Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PARASITOLOGY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: parasitological aspects of the 2d case reported in Italy].

The parasitological aspects of a case of pulmonary human dirofilariasis, recently reported by Fabbretti and collaborators (1990) in a 58 year-old man from Ferrara province, are described. This is the second case of pulmonary human dirofilariasis recorded in Italy. The nematode was rolled up inside a small pulmonary artery and was associated with a nodular infarcted lesion, discovered during an X-ray check as a "coin lesion". A pulmonary lobectomy was performed on the patient with a presumptive diagnosis of a malignant neoplastic nodule. The exact diagnosis was only made with the histological examination. In spite of the bad preservation of the nematode, it was possible to diagnose it as an immature female of Dirofilaria probably belonging to the species repens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blastocystis hominis in Canavese: a retrospective study of samples received for fecal parasitological examination at the Ivrea- Castellamonte Hospital over 42 months].

In the last ten years the interest in the controversial Blastocystis hominis microorganism of the intestine has greatly increased. The authors conducted a retrospective study of feces for parasitology investigations at the Ivrea-Castellamonte hospital. These investigations lasted 42 months (1/1/1988-31/6/1991) and the authors focused their attention on samples with 5 or more Blastocystis hominis at the microscopically examination with a 40X phase objective. During the study 2,138 samples of feces (belonging to 1552 patients) arrived. 284 samples (13.3%), corresponding to 200 patients (12.9%), proved to be positive for one or more parasites. In 155 samples (7.2%) regarding 109 patients (7.0%)--53 males, 56 females--Blastocystis was present. These patients were between 2 and 78 years of age. In 19 (17.4%) of these patients other parasites were associated, parasites such as Giardia lamblia (in 6 cases), Entamoeba coli (in 4 cases), Entamoeba spp. (in 2 cases), Entamoeba histolytica (in one case), Entamoeba hartmanni (in one case), Iodamoeba butschlii (in one case), Hymenolepis nana (in one case); helminths (in 3 cases). The most effect proved to be those patients between 21 and 50 years of age (53 of 98 patients). Few infants were affected. The greatest incidence of Blastocystis hominis infection occurred during the months of January to June. The authors conclude by considering how the incidence data of such parasitosis in the Canavese region can be superimposed on as much as has been observed in territories which are very different regarding social-economic and geoclimatic conditions. The authors think it is necessary to start a prospective clinical-epidemiological investigation in the Canavese region with a view to defining the clinical approach to the parasite under discussion in a better way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Health status of salmonids in river systems in Natal. I. Collection of fish and parasitological examination.

A detailed microbiological and parasitological survey of salmonids and indigenous fish in the upper reaches of selected river systems in Natal was undertaken. Fish were collected from the rivers by electro-fishing, from dams by gill netting and from hatcheries along the rivers. A total of 678 fish from 26 different sites along 8 river systems were collected. No parasites could be detected on fish from four of the rivers tested. Parasites were, however, detected on fish from large production sites in Natal and in the rivers feeding these sites. Parasites which were detected were Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, various Trichodina spp., Apiosoma sp. and Gyrodactylus sp. The heads of all fish estimated to be less than one year of age were collected and examined for the spores of Myxosoma cerebralis. All of the samples were found to be free of this parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Experimental chemotherapy of Trypanosoma cruzi infection: persistence of parasite antigens and positive serology in parasitologically cured mice.

Mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, but parasitologically cured after specific chemotherapy, continued to exhibit positive indirect immunofluorescence serological tests 3-6 months after the therapy. Treatment of trypanosome antigens with monospecific antisera produced in rabbits, and examination by immunoelectron-microscopy following peroxidase labelling disclosed the presence of membrane deposits in cell processes in the spleens of the mice. Similar deposits were observed in the external membranes of T. cruzi amastigotes in the spleens of acutely infected mice, but not in normal control mice. No reaction occurred in tissues not previously treated with the monospecific anti-T. cruzi serum. Positive cells in treated and cured mice, as well as in the not cured or untreated control mice, were located in germinal centres of the splenic white pulp and presented long and branching cytoplasmic processes, which are indicative of dendritic cells of the lymphoid follicles of the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical-parasitological experiences in Cameroon].

Clinical-parasitological experiences collected 1989 in Cameroon during a 6-weeks lasting medical work are reported. Malaria tropica is by far the greatest problem due to the impossibility of an effective epidemiologic control, further to rising drug resistances. Beside malaria there are plenty of other parasitoses, but they are more restricted to lower social groups and to certain geographic regions--to the extreme Northern part of Cameroon in particular. Furthermore the actual situation depends also from epidemiologic control programmes. So the trypanosomiasis seems to be under epidemiologic control, the onchocerciasis in opposite to it has been increased again due to the absence of an effective control programme at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Parasitological evaluation of a foodhandler population cohort in Panama: risk factors for intestinal parasitism.

A nonconcurrent, prospective intestinal parasitic disease study in a group of 200 foodhandlers employed in the Panama Canal Area was conducted in mid-1985 as part of an established occupational health medical surveillance program. The study included a review of laboratory testing (i.e., coprological exam), preexisting medical record data, and patient interview information to calculate estimates of incidence and risk factors associated with acquisition of Giardia lamblia and other protozoan/helminthic intestinal parasites. Significant increases in risk of infection were detected for specific native Indian and West Indian employee groups when compared with their Hispanic Panamanian (i.e., Latinos) or North American (i.e., U.S. born) counterparts. A three- to fourfold higher rate of infection was also documented during a one-year period when semiannual rather than annual examinations were conducted. No difference in the therapeutic efficacy of parasitological cure of Metronidazole versus Quinacrine was found when used in the treatment of individuals with asymptomatic G. lamblia infections (85% in both groups). The appropriateness of mass therapy of asymptomatically infected foodhandlers is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[SAF--an alternative fixation solution for parasitological stool specimens].

A comparative parasitological study in 3 collectives using 2 different fixatives for stool samples (SAF and MIF) was carried out. The SAF fixative consistently showed a significantly higher sensitivity for parasitic protozoa than the MIF fixative (Entamoeba histolytica 90.0% vs. 64.4%, Giardia lamblia 97.7% vs. 64.4%), which was due to an increased detection of cysts of both species. No difference in sensitivity for helminths was found. The cheap, simple formula and, due to the absence of mercury, the low toxicity are further advantages of the SAF fixative. Moreover, contrary to the MIF fixative, the SAF fixative permits the use of a wide range of staining techniques starting from fixed specimens. These results led to the replacement of the MIF fixative by the SAF fixative at the Diagnostic Center of the Swiss Tropical Institute.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

Synopsis of type specimens deposited in the helminthological collection of the Institute of Parasitology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, in Ceské Budĕjovice. II. Cestoda, Trematoda and Acanthocephala.

The paper comprises a list of the cestode, trematode and acanthocephalan type specimens deposited in the helminthological collection of the Institute of Parasitology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, in Ceské Budĕjovice. These materials include a total of 7 species of cestodes, 16 species of trematodes, and 5 species of acanthocephalans.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The outlook for the development of the immunodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic trends in parasitology].

The current state of immunodiagnostic and immunopreventive trends in parasitology and prospects for their development are analysed. The prospects of immunodiagnosis seem to be in increased sensitivity and specificity of tests by improving the methods and using the achievements of biotechnology in the manufacturing of high quality antigenic and antibody reagents. The development of immunoprevention of parasitoses can be stimulated by further studies of the mechanisms of a protective immune response, ways of its enhancement, search for natural and design of synthetic protective antigens and elaboration of new methods of their biological transport. The importance of the studies of local immunity phenomena is stressed for the development of new effective methods of immunodiagnosis and immunoprevention of socially valuable human parasitoses.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human trypanosomiasis focus of Vavoua (Ivory Coast). A clinical, parasitological and sero-immunological survey (author's transl)].

Vavoua human trypanosomiasis focus, located 60 km north of Daloa (Ivory Coast Republic) is facing a period of hyperactivity. A medical survey has been conducted in 9 villages of this focus: 7.424 persons have been examined and 128 new cases diagnosed in the field after clinical and parasitological examinations. Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test applied to dried blood blots, in the laboratory, revealed 266 immunological suspects to be reexamined. 185 suspects were reexamined, 104 of whom were diagnosed after tyrpanosomes had been found in blood or/and in gland juice. The microhaematocrit centrifuge technique gave good results. Most of the 232 new cases were in the classical first period (unaltered CSF). Authors are insisting on the importance of survey prospections allowing an early diagnosis of sleeping sickness and on the interest of an immunodiagnostic test in addition to classical techniques to diagnose asymptomatical forms.

Cote d'Ivoire↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryptosporidiosis in children and adults: parasitological and clinico-epidemiological features.

By using the elective diagnosis methodology for Cryptosporidium (modified Ziehl-Neelsen and Heine stainings), 481 faeces samples from patients--children and adults--presenting acute or prolonged gastroenteritis and also from asymptomatic ones, but with professional, immunological or pharmacological risk for infection, were studied. Twelve Cryptosporidium positive cases were identified, meaning a general prevalence of 2.48% Cryptosporidium infection was detected in all investigated epidemiological groups: children, animal handlers, immunodeficient patients, immunocompetent adults with acute gastroenteritis. The risk factors hierarchy elicited the role of children collectivities attending, for acquiring the parasite in infantile cryptosporidiosis, while the opportunistic and zoonotic feature of the disease was especially present in adults' cryptosporidiosis. The assessment of cryptosporidiosis evolution, according to patients' immune status, has not allowed an obvious clinical discrepancy, since the immunocompetent subjects with professional risk had presented a prolonged oocysts excretion. The different clinico-epidemiological and parasitological features of Cryptosporidium infection are commented and the importance of applying Cryptosporidium methodology in current diagnosis practice is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The immunodiagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection in the different clinico-parasitological stages.

A total of 52 bilharzial mansoni patients were examined, 20 patients with early intestinal infection with living ova in stools, 20 patients with hepatosplenomegaly but without ascites, also with viable ova in stools, and 12 patients with hepatosplenomegaly and ascites without ova in stools; but in the rectal snip. Also 20 normal persons were examined. An IDT test was performed by S. mansoni adult worm antigen. S. mansoni adult worm and egg antigen extracts were used for performing CIEP, IHAT and ELISA tests showed statistically the same high sensitivity. In cases with hepatosplenomegaly whatever the clinical (with or without ascites) or the parasitological status (passing or not passing ova in stools) of the patients, the ELISA test with egg antigen is found to be a highly sensitive and a specific test.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of tinidazole (Fasigyn) in giardiasis by parasitologic, biochemical, and gut transit studies.

Twenty patients (18 M, 2 F; age 16-32 yrs) with symptomatic giardiasis were treated with tinidazole: ten each with a dose of 150 mg twice daily for 7 days, and a single dose of 2 g (50 mg/kg). Stool examination by formalin-ether concentration method was carried out before and one month after treatment. Cure was defined as absence of G lamblia in the stools. Fecal fat excretion (100 g load) and D-xylose absorption (5 g load) were measured before treatment and, if abnormal, repeated one month after treatment. Gut transit time was measured before and one month after treatment by giving radio-opaque beads orally and following their progress fluoroscopically to complete elimination. Parasitologically, all 20 patients were cured. Clinically, there was marked to complete relief of symptoms. Concomitantly, there was significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in fecal fat excretion, improvement in D-xylose absorption, and increase in gut transit time.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Psychiatric and parasitologic aspects of dermatozoon delusion].

Patients suffering from delusional parasitosis are not only seen by psychiatrists, but more often by dermatologists and parasitologists. Previous results published by researchers of differing specialities led to somewhat contradictory opinions concerning these patients. The main goals of the present study were, on the one hand, to examine the various and partly controversial hypotheses, which were mostly based on single case observations in a substantial sample of 107 patients with delusional parasitosis and, on the other hand, to investigate possible differences between patients who consulted the parasitologist initially and those who saw the dermatologist first and were subsequently treated by a psychiatrist. Hence, 34 patients treated by one of the authors (M.M.) at a special outpatient clinic for patients with delusional parasitosis of the Second Dermatological University Department, Vienna, have been compared with 73 patients who consulted the other author (E.K.) at the Institute of Parasitology of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna. Some similarities, but also marked differences were found between the two groups: the sex ratio was similar in both groups but they differed with regard to age, social background (size of household) localisation of "parasites" and the mode of "infection". The results demonstrate the necessity of developing differentiated medical care programmes which take into account these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Parasitology: diagnostic yield of stool examination.

To assess the need for routinely submitting three stool samples per patient for recovery of enteric parasites, we reviewed the records of our parasitology laboratory for 1985-87 to determine the number of parasites that would not have been detected if only one or two samples had been submitted. A total of 16% of all stool samples were positive. For each sample that was positive for a parasite (index sample) a search was done for other stool samples, positive or negative, received from the same patient within 6 days of reception of the index sample. We identified 676 sets of two (276) or three (400) samples of which at least 1 was positive. A total of 93% of the enteric parasites were detected in the first sample in the two-sample sets. Among the three-sample sets 90% of the parasites were detected in the first sample, 8% in the second and 2% in the third. We recommend waiting for the result from the first stool sample rather than routinely submitting three samples for recovery of enteric parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Therapeutic action of MK-436 (2,5-nitroimidazole) on Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice: a parasitological, serological, histopathological, and ultrastructural study.

The anti-protozoal drug MK-436 (3-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-2-yl)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole) was found to be effective against Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice (2 daily doses of 250 mg per kg body weight). Parasitaemia disappeared within 24 hours of treatment which was commenced during the early or late stages of acute infection. Intracellular T. cruzi parasites were also affected by the drug, ultrastructural findings showing severe cytoplasmic vacuolization and membrane alterations. Positive serological responses persisted in the majority of treated and parasitologically cured mice in the study. Cure rates varied from 72% to 100% and were similar regardless of the T. cruzi strain used (Y strain, type I; 12 SF strain, type II; or Colombian strain, type III). However, the proportion of positive serological tests and the frequency of inflammatory lesions were greatest for mice that were infected with the Colombian strain of the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Post-therapeutic evolution of patients presenting an immunological suspicion of trypanosomiasis without parasitological proof in support of it (author's transl)].

The authors have recently preconised systematic treatment of every human being who is fluorescent positive. The evolution of antibodies of 26 subjects parasitologically negative and positive only in FAT test is described here after treatment with Arsobal. Statistically the antibodies decrease progressively like antibodies of Sleeping Sickness patients of first period usually did. Therefore it is possible to conclude that immunological suspects who were treated were realy sick and rightly cured.

Congo↗