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PubMed1987

Concepts and management of deafness in the Yoruba medical system: a case study of traditional healers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

This paper examines the concept and management of deafness among 98 randomly selected healers in Ile-Ife. We are concerned with deafness because in an earlier study mothers of deaf children reported that they had consulted these practitioners. All of the healers distinguished congenital and non-congenital deafness, and in their efforts to cure patients they were guided by experience and specialist knowledge. A higher proportion of the herbalists associated congenital deafness with natural causes than did the other type of healers. The babalawos and indigenous faith healers who mentioned a natural cause of congenital deafness believed that the primary causative agents were supernatural. Half of the indigenous faith healers and more than half of the babalawos we interviewed attributed non-congenital deafness to malevolent forces, while only 12.5% of the herbalists made this attribution. Treatment procedures and preventive techniques were based on conceptions of causality. While the majority of the herbalists prescribed a herbal ear drop, a majority of the babalawos and the indigenous faith healers prescribed sacrifices to appease the aggrieved parties. Some interesting points that emanated from the study include the healers' explanation that a person's essence is transmitted to his personal effects, which are used with incantation to inflict the deaf person. Closely associated with this is the healers' warning that patients need to maintain good-neighbourliness to avoid further harm. The paper further highlights the adherence to pregnancy taboos to avoid congenital deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Early experience with the controlled girth and length expanding cylinder of the American Medical Systems Ultrex penile prosthesis.

A prospective study was done to evaluate length expansion characteristics of the AMS Ultrex penile prosthesis cylinder intraoperatively and in the early postoperative period. A total of 50 patients 30 to 74 years old (mean age 55.2 years) underwent implantation of this device. Intraoperative changes in the pubis to mid glans distance between deflation and inflation ranged from 1 to 4 cm. (mean 1.9). Postoperative followup measurements were obtained in 46 patients at 1 to 15 months (mean 4). There was a 1 cm. decrease in the amount of postoperative length expansion for 6 patients, while length expansion increased by 1 cm. for 12 and for 28 the postoperative length expansion was the same as the intraoperative length expansion.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Immunostimulant activity of dry fruits and plant materials used in indian traditional medical system for mothers after child birth and invalids.

Products of certain plants given to mothers after child birth or to invalids were studied for immunostimulant activity using the macrophage migration index (MMI) as a parameter of macrophage activation and cell-mediated immunity and haemagglutinating antibody (HA) titres and plaque-forming cell (PFC) counts as parameters of humoral immunity. Feeding of Prunus amygdalus (Almond(1)) and Buchanania lanzan (Chirronji(1)) significantly stimulated both CMI and humoral immunity in BALB/c mice as evidenced by the enhancement of MMI, HA titres, and PFC counts. Euryale ferox (Tel makhana(1)), Phoenix dactylifera (Chhohara(1)) and Zingiber officinale (Sonth(1)), however, stimulated humoral immunity to a greater extent than CMI. The observation provides scientific basis for feeding the products of above plants to mothers after child birth and to invalids with a relatively poor immune status.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

David R. Boyd Lecture in Trauma Care and Emergency Medical Systems: upper extremity injuries--past, present, and future.

Since its recognition as a subspeciality soon after World War I, hand surgery has evolved into a highly specialized and sophisticated field of medicine. Enormous advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the upper limb; primary tenorrhaphy and the application of microsurgical techniques for revascularization, replantation, and free tissue transfer are among the most important innovations. This article reviews the history of flexor tendon surgery and reconstructive microsurgery up to the present time, and makes some predictions for the future direction of these, and other, areas of hand surgery.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1996

Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not improve survival in patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in a physician-manned emergency medical system.

OBJECT: To examine the efficacy of a new method of cardiac resuscitation, active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACD CPR), in prehospital cardiac arrest. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Physician-manned Mobile Intensive Care Unit (MICU) of a university hospital, serving a population of 200,000. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with prehospital nontraumatic cardiac arrest treated by the MICU. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to standard chest compression according to American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations (group 1, 30 patients) or to the new technique (group 2, 26 patients). ACD was performed by use of a hand-held suction device. In both groups, advanced life support was performed as recommended by the AHA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Rate of patients regaining a spontaneous circulation (ROSC), hospital discharge rate, and mean carbon dioxide content during resuscitation were recorded. ROSC rates in groups 1 and 2 were 40% and 38.5%, respectively. Four patients (13.3%) in group 1 and three patients (11.5%) in group 2 were discharged (group 1 v group 2: n.s.). Anatomic conditions precluded the application of ACD CPR in 5 patients. The new technique was found to impose greater physical efforts than STD CPR. Capnography was performed in 23 patients (mean value: STD CPR: 11.9 +/- 4.7 mmHg, ACD CPR: 13.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg [n.s.]). CONCLUSIONS: ACD CPR did not improve, outcome and practical performance was complicated. Therefore, this technique should not be performed routinely, or without strict supervision in prehospital cardiac arrest.

Adult↗