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PubMed2002

Hepatitis and liver dysfunction with rifampicin therapy for pruritus in primary biliary cirrhosis.

There is evidence to suggest that rifampicin is an effective second line therapy for controlling pruritus in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. It is most widely used as an antipruritic agent in the autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Rifampicin has been reported as causing hepatitis in patients being treated for tuberculosis. Most reports of this have been confounded however by the concurrent use of other hepatotoxic antitubercular therapy. Here we report a single centre experience of the use of rifampicin in PBC, and describe three cases of significant hepatitis associated with rifampicin therapy. Two of these patients had significant impairment of liver synthetic function (necessitating liver transplantation in one case). These are the first reports of impaired hepatic synthetic function due to rifampicin monotherapy. Rifampicin caused significant hepatitis in 7.3% (95% confidence interval 2.5-19.4%) of patients treated for cholestatic liver disease in our centre.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Liver dysfunction in residents exposed to leachate from a toxic waste dump.

It has been estimated that there are some 30,000 chemical waste dumps in the United States. Many of these landfill operations were undertaken in the early 1950s and 1960s, when knowledge regarding the safe and prolonged containment of the waste buried was nonexistent or minimal at best. As a result, many of these dump sites were located in areas that were geologically unsuitable for toxic chemical wastes. The Love Canal area in Niagara Falls, NY, is probably the best known of these dump sites. While a few of these sites have attracted wide media coverage, the availability of objective scientific information regarding the health effects of such sites has been deficient. The present study of a large toxic waste dump located in Hardeman County, TN, its contamination of surface and underground aquifers and the health effects on the area residents exposed via ingestion of contaminated water, offers the first objective evidence of organ dysfunction in such a human population. During this study comprehensive evaluation of that population revealed multiple symptoms, evidence of hepatomegaly and elevated liver function tests apparently caused by ingestion of water contaminated by numerous organic chemicals, many of which are known to be hepatotoxins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Jejunoileal bypass-induced liver dysfunction and bacterial translocation: effect of intraluminal glutamine-infusion.

We tested the effect of long-term intraluminal administration of glutamine on jejunoileal bypass (JIB) induced abnormalities in the plasma-liver profile in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) were subjected to an end to side JIB followed by daily intraluminal infusions of either 8 ml saline (n = 5), infused over a 4-hour period, or 8 ml saline containing 1g/Kg body weight glutamine (n = 7) for 3 weeks. Thirteen unoperated rats and four JIB rats without infusions served as controls. At the conclusion of the experiment, a cardiac blood sample was removed and analyzed for plasma cholesterol, albumin, total protein, gamma glutaril transferase, lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Tissue samples from various segments of bowel, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen underwent histopathologic examination. Bacteriological cultures were prepared from jejunum, ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Bacterial translocation occurred in both JIB-saline and JIB-glutamine infused rats. Glutamine-infused rats developed a significant decrease in the plasma cholesterol levels. However, glutamine did not prevent the JIB-induced alterations in the plasma-liver profile and bowel histopathology. It is suggested that experimental JIB procedure can be used as a model of bacterial translocation consequent to mucosal permeability and intestinal inflammatory diseases.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Liver dysfunction following splenectomy in idiopathic myelofibrosis: a study of 10 patients.

The hepatic abnormalities that developed after the splenectomy in 10 subjects with idiopathic myelofibrosis were analyzed. In all patients in whom a liver biopsy was performed during the splenectomy, extramedullary hematopoiesis was demonstrated, consisting of dysmorphic megakaryocytes primarily localized in the sinusoids, often accompanied by erythroid precursors. Following splenectomy, a significant increase in both the liver size and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was found within 6 months, whereas no such increase was observed in the serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase concentrations. In addition, 2 patients developed acute liver failure leading to death at 3 and 4 weeks from splenectomy, respectively. In contrast with these findings, no hepatic alterations were observed in 10 chronic myeloid leukemia patients who were also submitted to splenectomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liver dysfunction in patients with hemophilia A, B, and von Willebrand's disease.

Ninety-five patients with Hemophilia A, B and von Willebrand's disease followed over a three year period were evaluated for liver disease. Half of the patients were treated episodically and half received additional prophylactic treatment. Fifty-five per cent have significant transaminitis (elevated SGOT-SGPT), 42 per cent have biochemical evidence of chronic active liver disease and two per cent have subacute and active cirrhosis. There is an annual attack rate of Hepatitis B disease of 3.5 per cent and Hepatitis B antibody titres are present in 84 per cent. This asymptomatic liver disease requires close monitoring for clinical significance.

Adult↗