrospective study, compliance of patients towards maintenance in a periodontal specialist practice in Brussels was investigated. Of 274 patients enrolled in a recall program only 65% reacted after receiving a recall reminder. Patients treated surgically responded in 76.5% and 47.2% of the patients treated by non-surgical means returned; there was a slight but statistically significant difference in compliance between Dutch (67.5%) and French (59%) speaking patients.

Belgium↗
PubMed1991

[Determination of serum antibody against Bacteroides gingivalis from rapidly progressive periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis patients].

Bacteroides gingivitis (Bg) is one of the major pathogens associated with periodontitis. This is the first report in China on serum antibody level against Bg from patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) and juvenile periodontitis (JP) using ELISA method. 21 RPP patients, 20 JP patients and 30 healthy subjects (H) were involved in this study. The results showed that the ratio of positive antibody response was 100% in RPP, 80% in JP and 30% in control group. The antibody response in both RPP and JP groups were significantly greater than that in healthy group (P less than 0.001). The difference between RPP and JP groups were also statistically significant (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Function of polynuclear neutrophils in patients with juvenile periodontitis and rapidly progressing periodontitis].

It is generally assumed that early onset forms of periodontal disease (including Juvenile and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis) are associated with a defect in neutrophil behaviour. We have investigated neutrophil functions in patients with Juvenile (J.P.) and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis (R.P.P.). In the group of J.P. patients the directed mobility (FMLP and zymosan activated plasma) is significantly decreased. The superoxide generation in response to FMLP decreases while the PMA response is normal. In the group of R.P.P. patients no significant abnormality has been reported.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1989

[S E M study of vascular architecture of periodontal ligament under chronic marginal periodontitis].

The present study was carried out by fabrication of microcorrosive resin cast to investigate the vascular changes of periodontium of dogs' mandibular incisors with severe mobility and deep pocket formation concomitant with suppuration and alveolar bone loss. With aid of the dissolution of soft tissues by protease, alveolar bone remained left with resin cast of specimen, which then was referred for scanning electron microscopic examination. Results were as follows: 1. The vasculature of inner gingival epithelium which originally appeared as a flat, mesh-like network underwent a conformational change and turned out to be a vasculature with glomerulus-like loops due to chronic inflammation. 2. No remarkable change was ever identified in vasculature of periodontal ligament surrounding cervix of tooth. 3. Certain parts of vasculature of periodontal ligament disappeared, which combining with the occlusion indicated the occurrence of occlusal trauma. 4. Exposed alveolar bone surface where the periodontal vasculature disappeared showed an amorphous, flat surface. Quite contrast to this, the surface of alveolar bone on which the vasculature is located appeared undergoing a resorptive process. 5. Accordingly, the damage occurred in periodontium was not merely due to chronic inflammation but to the accompanying occlusal trauma which was supposed to be a predominant factor.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1993

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil chemotaxis in Chinese patients with post-juvenile periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis in Chinese patients with post-juvenile periodontitis (post-JP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). Peripheral blood PMNs were isolated from nine post-JP and 13 RPP patients. Eight patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and seven clinically healthy subjects were used for comparison. Clinical data, including the plaque index and gingival index, of each subject were recorded. The "modified Boyden chamber technique" was used for PMN chemotaxis assay. Our results showed that the PMN chemotaxis index in patients with post-JP and RPP were significantly depressed compared to that in healthy subjects or patients with AP. There was no significant difference in PMN chemotaxis between post-JP and RPP, or between AP and healthy subjects. There was also no significant correlation between the plaque index, or gingival index, and PMN chemotaxis in any group. These results suggest that there is a PMN chemotaxis defect in most Chinese patients affected by post-JP or RPP, and that the PMN chemotaxis defect is not associated with clinical parameters such as the plaque index or gingival index.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Current concepts and future trends for periodontal disease and periodontal therapy, Part 2: Classification, diagnosis, and nonsurgical and surgical therapy.

As noted in both this and the previous review, our understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the periodontal diseases is continuously evolving. Periodontology in the year 2001 is different than what it was 20 years ago, and the specialty will be different 20 years in the future. Assessment of patients will be more specific, and the development of risk profiles will allow identification of individuals who require greater or lesser amounts of care. Therapy can then be directed to the specific needs of each patient. Surgical periodontics will be focused on regeneration, not resection. Lastly, as patients continue care on a maintenance schedule, their status will be assessed by sensitive tests that will predict the onset of an active phase of disease so that appropriate interceptive treatment can be provided.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Expression of UNCL during development of periodontal tissue and response of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to mechanical stress in vivo and in vitro.

Mutations in two genes, uncoordinated (unc) and uncoordinated-like (uncl), lead to a failure of mechanotransduction in Drosophila. UNCL, the human homolog of unc and uncl, is preferentially expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts compared with gingival fibroblasts. However, the precise role of UNCL in the PDL remains unclear. The aim of the present study has been to examine whether mechanical stimuli modulate the expression of UNCL in the human PDL in vivo and in vitro and to examine the roles of UNCL in the development, regeneration, and repair of the PDL. We have investigated the expression pattern of UNCL during the development of periodontal tissue and the response of PDL fibroblasts to mechanical stress in vivo and in vitro. The expression of UNCL mRNA and protein increases with PDL fibroblast differentiation from the confluent to multilayer stage but slightly decreases on mineralized nodule formation. UNCL has also been localized in ameloblasts and adjacent cells, differentiating cementoblasts, and osteoblasts of the developing tooth. Strong distinct UNCL expression has further been observed in the differentiating cementoblasts of the tooth periodontium at the site of tension after orthodontic tooth movement. Application of cyclic mechanical stress on PDL fibroblasts increases the expression of UNCL mRNA. These results indicate that UNCL plays important roles in the development, differentiation, and maintenance of periodontal tissues and also suggest a potential role of UNCL in the mechanotransduction of PDL fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Free amino-acid composition of wax-stimulated whole saliva in human subjects with healthy periodontium, severe chronic periodontitis and post-juvenile periodontitis.

The free amino-acid composition of wax-stimulated whole saliva of 3 subjects with different periodontal status was determined. The amino acids were analysed by gas chromatographic separation on a packed column and determined as their N-heptafluorobutyrylisobutyl esters. In 2 patients with periodontal diseases, the salivary concentrations of proline and glycine were significantly elevated, suggesting increased collagen and protein degradation and their increased release from the inflamed gingiva. delta-Amino-n-valeric acid is related to bacterial metabolism so that the changes found in its concentrations could suggest an altered plaque metabolism and different bacterial contents in gingival pockets of patients with chronic and post-juvenile periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Oxidative damage of periodontal tissue in the rat periodontitis model: effects of a high-cholesterol diet.

Studies suggest an association between consumption of a high-cholesterol diet and periodontitis. We addressed the mechanism by which high dietary cholesterol could be detrimental to periodontal health in a rat model. Feeding a high-cholesterol diet augmented the effects of bacterial pathogens and their products (e.g., lipopolysaccharide and proteases) on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibroblasts. High dietary cholesterol also increased mitochondrial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the periodontal tissues. These results suggest that excessive tissue oxidative damage induced by high dietary cholesterol could potentiate pro-inflammatory cytokine production by fibroblasts stimulated with bacterial pathogens.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed1990

The effects of periodontal ligament injection on pulpal and periodontal tissues.

This study was designed to investigate histologically the effects of the periodontal ligament injection on the pulp of teeth with or without subsequent amalgam restorations, and the effects of the injection on the periodontium. Eighty-eight injections were made on 55 teeth in dogs in intervals from 10-min to 30-day prefixation, while 18 teeth were not injected and evaluated as controls. After perfusion fixation, block sections were decalcified, sectioned longitudinally, stained, and evaluated microscopically by three independent examiners. The pulps were graded for degree of inflammation and the periodontal ligaments were examined for signs of tissue disruption. The results of the pulp study were evaluated statistically and showed no apparent effect on the pulp from the injection. Several periodontal ligaments showed evidence of the injection, ranging from tissue disruption shortly postinjection to areas of active external root resorption in 30-day specimens. It was concluded that this technique does not have long-term deleterious effects on the pulp, but can induce localized external root resorption.

Anesthesia, Dental↗