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Results for “Neutral Red”

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PubMed1980

pK determinations via pH-mobility curves obtained by isoelectric focusing-electrophoresis: theory and experimental verification.

Basic equations have been derived linking the electrophoretic migration in a stationary pH gradient of simple, singly charged cations or anions and of mono- mono- valent ampholytes with the pKs of their ionizable groups. In the case of diprotic ampholytes, an equation and a curve are described calculating a correction factor to be applied to the mobility measurements, accounting for the influence of the opposite charge species on the mobility curve of the ion being measured. This correction factor is a function of delta pK and increases exponentially with decreasing values of delta pK. These theoretical considerations have been experimentally verified by running pH-mobility curves of colored compounds, such as methyl red, neutral red and dexorubicin. The pKs thus measured were in excellent agreement with the pKs obtained independently by spectrophotometric titrations.

Ampholyte Mixtures↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis of novel bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s and metallobridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s with 2,2'-diselenobis(benzoyl) tethers and their molecular multiple recognition with model substrates.

To investigate quantitatively the cooperative binding ability of beta-cyclodextrin dimers, a series of bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s with 2,2'-diselenobis(benzoyl) spacer connected by different lengths of oligo(ethylenediamine)s (2-5) and their platinum(IV) complexes (6-9) have been synthesized and their inclusion complexation behavior with selected substrates, such as Acridine Red, Neutral Red, Brilliant Green, Rhodamine B, ammonium 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate, and 6-p-toluidino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, were investigated by means of ultraviolet, fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime, circular dichroism, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The spectral titrations have been performed in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.20) at 25 degrees C to give the complex stability constants (K(S)) and Gibbs free energy changes (-DeltaG degrees ) for the inclusion complexation of hosts 2-9 with organic dyes and other thermodynamic parameters (DeltaH degrees and TDeltaS degrees ) for the inclusion complexation of 2-5with fluorescent dyes ANS and TNS. The results obtained indicate that beta-cyclodextrin dimers 2-5 can coordinate with one or two platinum(IV) ions to form 1:1 or 1:2 stoichiometry metallobridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s. As compared with parent beta-cyclodextrin (1) and bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s 2-5, metallobridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s 6-9 can further switch the original molecular binding ability through the coordinating metal to orientate two beta-cyclodextrin cavities and an additional binding site upon the inclusion complexation with model substrates, giving the enhanced binding constants K(S) for both ANS and TNS. The tether length between two cyclodextrin units plays a crucial role in the molecular recognition with guest dyes. The binding constants for TNS decrease linearly with an increase in the tether length of dimeric beta-cyclodextrins. The Gibbs free energy change (-DeltaG degrees ) for the unit increment per ethylene is 0.32 kJ.mol(-)(1) for TNS. Thermodynamically, the higher complex stabilities of both ANS and TNS upon the inclusion complexation with 2-5 are mainly contributed to the favorable enthalpic gain (-DeltaH degrees ) by the cooperative binding of one guest molecule in the closely located two beta-cyclodextrin cavities as compared with parent beta-cyclodextrin. The molecular binding ability and selectivity of organic dyes by hosts 1-9 are discussed from the viewpoints of the multiple recognition mechanism and the size/shape-fitting relationship between host and guest.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1980

Influence of protein synthesis inhibitors on neutral red-induced autophagocytosis in chicken pancreatic acinar cells.

Administration of neutral red to chicks resulted in an appearance of autophagic vacuoles in the pancreatic exocrine cells, containing mainly fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as Golgi elements, mitochondria and zymogen granules. The time course of the morphological changes was followed. The translational inhibitors cycloheximide and emetine did not induce injury, even they were equally found to exert a dose dependent, temporary, preventive effect against autophagocytosis induced by neutral red. This protection might be related to the capability of the drugs for stabilizing the polyribosomes and thereby preserving the structural integrity of the granular endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Genotoxicity of N-nitrosodicyclohexylamine in V79 cells in the sister chromatid exchange test and the single cell gel assay.

Dicyclohexylaminexnitrite is used in chemical formulations as an anti-corrosion agent. N-Nitrosodicyclohexylamine (N-NO-DCHA) can be formed by nitrosation from dicyclohexylamine during the application of these formulations. As most of the nitrosamines are genotoxic carcinogens, the genotoxic potential of N-NO-DCHA was investigated in V79 Chinese hamster cells in the single cell gel assay and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test. In addition, N-NO-DCHA cytotoxicity was determined in the neutral red assay. Neutral red uptake was suppressed up to 50% after 24 h incubation at a concentration of approximately 135 microM. In the single cell gel assay, a significantly elevated and dose-dependent induction of DNA lesions was detected in a concentration range from 5 microM to 100 microM (P<0.001). The use of proteinase K (1 mg/ml) in the lysing solution did not influence these results. In the SCE analysis, a significant induction of SCE was found at a minimum concentration of 5 microM N-NO-DCHA as well. A dose-dependent SCE induction could be detected up to the maximum concentration tested in the assay (100 microM). In conclusion, N-NO-DCHA is genotoxic in V79 cells in the single cell gel assay and the SCE test. With respect to human health hazard prevention, a substitution of dicyclohexylaminexnitrite in chemical formulations used to prevent corrosion is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Lysosome of Eisenia fetida as biomarker of soil pollution].

The lysosome of Eisenia fetida can accumulate neutral red dye rapidly. When exposed to environment pollution, the membrane of the lysosome is easily to be cracked, and the dye shall leak to the cytoplasm gradually, making the cell red. Therefore, neutral red retention time (NRRT) can reflect the damaged degree of lysosome. In this paper, the NRRT of the lysosome in coelomocytes of E. fetida was determined after exposed to different concentrations of acetochlor and selenium. The results showed that with increasing exposure time and increasing concentration of acetochlor and Se, the NRRT was decreased significantly, and had significant correlations with the concentrations of acetochlor in soil and of accumulated Se in E. fetida's body. NRRT could be served as a biomarker of soil pollution, and a promising tool for the early warning of potential danger.

Animals↗