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The biochemical mutant of Microsporum gypseum requiring adenine shows characteristic dimorphism dependent upon temperature. At 37 degrees C it produces faviform aconidial colonies with spherical swollen cells similar to thin-walled chlamydospores. At 26 degrees C it yields the usual mycelium with conidia. Conversion of the faviform and mycelial forms is controlled by temperature and reversible.
The purpose of the work was to assess the immune response of guinea pigs after the experimental infection with Microsporum canis, and after immunization with a specific live vaccine. The guinea pigs after the recovery from infection showed a delayed type of hypersensitivity and in addition, 30 per cent of the animals were characterized by the presence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. All the animals were resistant to reinfection with M. canis and to some extent to Trichophyton verrucosum, however, no cross-immunity against T. mentagrophytes was found. The vaccinated animals were characterized mainly by delayed type of hypersensitivity and the resistance to approximately 1000 infectious doses of M. canis.
During a study of keratinolytic fungi in the ash heap ground, considerably influenced by the municipal landfill site, a rare potentially pathogenic dermatophyte, Microsporum racemosum Borelli, was recognized. This is the first report on its isolation in Poland. Morphological and ecological features of the fungus are discussed.
Mycotic infections caused by Microsporum canis occurred in 237 cases between 1983-1995 in Hajdú-Bihar county. The disease accumulated seasonally up during the beginning of summer and the end of autumn, in particularly. Children and young people had often got microsporiasis. Women patients seemed to be more frequent than men. The disease in many cases, appeared on all members of families. A main factor in spreading of pathogen were apparently healthy Persian cats. Only few cases could be observed in child-communities on the occasion of screening. The oral antimycotics-griseofulvin, terbinafine-combined with local ones proved efficacious in the treatment of scalp microsporia and extensive skin infections. Local antimycotical unguents/creames and solutions resulted acceptable effects in the therapy of localized microsporiatic symptoms. Cooperation between dermatologists, epidemiologists and veterinaries is needed for successful prevention.
In order to determine the prevalence and to characterize the carriage of Microsporum canis in cats, different mycological examinations (including a culture obtained by hair brushing and Wood's light examination) were performed on 632 animals of different origins. Group 1 comprised 467 healthy pet cats belonging to veterinary students. In this group, prevalence of carriage was 2.1%: eight cats were asymptomatic transient carriers and one cat was an asymptomatic infected animal presenting discrete Wood's-positive lesions disseminated on the whole body that were visible after sedation and clipping. The carriage prevalence was higher (15.7%) in group 2 comprising 134 European cats destroyed in a pound and kept together. In two additional groups of cats, it was shown that an infected cat was responsible for the dissemination of fungal material into its environment including the other in-contact animals. When the active source of fungus was removed, the dissemination stopped, resulting in a decrease in the amount of infective material recovered from both the animal carriers and the environmental surfaces. This was also observed in two experimental groups of guinea pigs. No association between feline immunodeficiency virus infection and the M. canis carriage was observed in a retrospective case-control study performed on group 2. None of these cats was feline leukaemia virus positive.
Conidium formation in 5 species of pathogenic hyphomycetous fungi, Sporothrix schenckii, Exophiala salmonis, E. sp., Geotrichum candidum and Microsporum canis were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The fungi, grown in pure culture on potato dextrose agar under defined conditions, demonstrated 4 kinds of conidiogenesis. The taxonomic value of the developmental characters in the classification of the Fungi Imperfecti is discussed.
Two cases of human ringworm caused by the dermatophyte Microsporum nanum are reported from South Australia. M. nanum is the commonest cause of ringworm in pigs and is known to cause porcine infections in Australia. This report shows the value of mycological investigations in determining the possible source of such infections.
OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of orally administered itraconazole in cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis. DESIGN: Uncontrolled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 15 cats with dermatophytosis caused by M canis. PROCEDURE: All cats were treated with itraconazole (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg [0.7 to 1.4 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h, for 15 days). Six cats had been treated with griseofulvin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) during a 60-day period, but their clinical condition had not improved. Five cats treated at the highest dosage of itraconazole vomited or became anorectic. Consequently, dosages were progressively decreased for each cat until adverse effects were not evident. After treatment, samples of hair were submitted for fungal cultures, and if appropriate, treatment was repeated when culture results were positive. RESULTS: 8 cats treated with itraconazole recovered completely, as indicated by resolution of lesions and negative results of fungal cultures. Six of these 8 cats received a single 15-day course of treatment, whereas the remaining 2 cats needed prolonged treatment (two 15-day courses of treatment and three 15-day courses of treatment). In 4 other cats that became clinically normal, M canis was isolated from hair samples obtained at the completion of treatment, even though only 1 colony or a small number of colonies was isolated. In the other 3 cats, itraconazole did not cause clinical improvement, and culture results remained positive. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Oral administration of itraconazole at dosages of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg may be useful for the treatment of cats with dermatophytosis attributable to M canis infections.
Goats and guinea pigs were found to be quite susceptible to infection with the bovine strain of Microsporum canis. The severe and characteristic annular lesions seen in goats suggested the suitability of this species as a model for future research. The lesions in both goats and guinea pigs are described in details. Trials on treatment of the experimentally induced lesions with 1% canesten cream and 6% neguvon solution were attempted. The efficacy of the drugs used were assessed on the basis of clinical observation., Wood's lamp, direct microscopy, culture and histopathology. Canesten cream produced quick and remarkable results which advocates its use in a widescale in veterinary practice.
We report the case of a 25-year-old, HIV-positive patient (group IV, A, C2 clinical stage) with a widespread dermatophyte infection. He was a male gypsy with a known history of intravenous drug abuse. After an episode of cerebral toxoplasmosis for which he was treated with systemic steroids (because of cerebral oedema) he developed, over 16 days, a remarkably extensive ringworm of the trunk due to an unusual zoophilic dermatophyte, Microsporum (Trichophyton) gallinae. Human infection with this dermatophyte species is unusual: there are as few as seven proven reported cases, all of whom had localized lesions. This is the first widespread and severe case reported in man and also the first reported from Spain.
BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis is the most common mycosis of the scalp in preschool and school-aged children in Greece. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of an 8-week course of oral terbinafine at different doses. METHODS: Patients received oral terbinafine at doses ranging from 3.3 to 12.5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks, as follows: group A, terbinafine 3.3 to </= 6.0 mg/kg/day (40 patients); group B, terbinafine > 6.0 to 7.0 mg/kg/day (23 patients); group C, terbinafine > 7.0 to 12.5 mg/kg/day (37 patients). Fungal microscopy and cultures were performed 4 weeks before the start of the treatment, at the end of the treatment (week 8) and at a follow-up visit at week 16. RESULTS: At week 8 mycological cure was achieved in one patient (2.7%) in group A, in 21 patients (91.3%) in group B and in 34 patients (97.1%) in group C. At week 16 mycological cure was achieved in one patient (2.7%) in group A, in 22 patients (95.7%) in group B and in 35 patients (100%) in group C. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0005) between dose level and efficacy of terbinafine at the end of the treatment period and also at the follow-up visit at week 16. Five patients (three in group A and two in group C) discontinued treatment because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of terbinafine at a dose of either 6-7 or 7-12.5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks is safe and effective for the treatment in children of tinea capitis caused by M. canis.
We report the case of a four year-old girl from Equatorial Guinea who had been living in Spain for the last month. She presented several alopecic patches on the scalp. The direct study of the hair with 40% KOH showed an ectothrix infection and the mycological study revealed the etiologic agent was Microsporum audouinii. We present this case because of its rarity in our country and we point out the increasing interest of the imported tineas due to immigration from African countries.
A 37 years old homosexual male with AIDS was diagnosed as having Tinea cruris and Tinea corporis. The patient was a garden designer and therefore he used to handle soil very often. Microsporum gypseum was identified on cultures from skin-scrapings and biopsy material taken from different cutaneous lesion. The same species was isolated from samples of soil the patient used to work with. The clinical history of the patient and its epidemiological aspects were deeply studied by the authors. We stress the value of identifying possible sources of dermatophytic infections in order to give advice to patients.
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