Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MONITORING SYSTEMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Intracranial pressure dynamics in clinical practice: online PC-based ICP monitoring system.

Correct patient management involves determining the exact point on the intracranial pressure/volume (P/V) curve that corresponds to the patient; this requires calculating intracranial elastance (IE). Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring systems should provide the necessary information for this purpose. An ICP monitoring unit is presented that acquires ICP, systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and airway pressure (AWP). The cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the mean values and the peak-to-peak values of the two of them (ICPmean, SAPmean, ICPp-p, SAPp-p,) are calculated. Graphs display the temporal evolution (TE) of the ICP and SAP, as well as histograms of the ICP (%) and intracranial pulse amplitude (ICPAmP) with respect to the ICP or CPP during the preceding 3, 6, 12 or 24 h of monitoring. By digital filtering the ICP respiratory and cardiac components (RCICP, CCICP) are calculated. Finally, the pulse amplitudes (AmP) of the ICP, CCICP and RCICP are computed, as well as the average pulses per minute of SAP, CCICP, AWP and RCICP. Two off-line pulse-amplitude and pulse-morphology oriented toolkits display the afore-mentioned curves, histograms and average pulses per minute, and other additional ones, in order to achieve a deeper patient monitoring study.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed2004

Enhancement of the multi-channel continuous monitoring system through the use of Xenorhabdus luminescens lux fusions.

The enhancement of the multi-channel continuous toxicity monitoring system developed previously was studied. To achieve better and more stable results from the system, the use of thermo-lux fusion strains that express the luxCDABE genes from Xenorhabdus luminescens was evaluated. A total of six recombinant Escherichia coli strains with the promoters from three oxidative-stress responsive genes, i.e. the katG, sodA and pqi-5 genes, fused to either the lux genes from Vibrio fischeri or X. luminescens were characterized and their responses to different chemicals compared. It was found that the basal level bioluminescence (BL) from the thermo-lux fusion strains was always higher while that of the V. fischeri lux strains were always near or below the lower limit of detection of the system. For example, the katG::V. fischeri lux strain, DPD2511, gave no discernible response due to its low level expression while a fusion of the katG promoter with the X. luminescens lux operon was clearly responsive and capable of detecting hydrogen peroxide down to about 1 ppm. The use of the thermo-lux strains found them to be as sensitive as the V. fischeri lux strains while providing a brighter, more stable basal level bioluminescence, making the analysis and monitoring of water-borne toxicity more reliable.

Aliivibrio fischeri↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in type 1 diabetic children is the way to reduce hypoglycemic risk.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic children treated with intensive insulin therapy are showing a dangerous increase in severe hypoglycemic episodes. The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) allows glycemic profiles to be monitored over a 72-h period. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether this system is sufficiently sensitive to detect asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and to determine if its periodic application would help to minimize the hypoglycemic risk in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: Twenty-seven T1DM children (age range 6-13.1 years) were enrolled in the study. The sensor was inserted subcutaneously in each patient and the standard four or five registrations of capillary glycemia per day were performed. Eighteen patients continued in the study and the glucose sensor was again inserted after a 6-week interval. At the beginning and end of the study, fructosamine, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), median glycemia, number and duration of hypoglycemic events and insulin requirement were evaluated. RESULTS: A significantly higher number of asymptomatic hypoglycemic events was revealed by CGMS in comparison with the standard system (3.6 +/- 2.3 vs 0.7 +/- 0.9; p < 0.0001). In patients who continued in the study, insulin therapy adjustments reduced the incidence of hypoglycemic events (2.5 +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 +/- 2.2; p < 0.05). At the 6-week point, the fructosamine level was reduced (330 +/- 30 vs 349 +/- 24 micro mol/l; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CGMS is a useful device not only for detecting unrecognized hypoglycemia, but also for modifying insulin therapy in order to reduce hypoglycemic events. The system appears to be useful in avoiding long exposure to hypoglycemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The Canadian National Calibration Reference Centre for In-Vivo Monitoring: thyroid monitoring. Part V: Minimizing placement error in a thyroid monitoring system.

This article is the last of a five-part series covering various aspects of occupational thyroid monitoring. This part describes the techniques for minimizing errors due to improper placement of the detector. The impact of counting time and minimum detectable activity as a function of detector position are also discussed. The importance of minimum detectable activity is exemplified by showing how it can be used to ensure that the thyroid monitoring system can detect an amount of radioactivity below the derived investigation level.

Calibration↗
PubMed2003

A noninvasive eye fixation and computer-aided eye monitoring system for linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiotherapy of uveal melanoma.

PURPOSE: To introduce a noninvasive eye fixation and computer-aided eye monitoring system for linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: At the Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, University of Vienna, stereotactic radiotherapy is offered to patients with uveal melanoma considered unsuitable for (106)Ru brachytherapy or local resection. For the present feasibility study, 8 patients were carefully selected according to their ability to fixate a small light source with the diseased eye and whether they had a rather small head to meet the limited geometric space available. A polymethyl methacrylate tube was attached to a stereotactic mask system in craniocaudal orientation supporting a 45 degrees mirror, which was placed in front of the diseased eye. At the other end of the tube, the patient was given a small fixation light, and a small camera was positioned beneath, which was shielded for use during MRI. A computer interface calculated and visualized the spatial difference of the actual and a given reference pupil position, which was defined before CT scanning, during the MRI sequences, and during treatment delivery at the linear accelerator. RESULTS: The described system can be attached to a conventional stereotactic mask system with minor modifications. Because of the large distance between the eye and the fixation light, the optical fixation system was well tolerated by all patients, and a stable position of the eye was obtained. The camera system can be used during CT and MRI without interference. Absorption of the 6-MV photon beam by the mirror and the polymethyl methacrylate tube was negligible. The computer interface designed to determine the pupil position uses an image-processing algorithm that correlates a template of the reference image with the actual image of the eye. Provided sufficient illumination of the pupil, the correlation function showed a pronounced minimum at the reference position. The precision of the algorithm was tested by phantom measurements. For a given 1 mm or 2 mm displacement, the interface reported a mean shift of 0.96 +/- 0.18 mm or 2.07 +/- 0.11 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of a new optical fixation system for linear accelerator-based stereotaxis. The artifact-free application of the camera system during image acquisition and irradiation and the use of the computer interface, which automatically monitored eye movements with submillimeter precision, provided large improvements compared with existing techniques. Given well-defined interruption criteria and accelerated image processing, the described system has a high potential to perform automatically gated treatment beam delivery in the near future.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

High performance seizure-monitoring system using a vibration sensor and videotape recording: behavioral analysis of genetically epileptic rats.

A new seizure-monitoring apparatus containing a piezoceramic vibration sensor combined with videotape recording was developed. Behavioral analysis of Ihara's genetically epileptic rat (IGER), which is a recently developed novel mutant with spontaneously limbic-like seizures, was performed using this new device. Twenty 8-month-old male IGERs were monitored continuously for 72 h. Abnormal behaviors were detected by use of a vibration recorder, and epileptic seizures were confirmed by videotape recordings taken synchronously with vibration recording. Representative forms of seizures were generalized convulsions and circling seizures. Generalized convulsions were found in 13 rats, and circling seizures in 7 of 20 animals. Two rats had generalized and circling seizures, and two rats did not have seizures. Although there was no apparent circadian rhythm to the generalized seizures, circling seizures occurred mostly between 1800 and 0800 h. A correlation between the sleep-wake cycle and the occurrence of circling seizures seems likely. Without exception, all the seizure actions were recorded by the vibration recorder and the videotape recorder. To eliminate the risk of a false-negative result, investigators scrutinized the information obtained from the vibration sensor and the videotape recorder. The newly developed seizure-monitoring system was found to facilitate detailed analysis of epileptic seizures in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Eight-point glucose testing versus the continuous glucose monitoring system in evaluation of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.

CONTEXT: Advantages/disadvantages of continuous vs. discrete glucose monitoring are not well documented. OBJECTIVE: Compare glucose profiles from home meters vs. continuous sensors. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial conducted by the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) to assess the utility of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer. SETTING: Home glucose measurements. PATIENTS: Two hundred children (age, 7 to < 18 yr) with type 1 diabetes. INTERVENTION: At baseline, subjects were asked to wear the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) sensor and perform meter tests at eight prespecified times of the day (eight-point testing) each for 3 d (2 d using both, 1 d eight-point testing only, 1 d CGMS only). Hemoglobin A1c was measured in a central laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Six-month hemoglobin A1c. This analysis looked at baseline glucose profiles/hemoglobin A1c. RESULTS: Only 10% of subjects completed full eight-point testing for 3 d, but median CGMS use was 70 h. Mean glucose was lower when measured by the CGMS compared with eight-point testing (183 +/- 37 vs. 188 +/- 41 mg/dl; 10.2 +/- 2.1 vs.10.4 +/- 2.3 mmol/liter; P = 0.009), especially overnight (2400-0400 h; 174 vs. 199 mg/dl; 9.7 vs. 11.1 mmol/liter; P < 0.001). Associations of hemoglobin A1c with mean glucose were similar for eight-point testing [slope 23 mg/dl per 1% (1.3 mmol/liter); correlation 0.40; P < 0.001] and CGMS [slope 19 mg/dl per 1% (1.1 mmol/liter); correlation 0.39; P < 0.001]. Postprandial excursions were lower for eight-point testing vs. CGMS, especially after dinner (mean excursion -17 vs. 63 mg/dl; -1.0 vs. 3.5 mmol/liter; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both methods gave similar mean glucose profiles and associations with hemoglobin A1c. Advantages of the CGMS were higher density of data and better detection of postprandial peaks. However, the CGMS may overestimate the frequency of low glucose levels, especially overnight.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1984

A computer-assisted monitoring system for arrhythmia detection in a medical intensive care unit.

The arrhythmia detection capability of a computer-assisted monitoring system (CAMS) was studied in a large multidisciplinary ICU during an 18-month period. Four patient categories were evaluated: critically ill patients on mechanical volume respirators (group 1), patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (group 2), pacemaker-dependent patients (group 3), and patients on telemetry monitoring (group 4). ECG abnormalities were interpreted by the computer algorithm and recorded on paper. The same ECG abnormalities were analyzed independently by at least two critical care physicians unaware of the computer interpretations. The incidence of false-positive diagnoses (computer system errors) ranged from 10 in 1000 beats in groups 1, 2, and 4, to 20 in 1000 beats in group 3. Movement artifact accounted for 55.3% of all false-positive diagnoses. Of the total number of beats interpreted by the computer, 0.8% were false negatives and 3.8% were true positives. The most frequent true positive was pacemaker malfunction, which was diagnosed with 94% accuracy by the arrhythmia detection system. Significantly, rhythm abnormalities occurred as frequently in patients ventilated with mechanical respirators as in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2006

Noncontact vital sign monitoring system for isolation unit (casualty care system).

For measuring the vital signs of casualties inside an isolation unit, we developed a noncontact vital sign monitoring system using a microwave radar. The system was tested on eight healthy volunteers ranging in age from 30 to 48 years. The heart and respiratory rates derived by the microwave radar correlated with the heart and respiratory rates determined by electrocardiogram and respiratory sensor (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001 for heart rate; r = 0.84, p < 0.01 for respiratory rate). The exhaled CO and CO2, as a measure of trauma injury, were measured using an exhaled gas analyzer. The CO and CO2 concentrations were found to average 3.8 +/- 4.3 ppm and 2.9 +/- 0.4%, respectively. The expired air temperature and body temperature, as indicators of hemorrhagic hypothermia, averaged 31.8 +/- 1.7 degrees C and 36.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C, respectively. The results show that our system is promising for future prehospital application in determining casualty conditions for fluid infusions by the Casualty Care System intravenous lines.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Use of growth charts as a simple epidemiological monitoring system of nutritional status of children.

Community monitoring of the nutritional status of children has hitherto involved field surveys and lengthy computer analysis. These procedures are complex and cannot always be carried out on a routine basis. In addition, they do not provide immediate feedback or longitudinal information on the population under surveillance. This study describes a simple, universally applicable community survey system for monitoring the growth of infants and children that affords both cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[Congenital developmental defects in the genetic monitoring system. I. The selection of developmental defects subject to dynamic observation].

The requirements for selection of congenital malformations in the system of genetic monitoring as models have been studied. Model malformations have been shown to be easily and reliably diagnosed even in infancy. Their rate should be not less than 1:5000 births. The precise knowledge of the genetics of model forms is needed as well. Down's syndrome registration is the most convenient method for evaluation of mutations in a genome. We recommend registration in total all multiple congenital malformations (without Down's syndrome) for estimation of dominant mutability dynamics, as it was shown that more than 11% of all multiple malformations are caused by sporadic dominant mutations.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1997

Accuracy and clinical performance of a continuous intra-arterial blood-gas monitoring system during thoracoscopic surgery.

Accuracy and performance of the only currently available intra-arterial blood-gas monitoring system (Paratrend 7, PT7) were assessed in 23 patients during thoracoscopic surgery using one-lung ventilation. Over a wide range of values for arterial PO2 (6.1-61.1 kPa), PCO2 (4.1-9.5 kPa) and pH (7.19-7.50), 138 arterial blood-gas values obtained by PT7 were compared with corresponding in vitro laboratory blood-gas measurements. We found good clinical performance with the PT7 and good agreement between PT7 values and in vitro measurements for arterial PO2 (bias (1.96 SD) = 0.38 (9.52) kPa), PCO2 (0.31 (0.76) kPa) and pH (-0.017 (0.065)). Also, the bias for sequential changes between two, consecutive times was not significantly different from the ideal value of 0. We conclude that the PT7 is helpful in monitoring patients during thoracoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Establishment and effect of the drug safety management monitoring system].

Early detection and early treatment of adverse drug reactions have recently become more important. It is natural that physicians should treat adverse drug reactions carefully, but it is also important to establish a system for their early systematic detection and treatment. Therefore, by comparing current data with that preserved in our clinical laboratory's data management registry and identifying values significantly different from earlier values, we established a screening system for any condition which may have a possible relationship with drugs and feeds back the results to the physician(s) in charge (drug safety management monitoring system). The effectiveness of the system was then evaluated. The subjects were outpatients who visited the Diabetes Endocrine Metabolism Center of our hospital during a six-month period. Cases where the possibility of a relationship between abnormal changes of laboratory data and drugs was not ruled out were reported to the attending physician using a drug safety monitoring report form. In 14 of 34 cases reported, a relationship with drugs could not be ruled out. Two of these 14 cases were reported to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare because they were serious. Therefore, it was concluded that this system was useful for early detection of adverse reactions.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1999

The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): methods and 1996 response rates from 11 states.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is a unique and valuable MCH data source and an effective mechanism for states to collect MCH data, and to assess if recent changes in it have improved efficiency and flexibility. METHODS: Each component of the PRAMS methodology is described: sampling and stratification, data collection, questionnaire, and data management and weighting. To assess effectiveness, we calculated response rates, contact rates, cooperation rates, refusal rates, and questionnaire completion rates. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between maternal and infant characteristics and the likelihood of response. Four criteria were defined to measure improvement in PRAMS functioning. RESULTS: Overall response rates for the 11 states in 1996 ranged from 66% to 80%. Cooperation rates were high (85-99%), with contact rates somewhat lower (73-87%). Response rates were higher for women who were older, White, married, had more education, were first-time mothers, and had a normal-birthweight infant. In all states, parity and education were the most consistent predictors of response, followed by marital status and race. Between 1988-1990 and 1996-1999, the number of states and areas participating in PRAMS increased from 6 to 23, response rates improved, and the time for a state to start data collection and to obtain a weighted dataset both decreased. CONCLUSIONS: PRAMS is a unique and valuable MCH data source. The mail/telephone methodology used in PRAMS is an effective means of reaching most women who have recently given birth in the 11 states examined; however, some population subgroups are not reached as well as others. The system has become more efficient and flexible over time and more states now participate.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1988

A new monitoring system for the thermal neutron fluence rate and gamma dose rate in boron neutron capture therapy.

A new monitoring system for the thermal neutron fluence rate and gamma dose rate is described for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). A small pn junction Si diode was used as a new detector which was mechanically stronger and had better stability than a surface barrier detector. The pulse height of signals due to thermal neutrons was sufficiently high and was separated from signals due to gamma rays. The radiation damage to the detectors which results in a reduction of the pulse height was found to be quite small. By using the detectors, the thermal neutron fluence rate and gamma dose rate, not only in the head but also in the body, were measured simultaneously during therapy, and the new system has been efficiently used for BNCT of brain tumours.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Annual costs associated with disease incidence and prevention in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988.

Thirty-nine and 47 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf operations were monitored for health events and their associated costs during rounds 2 and 3, respectively, of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). Data were collected from each operation for a one-year period by NAHMS veterinarians through monthly interviews, and the costs associated with the incidence and prevention of disease conditions were determined and expressed on a per cow basis. The beef producers involved in this study spent an average of $32.75 per cow in round 2 and $40.97 per cow in round 3 on an annual basis for the treatment of disease conditions. These costs were not different between the 2 rounds because of the wide ranges in the individual herd costs for disease incidence in each round. In both years of the study, the largest contributor to the total mean annual cost of disease incidence was the cost of death of diseased animals, and this cost accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total mean annual cost in each round. The total mean annual costs of disease prevention in these herds were $11.24 and $11.19 per cow in rounds 2 and 3, respectively. There were wide ranges in both rounds in the amounts of money spent per cow by individual herds for disease prevention. The largest individual cost of disease prevention in each year was the cost of vaccines/drugs, whereas the smallest individual cost in each round was the cost of veterinary services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New monitoring system for ninety pesticides and related compounds in river water by solid-phase extraction with determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A new monitoring system was established for the determination of 90 pesticides and 10 pesticide degradation products in river water. The pesticides consisted of 18 fungicides, 30 insecticides, and 42 herbicides. The pesticides were extracted with a solid-phase, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, eluted with acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate, and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall recoveries ranged from 72 to 118%. The limits of detection were 0.01-0.1 microgram/L. This system determines most of the pesticides used in Japan and was successfully applied to practical monitoring of water polluted with pesticides and related compounds.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of an in vivo thyroid 131I monitoring system using an imaging plate.

The effects of neck diameter, thyroid volume, and prethyroid tissue thickness on a count-activity conversion coefficient and the detection limit of a thyroid 131I monitoring system with an imaging plate (IP) were estimated by using an anthropomorphic thyroid-neck phantom. The conversion coefficient and detection limit of the IP system was approximately constant for normal Japanese adults regardless of their neck diameters, thyroid volumes, and prethyroid tissue thicknesses. The IP system is a new option for thyroid 131I monitoring.

Humans↗