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PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical detection of vinculin in human rhabdomyosarcomas.

The microfilament-associated protein vinculin is a major constituent of muscle tissue localized in costameres and Z-discs of the sarcomeric apparatus, where it is thought to play a pivotal role in the alignment of sarcomeric myofibrils and the transduction of mechanical force between the internal contractile machinery and the extracellular environment. In order to investigate whether anti-vinculin antibodies are helpful in confirming the commitment of rhabdomyosarcomas to the myogenic pathway, we studied immunohistochemically the expression pattern of vinculin in a series of 7 human rhabdomyosarcomas including those of embryonal, botryoid, and pleomorphic subtypes. Using monoclonal antibody from clone hVIN-1 by APAAP techniques on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, all but one tumor, which was a primitive embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, demonstrated a significant positive vinculin staining. Vinculin expression was most prominent in differentiated tumors with a focal staining pattern showing a high degree of correlation with rhabdomyoblasts, whereas a diffuse staining was observed in areas in which small, poorly differentiated tumor cells alone were present. Since vinculin immunoreactivity could also be demonstrated in cases of leiomyosarcoma, the positive immunohistochemical detection of vinculin was not exclusively restricted to mesenchymal tumors derived from sarcomeric muscle tissue. Immunodetectable amounts of nebulin could be revealed only in two embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Our results suggested that the positive identification of rhabdomyosarcoma achieved by using antibodies against vinculin in addition to other known myogenic markers may be particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of anaplastic, poorly differentiated sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Smooth muscle tumours presenting as pleural neoplasms.

Five smooth muscle tumours presenting as pleural neoplasma are presented. The patients were three women and two men aged between 21 and 69 years (mean = 45 years). Clinically, one patient presented with chest pain, one with empyema and the other three were asymptomatic. Two of the tumours were located in the left side of the chest cavity and three in the right side. In four cases, the lesions presented as solitary pleural-based masses that varied in size from 10-18 cm in greatest dimension: in two of these cases, involvement of the diaphragm was present in addition to the pleural involvement. In one case, the tumour was seen to totally encase the right lung simulating the growth pattern of malignant mesothelioma. Histologically, three cases displayed an atypical spindle cell proliferation with marked cellular pleomorphism, mitoses and areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. The other two cases were characterized by a bland-appearing smooth muscle proliferation of uncertain malignant potential composed of elongated cells with a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and cigar-shaped nuclei, lacking significant nuclear pleomorphism or mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong positivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin in all cases, and for desmin in four of five cases, and a focal positive reaction for keratin in one case. Ultrastructural examination in one of the high-grade tumours showed features of smooth muscle differentiation. Three of the patients were treated by complete surgical excision while, in the other two patients, the lesions were incompletely resected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Caveolin expression is common among benign and malignant smooth muscle and adipocyte neoplasms.

The caveolins belong to a newly described group of membrane-scaffolding proteins. Their presence in benign endothelial cells has been used to discriminate benign from malignant vascular neoplasms. The extent of caveolin expression in cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms has not yet been evaluated, and thus the diagnostic utility of these antibodies is not yet known. In our study, we immunohistochemically examined a spectrum of tumors derived from smooth muscle and adipocytes for caveolin expression. We found that both benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors and tumors comprised of adipocytes expressed caveolins. The presence of this protein in a range of mesenchymal neoplasms is important to know about as this decreases the reported specificity of a positive finding. It is doubtful that caveolin down-regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas. This finding also may suggest a common origin between endothelial cells and other mesenchymal cells.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1977

Oral granular-cell tumors. Report of twenty-five cases with electron microscopy.

Twenty-five cases of granular-cell tumor of the oral cavity are reported. The clinical findings are similar to previously published data. Of five cases studied by electron microscopy, three were processed directly from fresh surgical specimens and two cases were processed following initial formalin fixation. The granules for the most part are morphologically compatible with lysosomes except for a single variety containing viruslike particles. There is increasing evidence in support of a neural origin, but the indications are that more than one cell type may be the progenitor of granular cells of the granular cell tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Embedded weapons-grade tungsten alloy shrapnel rapidly induces metastatic high-grade rhabdomyosarcomas in F344 rats.

Continuing concern regarding the potential health and environmental effects of depleted uranium and lead has resulted in many countries adding tungsten alloy (WA)-based munitions to their battlefield arsenals as replacements for these metals. Because the alloys used in many munitions are relatively recent additions to the list of militarily relevant metals, very little is known about the health effects of these metals after internalization as embedded shrapnel. Previous work in this laboratory developed a rodent model system that mimicked shrapnel loads seen in wounded personnel from the 1991 Persian Gulf War. In the present study, we used that system and male F344 rats, implanted intramuscularly with pellets (1 mm times 2 mm cylinders) of weapons-grade WA, to simulate shrapnel wounds. Rats were implanted with 4 (low dose) or 20 pellets (high dose) of WA. Tantalum (20 pellets) and nickel (20 pellets) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The high-dose WA-implanted rats (n = 46) developed extremely aggressive tumors surrounding the pellets within 4-5 months after implantation. The low-dose WA-implanted rats (n = 46) and nickel-implanted rats (n = 36) also developed tumors surrounding the pellets but at a slower rate. Rats implanted with tantalum (n = 46), an inert control metal, did not develop tumors. Tumor yield was 100% in both the low- and high-dose WA groups. The tumors, characterized as high-grade pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas by histopathology and immunohistochemical examination, rapidly metastasized to the lung and necessitated euthanasia of the animal. Significant hematologic changes, indicative of polycythemia, were also observed in the high-dose WA-implanted rats. These changes were apparent as early as 1 month postimplantation in the high-dose WA rats, well before any overt signs of tumor development. These results point out the need for further studies investigating the health effects of tungsten and tungsten-based alloys.

Alloys↗