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PubMed2001

Cuticles of Mariopteris occidentalis White nov. emend. from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma (USA), and a new type of climber hook for mariopteroid pteridosperms.

Cuticles of Mariopteris occidentalis are described from the Desmoinesian (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Oklahoma (USA). This species, like other mariopteroids, had a vine- to liana-like growth habit and climbed with specialized climber hooks. However, M. occidentalis is different from other mariopteroids in having small recurved hooks on the abaxial surfaces of the pinna axes. The diagnosis for M. occidentalis White 1899 is emended based on additional macroscopical observations and data on the epidermal anatomy; a lectotype is designated. M. occidentalis is compared with Pseudomariopteris cordato-ovata from the Stephanian and Autunian of Europe and North America, a taxon which is considered very similar and may be related. Although the two taxa indeed display similarities, significant evidence for a closer relationship could not be found. Finally, some features, e.g. marginal water pits and the stomatal structure, are considered with regard to their palaeoautecological significance where they are interpreted as adaptations to special physiological requirements of a vine- to liana-like life form.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Ethical and methodological issues in academic mental health research in populations affected by disasters: the Oklahoma City experience relevant to September 11, 2001.

Empirical data from research studies are vital to guiding mental health interventions following disasters. However, few data are available for this purpose. Important advances in policy and procedures for the conduct of organized research emerged from the Oklahoma City bombing, yielding cooperative working relationships among researchers and culminating in the ethical attainment of informative research data. However, the academic community was again caught off guard after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Suggestions to surmount these obstacles include incorporating research infrastructures into disaster preparedness plans in advance; organizing the community of researchers; and working closely with major funding organizations. Methodological issues pertaining to measurement of psychopathology include the importance of obtaining diagnostic data; interpreting the meaning of symptoms in the absence of a psychiatric disorder; differentiating preexisting symptoms from those that emerged after the disaster, and optimal timing of postdisaster assessment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Localization of familial benign hypercalcemia, Oklahoma variant (FBHOk), to chromosome 19q13.

Calcium homeostasis by the kidneys and parathyroids is mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which is located on 3q21-q24 and belongs to family C of the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors that includes those for metabotropic glutamate, certain pheromones, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA-B). Inactivating CaSR mutations result in familial benign hypercalcemia (FBH), or familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), whereas activating mutations result in hypocalcemic hypercalciuria. However, not all FBH patients have CaSR mutations, which, together with the mapping of another FBH locus to 19p13.3, suggests that additional CaSRs or second messengers may be involved. These may be identified by positional cloning, and we therefore performed a genomewide search, using chromosome-specific sets of microsatellite polymorphisms, in an Oklahoma family with an FBH variant (FBHOk), for which linkage to 3q and 19p had been excluded. Linkage was established between FBHOk and eight chromosome 19q13 loci, with the highest LOD score, 6.67 (recombination fraction.00), obtained with D19S606. Recombinants further mapped FBHOk to a <12-cM interval flanked by D19S908 and D19S866. The calmodulin III gene is located within this interval, and DNA sequence analysis of the coding region, the 5' UTR, and part of the promoter region in an individual affected with FBHOk did not detect any abnormalities, thereby indicating that this gene is unlikely to be implicated in the etiology of FBHOk. This mapping of FBHOk to chromosome 19q13 will facilitate the identification of another CaSR or a mediator of calcium homeostasis.

Calcium↗
PubMed1997

Genetic and antigenic diversity of Ehrlichia chaffeensis: comparative analysis of a novel human strain from Oklahoma and previously isolated strains.

A new Ehrlichia strain, designated as Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Sapulpa strain, was isolated from a patient from Oklahoma with severe ehrlichiosis. Isolation of the ehrlichial pathogen was achieved by inoculating patient blood onto HEL cells and DH82 cells. Antigenic properties of the new isolate were characterized with monoclonal antibodies, homologous patient serum, and polyclonal rabbit serum by Western immunoblotting. The results showed antigenic differences and protein size variation of Sapulpa strain compared with the other 2 strains of E. chaffeensis. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed 100% identity to that of E. chaffeensis, strain 91HE17. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of DNA homologous to the 120-kDa protein gene of E. chaffeensis, Arkansas strain, showed that this gene of Sapulpa strain was smaller than that of Arkansas strain and contained a repeat region with three tandem repeat units.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of subsurface bacteria associated with two shallow aquifers in oklahoma.

The bacterial microflora of two shallow aquifers (saturated subsurface zones) in Oklahoma was characterized by direct observation with light and electron microscopy, by plating, and by examination of colony morphology and distribution. Isolated bacterial strains were also examined. Total cell counts varied only slightly (2.9 x 10 to 9.8 x 10 g [dry wt]) from sample to sample, whereas colony counts varied widely (6.3 x 10 to 6.5 x 10 CFU g [dry wt]). Colony counts on nutritionally rich media were lower than on low-nutrient media, especially in samples from the saturated zone. The variety of colony types growing on nutritionally rich media decreased with increasing depth and saturation. Colony counts of anaerobic bacteria also decreased with depth but were at least 100-fold lower than aerobic counts on most media. Cell morphologies of bacteria grown aerobically on plates included short rods, cocci, and actinomycete-like forms. Direct light microscopic observation of sediments revealed short, rod-shaped, and coccoid bacterial cells; endospores, actinomycete spores, and eucaryotic forms were not observed by light microscopy. Electron microscopic observation of bacteria released from the samples revealed that 85 to 90% of them were coccoid, gram-positive, Arthrobacter-like organisms, some of which were dividing or contained completed division septa; other types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were present in lower numbers. Isolated bacterial strains were able to grow on both nutritionally rich and low-nutrient media. A higher proportion of gram-negative organisms was isolated than gram-positive organisms. Most of the isolates were capable of storing polyphosphate, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, or polysaccharide. The results of this study suggest that the microbial population of these two shallow aquifers is dominated by aerobic, nutritionally versatile bacteria that can subsist on low concentrations of organic compounds without forming specialized resting cells. Other types of microorganisms, such as facultatively anaerobic bacteria and microeucaryotes, may also be present, but they represent only a small fraction of the microflora.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of protozoa in subsurface sediments of a pristine groundwater study site in oklahoma.

Sediment core samples were obtained at a groundwater study site in Oklahoma in January and June 1985. Most-probable-number estimates showed that protozoan numbers declined steeply with depth in subsoil. Flagellates and amoebae dominated the protozoan population, which declined to a most probable number of 28 . g (dry weight) in a clay loam layer at the bottom of the unsaturated zone. Samples from a texturally variable interface zone between 3 and 4 m down also were variable in their content of protozoa. Four contiguous clay loam samples in a single core from this zone contained variable numbers of amoebae ranging from 0.2 to 44 . g (dry weight). However, a sandy clay loam layer at the bottom of the core contained a mixture of flagellates and amoebae with a combined population density of 67 . g (dry weight). A slow-growing filose amoeba was isolated from interface zone samples and was tentatively classified in a new family in the order Aconchulinida. Protozoa were not detected in the saturated zone except in a very permeable gravelly, loamy sand layer at a depth of approximately 7.5 m. Low numbers (4 to 6 . g [dry weight]) of surface-type flagellates and amoebae, as well as the filose amoeba seen in the interface zone, were observed in this layer. Acid-treated and untreated samples contained equivalent numbers of protozoa, showing that the majority of protozoa in the layer at 7.5 m and the interface zone samples were encysted. Increased numbers of bacteria also were found in the layer at 7.5 m, indicating that it was biologically more active than other saturated-zone layers. Cyanobacteria grew in illuminated samples from this layer, suggesting that it may be connected hydrologically to a nearby river.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

In situ studies of algal biomass in relation to physicochemical characteristics of the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma, USA.

This is the first in a series of experiments designed to characterize the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge (SPNWR) ecosystem in northwestern Oklahoma and to catalogue its microbial inhabitants. The SPNWR is the remnant of an ancient ocean, encompassing approximately 65 km2 of variably hypersaline flat land, fed by tributaries of the Arkansas River. Relative algal biomass (i.e., chlorophyll concentrations attributed to Chlorophyll-a-containing oxygenic phototrophs) and physical and chemical parameters were monitored at three permanent stations for a one-year period (July 2000 to July 2001) using a nested block design. Salient features of the flats include annual air temperatures that ranged from -10 to 40 degrees C, and similar to other arid/semi-arid environments, 15-20-degree daily swings were common. Shade is absent from the flats system; intense irradiance and high temperatures (air and sediment surface) resulted in low water availability across the SPNWR, with levels of only ca. 15 % at the sediment surface. Moreover, moderate daily winds were constant (ca. 8-12 km h-1), sometimes achieving maximum speeds of up to 137 km h-1. Typical of freshwater systems, orthophosphate (PO(4)3-) concentrations were low, ranging from 0.04 to <1 microM; dissolved inorganic nitrogen levels were high, but spatially variable, ranging from ca. 250-600 microM (NO(3)- + NO(2)-) and 4-166 microM (NH(4)+). Phototroph abundance was likely tied to nutrient availability, with high-nutrient sites exhibiting high Chl-a levels (ca. 1.46 mg m-2). Despite these harsh conditions, the phototrophic microbial community was unexpectedly diverse. Preliminary attempts to isolate and identify oxygenic phototrophs from SPNWR water and soil samples yielded 47 species from 20 taxa and 3 divisions. Our data indicate that highly variable, extreme environments might support phototrophic microbial communities characterized by higher species diversity than previously assumed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Cytokine responses in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis Oklahoma strain.

Ehrlichia canis causes persistent infection of monocytes/macrophages and causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Other than antibody development, very little is known how the dog immune system responds to this pathogen. In the present study, we examined the temporal expression of cytokine mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from dogs inoculated with E. canis Oklahoma strain. We also examined production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by canine PBMCs infected with E. canis in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Medicare program; Peer Review Organizations: revised scopes of work for the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and all states except Delaware, Florida, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Washington, and Wyoming--HCFA. Final notice.

This notice describes requirements for the review activities of Utilization and Quality Control Peer Review Organizations (PROs) under contract extensions of the Scope of Work for the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and all States except Delaware, Florida, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Washington, and Wyoming. Section 1153(h)(1) of the Social Security Act requires us to publish any new policy or procedure adopted by the Secretary that affects substantially the performance of PRO contract obligations at least 30 days before the date the policy or procedure is to be used. Specifically, this notice describes the way in which PRO contract requirements are changed and explains significant changes in the PRO program (e.g., the way in which cases will be selected for review) and also describes continuing requirements. This notice also implements provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1982

Cytauxzoon-like piroplasms in erythrocytes of wild-trapped bobcats in Oklahoma.

Stained blood smears from 26 bobcats wildtrapped in 4 Oklahoma counties were examined for protozoan parasites. A Cytauxzoon-like piroplasm was observed in erythrocytes from 13 of 21 bobcats trapped in 2 counties. Organisms were not observed in the 5 bobcats trapped in 2 other counties. The degree of parasitemia varied from less than 0.5% to 5% infected erythrocytes but commonly ranged from 1% to 3%. Responding anemia was apparent in 1 of the 13 infected bobcats but other ill effects possibly attributable to the parasite were not observed. Whether the organism is Cytauxzoon felis or is a species of Babesia is discussed but remains speculative.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postmortem findings of ostriches submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.

A review of 121 ostrich necropsies from the files at the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory was conducted. The birds ranged in age from unhatched embryos to 4 years; the majority were less than 3 weeks old. The most common cause of death was ostrich chick fading syndrome (OCFS). OCFS is characterized by depression, anorexia, and death 3-5 days after onset of clinical signs in ostriches less than 3 weeks old. Escherichia coli and/or Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from various organs in these cases, and mortality ranged from 40% to 100%. Other conditions observed were edema in chicks associated with high incubator humidity levels, aspergillosis, leg deformities, and impaction of the proventriculus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Retinoblastoma in the state of Oklahoma: a clinicopathologic review.

This is a retrospective review of 56 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma (Rb) from 1970 to 1990 at either the Dean A. McGee Eye Institute or Children's Hospital of Oklahoma. Twenty-six (46%) patients had somatic Rb and thirty (54%) had germinal Rb. On average, somatic disease presented at 20.5 months and germinal disease at 11.7 months. Nine (16%) of our patients have died; of these, metastatic disease was the cause of death in six patients, whereas a midline pineal tumor (trilateral retinoblastoma) was the cause of death in three patients. Metastatic disease presented an average of 17.5 months after the diagnosis of Rb, and death occurred an average of 10.3 months after the diagnosis of metastasis. Trilateral Rb presented an average of 18 months after the diagnosis of retinoblastoma, and on average death occurred 2 months later. Histopathology was available on forty-nine of our patients. Poorly differentiated tumor histology, optic nerve invasion of tumor cells past the surgical plane of transection, and choroidal invasion of tumor cells appear to be significant histological markers for developing metastatic disease. The cytogenetics, current therapy, and related management of retinoblastoma are reviewed.

Eye Enucleation↗
PubMed1993

Anencephalic organ donation in Oklahoma. Right problem, wrong answer.

The scarcity of donor organs results in the death of some pediatric transplant candidates while they wait for an organ. The use of anencephalic infants has been suggested as a way to increase the donor pool. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are reviewed, and recommendations made for the state of Oklahoma.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1995

The Yiddish theatre, the Oklahoma theatre and Kafka's salvation.

The author discusses Kafka's enthralment with the Yiddish theatre, which performed in Prague in the autumn and winter of 1911. Examination of Kafka's 'Diaries' suggests that an important factor in this response was his infatuation with two actresses. They evoked fantasies of avoiding oedipal conflict by surrendering adult male sexuality and its threat of castration by regressing to a prephallic relationship with a maternal woman who would provide a nurturing relationship. Later, when writing the final chapter of his novel 'Amerika' in 1914, he creatively expressed a derivation of this fantasy when the protagonist, Karl Rossman, achieved a sort of salvation by joining the Oklahoma theatre. In the final year of his life Kafka was able to leave home to live with a woman, and in this achievement he fulfilled aspects of this fantasy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Overwhelming sepsis with Vibrio vulnificus: a coastal pathogen in Oklahoma.

Vibrio vulnificus has been associated with three main clinical syndromes; primary septicemia; wound infection, and gastroenteritis. This organism has increased virulence for persons with underlying medical conditions that predispose to iron overload or an impaired immune system. Since the organism proliferates more readily in warm, coastal waters, such infections are more commonly found in those regions. Infection can result from the ingestion of contaminated, undercooked seafood; contact of a wound with seawater; or a puncture wound sustained from a contaminated surface. Vibrio infections rarely occur in inland areas, but when they do occur, they are usually a result of the contact of wounds with contaminated, brackish water or the ingestion of raw shellfish. Because infections with this organism occur less frequently in non-coastal regions, the diagnosis may not be suspected initially in susceptible individuals and a delay of treatment may result. We present a case of V. vulnificus sepsis occurring in a man with underlying liver disease and a history of row oyster consumption in Oklahoma and discuss the clinical manifestations of primary sepsis with this organism as well as prevention strategies.

Animals↗