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PubMed1994

Is the binding of mistletoe lectins I and III a useful prognostic indicator in colorectal carcinoma?

A retrospective study on 127 patients with colorectal carcinoma was performed to evaluate the use of mistletoe lectins I and III as possible prognostic indicators. Tissue sections were stained by a histochemical technique using these lectins and the staining results correlated with survival. No correlation between survival and the presence of lectin binding or non-binding was found. A lectin with the same monosaccharide specificity as ML-III, Helix pomatia agglutinin, which was of prognostic significance in the same patient cohort in another study showed on Western blot analysis a slightly different lectin binding pattern towards glycoproteins than the MLs. The results of this study indicate that even subtle differences in the carbohydrate composition of glycoconjugates which can be differentiated by lectins are of biological significance in terms of the metastatic spread of tumours.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mistletoe extract standardized for the galactoside-specific lectin (ML-1) induces beta-endorphin release and immunopotentiation in breast cancer patients.

The ability of immunomodulating mistletoe extract standardized for the galactoside-specific lectin (ML-1) to affect immunological parameters (peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, cytokine release) as well as neuroendocrinological parameters (beta-endorphin release) was investigated in breast cancer patients (n = 36). Regular subcutaneous injections of the optimal immunomodulating ML-1 dosage (1ng/kg body weight, twice a week) for 12 weeks induced 1) a significant increase (p < 0.005) of beta-endorphin plasma levels, 2) a reduced decrease (respectively moderate increase) of defined peripheral blood lymphatic subsets after standard chemotherapy, 3) an evidently increased in vitro cytokine release by mononuclear immune cells after adequate stimulation. The increased levels of plasma beta-endorphin after ML-1 administration obviously correlate with an improved quality of life in this group of patients; however, increased in vitro cytokine release and stabilization of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts after chemotherapy demonstrate the immunoactive potency of ML-1.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

Effects of mistletoe lectin I on human blood cell lines and peripheral blood cells. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis and induction of cytokines.

The effects of mistletoe lectin I (ML I) on the human T-cell leukemia line MOLT-4, the monocytic line THP-1 and on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were investigated with regard to general cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Using a sensitive serum-free cytotoxicity assay, the time- and concentration-dependent direct toxicity towards MOLT-4 cells was determined with IC50-values ranging from 20-40 pg/ml (300-600 fmol/l). Investigations on the time course of the toxic effect using selected concentrations of ML I revealed distinct response curves for concentrations of high, low and intermediate toxicity, respectively. The ratio of apoptotic to viable MOLT-4 cells was determined after treatment with ML I for 24 h. Apoptosis and cytotoxicity were correlated at low and intermediate concentrations, whereas at long intervals and high concentrations of ML I mostly necrotic effects were observed. The data showed that in the concentration range of low cytotoxicity ML I-induced cell death is quantitatively due to apoptotic processes. The immunomodulatory activity of ML I was investigated in vitro by measuring cytokine release. At concentrations of low cytotoxicity ML I showed immunostimulatory activity on PBMC and THP-1. RT-PCR with THP-1 cells confirmed that cytokine induction by ML I is regulated on the transcriptional level. These findings suggest that in the blood cells investigated both apoptosis and cellular signalling are induced by the same concentration range of ML I.

Apoptosis↗