Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Obsessive Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary findings.

The effectiveness of a 14-week cognitive-behavioral family treatment protocol for childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was piloted using a volunteer sample of seven children aged 10-14 years. The primary outcome measures were diagnostic status, symptom severity, and global functioning which were assessed at pre- and post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up. A series of self-report measures assessing obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, depression, and family factors were also completed at pre- and post-treatment. The results indicated that six participants no longer met criteria for OCD at post-treatment, with a mean reduction of 60% in symptom severity. Self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and family involvement in the disorder also significantly decreased across time. The findings support the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment with a structured family component for childhood OCD. Further research investigating the comparative efficacy of treatment with and without family involvement is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tourette syndrome.

Several lines of evidence suggest a meaningful association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome, including comorbidity, phenomenologic overlap, evidence from family and genetic studies, and the possible role of basal ganglia circuitry in both conditions. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors occur frequently in patients who have Tourette syndrome and tend to have a later onset than tics. Despite commonalities, the approaches to treating tics and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are actually quite distinct. A specialized form of cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy with a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor are the two established first-line therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder. An adequate trial of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor is 10 to 12 weeks in duration at doses near the upper end of the recommended range for age and weight. Cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder that do not sufficiently improve with serotonin reuptake inhibitors might benefit from adjunctive low-dose antipsychotic (eg, risperidone) medication whether or not tics are present. Warnings about an increased risk of suicidality among children and adolescents taking antidepressants for pediatric depression extend to those taking the medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder, but the risk-to-benefit ratio is more favorable in this latter population because several serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be efficacious in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Obsessive-compulsive scale of the child behavior checklist: specificity, sensitivity, and predictive power.

OBJECTIVE: To create an obsessive-compulsive disorder subscale (OCS) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and to determine its internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive power to identify obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. METHODS: Three samples of equal size (n = 73) of children and adolescents, matched for age, gender, and race, were selected for these analyses: 1) a clinically ascertained OCD group, 2) a psychiatrically treated group whose records revealed no evidence of OCD, and 3) a general population control group. An OCS was created by applying factor analysis to 11 CBCL items. Examinations of internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were undertaken. RESULTS: Of 11 items hypothesized to predict OCD, 8 items were retained after factor analyses (smallest factor loading: 0.49) and used to calculate OCS scores. The retained items displayed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.84). OCD participants had significantly higher OCS scores than either psychiatrically treated or general population control groups. With the use of the 2 cutoff scores closest to the true rate of OCD in the overall sample, sensitivity was 75.3% to 84.9%, specificity was 82.2% to 92.5%, positive predictive value was 70.5% to 83.3%, and negative predictive value was 88.2% to 91.6%. CONCLUSION: The performance of the proposed CBCL OCS compares favorably with that of the only previously studied screening instrument for OCD, the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version. Unlike the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version, the CBCL is already in widespread use as a screen for most other forms of psychopathology. As the performance of the CBCL OCS will need to be replicated in other sample populations, data with various cutoff levels are provided to enable investigators and clinicians to tailor its use to specific study populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Conceptual and methodological issues in studies of obsessive-compulsive and Tourette's disorders.

An association between recurrent motor and phonic tics and obsessive-compulsive behaviors has been noted since Tourette's Syndrome (TS) was first described. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) until recently was considered a rare disorder with poor prognosis. Currently, OCD is considered among the most common psychiatric diagnoses, and new treatments have spurred the development of considerable clinical, epidemiological, genetic, and biological research. Recent studies suggest a high rate of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in Tourette's Syndrome patients. A high rate of OCD among relatives of TS probands, both with and without OCD symptoms, suggest that some forms of OCD may represent an alternative expression of factors responsible for TS and/or chronic motor tics. Areas of conceptual controversy in the differentiation of tics, impulsions, and compulsions are discussed, confusing aspects of differential diagnosis are explored, and the relationship of diagnostic issues to clinical and familial studies are highlighted. There is considerable evidence for neuropsychiatric abnormalities in both OCD and TS; however, no studies have directly compared both disorders with similar methodological design. While studies of neurotransmitter function have primarily implicated dopaminergic dysfunction in TS and serotonergic function in OCD, other systems may be involved in each disorder, and neurotransmitter systems may be tightly linked, such that alterations of one system will affect other systems. This article reviews and discusses some of the conceptual and methodological issues associated with clinical, familial, neuropsychiatric and biological studies attempting to elucidate the association among tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette's Syndrome.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Obsessive disorders].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Compulsive Behavior↗
PubMed2007

[Multiaxial classification of stalking. Guidelines for the assessment of criminal liability and prognosis].

Stalking is a widespread phenomenon describing a pattern of intrusive and threatening behaviour that leads to the victim's perception of being harassed and of him or her being rendered fearful. Physical assault and even homicide may occur in the context of stalking. Anglo-Saxon studies have revealed a lifetime prevalence of being a victim of stalking ranging from 4-7% in men and 12-17% in women. Recently, these rates have been confirmed by the first community based study carried out in Germany. As a stalker can have a number of victims during his or her lifetime, the prevalence of stalkers may be less than this, although at present data for this are lacking. Although the phenomenology of stalking appears to be rather homogenous, fairly distinct stalker typologies and perpetrator-victim relationships have to be considered. Requests for psychiatric and forensic assessment of stalkers are increasing. According to the German penal code, psychiatrists must provide expert opinion on criminal responsibility and the placement of stalkers. So far, all typologies of stalkers refer to the Anglo-Saxon cultural background and do not consider the special needs of German forensic psychiatry. In particular, the psychopathological dimension is widely neglected in common typologies. The present paper proposes a multiaxial typology of stalking that considers the psychopathological dimension, the relationship between stalker and victim and motivational aspects. Consequences for the forensic psychiatric assessment according to section 20, 21 StGB are outlined. It should be pointed out that stalking is not a new diagnostic category, but only involves, at a descriptive level, deviation from a normal behavioural pattern. The central components of the forensic psychiatric assessment remain the known diagnostic categories, the effects of which on behaviour can be analysed.

Crime Victims↗
PubMed2004

Differential dose effects of central CRF and effects of CRF astressin on pig behavior.

The elevation of central corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) causes an increase in behavioral activity, including increases in overall activity and oral/nasal/facial (ONF) chewing-rooting-rubbing behaviors in the pig and similar behaviors in other species. This study detailed changes in the frequency, duration and sequences of behaviors after central administration of vehicle or porcine CRF (pCRF at 0.5, 5.0, 50 and 150 microg). A sequential analysis described the complex behaviors induced in a dose-dependent fashion by central pCRF. The frequency and duration of ONF behaviors were significantly increased among pigs receiving 50 microg of pCRF. For behaviors such as ONF, 50 microg represented a breakpoint at which the frequency and duration of single behaviors increased. Pigs receiving 50 microg of pCRF were considerably more active and exhibited more ONF behaviors than did pigs receiving lower doses. The highly sensitive sequential analysis revealed that very low doses of central pCRF induced subtle changes in sequences of behaviors. Low doses of central pCRF (0.5 microg) induced fear-related behavioral sequences that included ONF behaviors alternating with periods of inactivity. Central injection of astressin, a CRF receptor antagonist, blocked many, but not all, of CRF-induced behaviors. Compared with saline-injected control pigs, central pCRF increased general activity, ONF, fear-related freezing and sham chewing behaviors. When pCRF was given following astressin, fear-related freezing behaviors were not different compared with pigs receiving saline. However, pigs given astressin plus pCRF showed elevated sham chewing compared with saline-injected control pigs, as did pigs receiving intracerebroventricular (ICV) pCRF. These data indicate that central pCRF activates brain mechanisms associated with hyperactivity, ONF and fear-related behaviors, whereas other behaviors induced by pCRF may be nonspecifically mediated by CRF. Astressin antagonized some, but not all, pCRF-induced behaviors. This model represents the induction of hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviors, which may represent a new model for the study of mania or obsessive-compulsive behaviors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The teacher interview.

The teachers and caretakers (on kibbutzim) of the index and control children were questioned about a variety of behaviors, including emotional adjustment, school performance and achievement, interests and activities, and relations with others. Index children were rated as more impaired or disturbed than control subjects in the following areas: schoolwork, mood, suspiciousness, daydreaming, antisocial behavior, hypochondriasis, and accident proneness. No differences were seen in anxiety, aggression, phobias, obsessive-compulsive behavior, eating and sleep disturbances, shame, and frustration tolerance. There were few differences between assessments of index and control children on kibbutzim and towns. Male index subjects tended to be seen as especially poorly adjusted.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Understanding women's journey of recovering from anorexia nervosa.

Previous studies of recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN) have concentrated on discrete behavioral responses of individual women. Little is understood about the subjective process of women's recovery in the context of family, community, or society. In this feminist grounded theory study, the authors explored the perceptions of 12 women who considered themselves recovered or recovering from AN. They discovered a substantive theory of self-development that explains, within the current social context, women's journey from the perilous self-soothing of devastating weight loss to the informed self-care of healthy eating and problem-solving practices. The findings provide an urgently needed explanatory framework to inform women, clinicians, and health policy makers in their prevention and recovery efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effect of YM992, a novel antidepressant with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitory and 5-HT 2A receptor antagonistic activity, on a marble-burying behavior test as an obsessive-compulsive disorder model.

YM992 ((S)-2-[[(7-fluoroindan-4-yl)oxy]methyl]morpholine) monohydrochloride is a novel antidepressant with selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) re-uptake inhibition and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonistic activity. The effects of YM992 and two selective 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were studied in a marble-burying behavior test as a model of an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in mice at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, i.p. YM992 and fluoxetine significantly inhibited marble-burying behavior at a dose of 15 mg/kg (i.p.) without affecting spontaneous locomotor activities. Citalopram also significantly inhibited the behavior at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg (i.p.) without affecting spontaneous locomotor activities. These results suggest that YM992, as well as SSRIs, may exhibit anti-OCD activity in addition to an antidepressive effect in clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Compulsive behavior in tobacco users.

Addictions have been associated with compulsive behaviors, which serve to reduce emotional distress. Tobacco use has been associated with increased adverse moods such as anxiety. Nicotine has established anxiolytic effects through modulation of central neurotransmitters, including monoamines. Both obsessive-compulsive behaviors and tobacco use have both been associated with dysfunction in orbitofrontal-subcortical circuits. This study demonstrated greater intensity of compulsive behaviors (as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS]) in tobacco users compared to nonusers, which was not due to demographic influences or use of other psychoactive drugs. Both the frequency of tobacco use and level of overall emotional distress correlated positively with the severity of compulsive symptoms. The results are consistent with tobacco use as a form of self-medicating compulsive symptoms, likely through monoamine modulation of orbitofrontal-subcortical circuits.

Adolescent↗