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PubMed1975

Mechanization of library procedures in a medium-sized medical library: XVI. Computer-assisted cataloging, the first decade.

After ten years of experimentation in computer-assisted cataloging, the Washington University School of Medicine Library has decided to join the Ohio College Library Center network. The history of the library's work preceding this decision is reviewed. The data processing equipment and computers that have permitted librarians to explore different ways of presenting cataloging information are discussed. Certain cataloging processes are facilitated by computer manipulation and printouts, but the intellectual cataloging processes such as descriptive and subject cataloging are not. Networks and shared bibliographic data bases show promise of eliminating the intellectual cataloging for one book by more than one cataloger. It is in this area that future developments can be expected.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1968

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. IV. Physical characteristics of the acquisitions-cataloging record.

Acquisitions-Cataloging records stored on magnetic tape by the Washington University School of Medicine Library were examined to determine frequency and average length of record components and their alphabetization requirements in a book catalog. Data from this study of 4,708 records will be used in adaptation of the Library's computer-based cataloging system to greater machine capabilities. The first of these two papers compares measurements found for WUSML records with those reported in studies of conventional catalog cards. The number of sorting positions used to alphabetize entries and causes of sort failure are examined in the second paper (Number V) which will be found on page 71 of this issue of the BULLETIN.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1975

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library: XV. A study of the interaction of nonlibrarian searchers with the MEDLINE retrieval system.

The MEDLINE searchhes of sixteen nonlibrarian searchers at the School of Medicine Library, Washington University, were examined to determine the amount of utilization of the interactive capabilities of the system. The searchers made an average of 5.7 search statement modifications of their original searc statements and it was concluded that they did indeed use the interactive capabilities of MEDLINE.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1991

The MAClinical Workstation Project at Georgetown University.

The intent of the MAClinical Workstation Project is to develop computer workstations for medical students of the sort they will use in future medical practice. The idea is to instill information query habits in the daily clinical activities of these young physicians-in-training. The Georgetown University Medical Center Library spearheads the project in conjunction with the School of Medicine. The library handles technical support, including software development, user training, equipment maintenance, and network installations. The project began in 1988 with nine Macintosh computers; today thirty machines are distributed throughout the Georgetown University Hospital conference rooms, faculty and resident offices, and at four affliated hospitals. The Macintosh computers are connected to the medical center's local area network (LAN) with access to the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and Library Information System (LIS) databases. The MAClinical workstations serve multiple educational purposes in the clinical setting. Primarily, students gain experience in medical informatics by using a variety of software systems installed at the stations: the H&P Writer, a history and physical system written in the C programming language, can be used by students to prepare the admission record on patients they examine; also, students can keep patient records, check findings against a diagnostic system, look up drugs and treatment protocols, develop medical sketches, and find additional information when needed in the medical literature.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1982

A self-supporting library service in a rural region: a new look at hospital consortia.

To meet the informational needs of health care practitioners and trainees in a four-county rural area of northwestern North Carolina, the eleven-member UNIFOUR Consortium was founded as a two-year experimental project from 1978 to 1980. The consortium has several unique features: (1) it is an organization of institutions, not libraries; (2) it employs its own professional librarian who manages a central library, coordinates consortium programs, and makes regular circuit visits to all affiliated institutions; (3) the central library, where the circuit is based, is a developing community hospital library, not an established academic medical center library; and (4) it is ultimately tied to the Northwest Area Health Education Center and that organization's emerging learning resources network, which includes the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Library, two other subregional libraries, and the libraries of all member institutions. At the end of the experimental period in 1980, member institutions voted unanimously to continue the program and assume their share of the costs.

Libraries, Hospital↗
PubMed1997

"Bridging the information gap" for Virginia public health nurses.

This project was designed to increase the public health nurse's knowledge and use of health science information resources available from the National Library of Medicine's databases through the use of the Grateful Med software program. In 1994, the Tompkins-McCaw Library located on the Medical College of Virginia Campus (MCV) of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) was awarded a Nursing Information Access Grant from the Southeastern/Atlantic Region of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This project was a collaboration of the Tompkins McCaw Library, the VCU School of Nursing, and The Virginia Department of Health. Sixty public health nurses received Grateful Med training. Session evaluations were conducted and indicate that although public health nurses received training and had access to health science information resources through Grateful Med, subsequent use of the resources was very limited. Similar to reports on information-seeking behaviors of physicians, public health nurses seek information from colleagues, personal collections, and other resources locally available. Reasons for the project's limited success in changing the health science information seeking and utilization practices of public health nurses are discussed, and potential solutions are proposed.

Grateful Med↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of services and educational programs in libraries serving problem-based curricula: a group self-study.

A group of librarians from institutions with formal problem-based learning (PBL) curricula tracks began meeting informally in 1989 to explore the common elements among libraries serving PBL curricula. In 1991, a self-study was undertaken to delineate library services in these schools and also to identify the mechanisms that enable libraries to respond directly to the PBL curriculum. This paper reports results of this self-study, including findings regarding services, collection access, library access, and, particularly, areas that facilitate the PBL process, such as availability of on-demand and tailored user education, end-user literature searching, and electronic mail. Formal and informal library instruction, both optional and required, is described. The self-study also identified structured and unstructured methods of student access to PBL curriculum resources, including bibliographies, formally defined reserve collections, and student and faculty resources. The many roles of the professional librarian within the PBL curriculum are described; librarians may serve as traditional service providers, as resource persons, as faculty, or as tutors or facilitators in PBL curriculum sessions.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2000

The Mount Sinai Hospital--a brief history.

In 1852, The Jews Hospital was founded for the increasing number of Jews in New York. It opened in 1855 with 45 beds on West 28th Street; 92% of the patients were indigent. In 1864, the hospital formally became nonsectarian and, in 1866, changed its name to The Mount Sinai Hospital. The medical staff was primarily Jewish, because until relatively recently, it was difficult for Jewish doctors to obtain postgraduate training or specialist posts at major New York hospitals. As the Jewish population moved uptown, so did The Mount Sinai Hospital: in 1870 to 66th Street, and in 1904 to 100th Street, with 456 beds, growing with new buildings and services to the current 1100 beds, 50,000 discharges, 400,000 inpatient days and 300,000 outpatient visits each year. Services increasingly became specialized, and then subspecialized. Key innovations included the choice of interns by competitive examination (1872), an advisory Medical Board (1872), the Nurse Training School (1881), the library (1883), the Alumni Association (1896), a professional medical hospital administrator (1903), research laboratories (1904), clinicopathological conferences (1905), the Social Services Department (1906), postgraduate teaching programs (1923), full-time chiefs of clinical services (1944), the dedication of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1968), and the merger in 1998 into the Mount Sinai-New York University Medical Center.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1987

Computer-aided learning: experiences, perspectives and promises.

Despite the recent strong interest in computer-aided learning, very few high quality programs are available. This article describes an authoring system that was designed to help faculty at medical schools develop a library of effective computer-based lessons. Features of the system include ease of authoring and the ability to incorporate natural language input by the learner, model complex situations, keep track of 100 performance variables and employ interactive laser video disk technology. The authors describe the experience that has been gained in the development and implementation of computer-aided learning at a medical school, and reflect on its future applications and value.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

Development, utilisation, and importance of accident and emergency department derived assault data in violence management.

OBJECTIVES: To develop formal processes for the collection, disclosure, and effective use of accident and emergency (A&E) department derived assault injury data for city violence reduction. METHODS: Over a four year period, managed by a multi-agency steering group, A&E data collection, collation, and disclosure processes were developed, instituted, and refined. Consultations and negotiations between agencies identified the most effective and ethical methods, appropriate recipients, and the nature of the information of most use. RESULTS: Disclosure of A&E data to city authorities, the police, and local media drew substantial attention and crime prevention resources to the locations of violence. As a result, a police task force responsible for targeting city street crime was funded, which analysed both A&E and police information. Monthly, electronic transfer of raw, anonymous data to the task force crime analyst informed and prompted violence prevention initiatives by several agencies. Police mounted overt and covert interventions targeted at violence hotspot licensed premises and used the data to oppose, on injury grounds, drinks/entertainment licence applications. Transport authorities established new half hourly night time city centre bus services. The local authority mounted an assault awareness campaign in schools and public libraries, and licensing magistrates used the data to measure, for example, the impact of continuous 36 hour drinks licensing on public safety. CONCLUSIONS: The principal finding of this evaluation was that judicious sharing of unique information about locations and times of violence derived from A&E patients was a powerful and effective means of targeting police and other local resource to bring about violence reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Growth and determinants of access in patient e-mail and Internet use.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the rate of access to and use of the Internet and e-mail, to determine sociodemographic predictors of access, and to measure the change in Internet and e-mail access over a 1-year interval. DESIGN: Survey study. Comparison of data with those from a similar survey from 1998. SETTING: Emergency department of a large urban pediatric teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Primary caretakers of pediatric patients or the patients themselves if aged 16 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of and access to the Internet or e-mail. RESULTS: We surveyed 214 individuals: 72.8% use or have access to the Internet, e-mail, or both, an increase from 52.2% in the 1998 survey (P<.001), and 48.5% regularly use the Internet or e-mail, compared with 43.1% in 1998 (P = .32). Outside the home, access is primarily at work (52.2%), schools (8.9%), public libraries (11.5%), and friends' and relatives' houses (16.7%). Internet use and access are linearly correlated with income (r = 0.43; P<.001). White patients are more likely to have access (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.4; P<.001) than black or Asian patients, whereas those of Hispanic ethnicity are less likely to have access (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.43; P<.001). However, after adjustment for race and Hispanic ethnicity, only income was a significant predictor of family access to the Internet and e-mail. CONCLUSIONS: During the past year, many patients have gained access to the Internet and e-mail, although rates of regular use have remained steady. This access is often from outside the home. Furthermore, access is directly related to income and is unevenly distributed across racial and ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗