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PubMedDate not supplied

Preparing librarians to meet the challenges of today's health care environment.

OBJECTIVE: Refine the understanding of the desirable skills for health sciences librarians as a basis for developing a training program model that reflects the fundamental changes in health care delivery and information technology. DESIGN: A four-step needs assessment process: focus groups developed lists of desirable skills; the research team organized candidate skills into a taxonomy; a survey of a random sample of librarians and library users assessed perception of importance of individual skills; and the research team framed, as a unifying hypothesis, a training model. SURVEY METHODS: The survey was distributed to random samples of 150 librarians, stratified by type of library, and 150 library users, stratified by type of use. A non-randomized sample was obtained by mounting the survey on a World Wide Web server. The survey instrument included 96 distinct skills organized into 13 categories. Respondents rated the importance of each skill on a Likert scale and provided a separate ranking by identifying the ten most important skills for the profession. RESULTS: Among the participants, 51% of librarians and 36% of library users responded to the survey. All categories of skills were rated above the midpoint of priority on the Likert scale. All groups rated personality characteristics and skills as most important, with an understanding of the health sciences, education, and research being rated comparably to technical skills. CONCLUSIONS: Health sciences librarians need a new educational model that provides them with broad-based tools to discover new roles and new resources for acquiring individual skills as the need arises. A unifying training model would involve trainees in developing their learning plan in a way that promotes proactive inquiry and self-directed learning, and it would rotate the trainees through projects to provide skills and an understanding of end-user work processes.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ascaris suum: cDNA microarray analysis of 4th stage larvae (L4) during self-cure from the intestine.

There is spontaneous cure of a large portion of Ascaris suum 4th-stage larvae (L4) from the jejunum of infected pigs between 14 and 21 days after inoculation (DAI). Those L4 that remain in the jejunum continue to develop while those that have moved to the ileum are eventually expelled from the intestines. Although increases in intestinal mucosal mast cells and changes in local host immunity are coincidental with spontaneous cure, the population of L4 that continue to develop in the jejunum may counteract host protective mechanisms by the differential production of factors related to parasitism. To this end, a cDNA library was constructed from L4 isolated from pig jejunum at 21 DAI, and 93% of 1920 original clones containing a single amplicon in the range 400-1500 bp were verified by gel electrophoresis and printed onto glass slides for microarray analysis. Fluorescent probes were prepared from total RNA isolated from: (1) 3rd stage-larvae from lung at 7 DAI, (L3); (2) L4 from jejunum at 14 DAI (L4-14-J); (3) L4 from jejunum at 21 DAI (L4-21-J); (4) L4 from ileum at 21 DAI (L4-21-I, and; (5) adults (L5). Cy3-labeled L3, L4-14-J, L4-21-I and L5 cDNA, and Cy5-labeled L4-21-J cDNA were simultaneously used to screen the printed arrays containing the L4-21-J-derived cDNA library. Several clones showed consistent differential gene expression over two separate experiments and were grouped into 3 distinct transcription patterns. The data showed that sequences from muscle actin and myosin, ribosomal protein L11, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase were highly expressed in L4-21-J, but not in L4-21-I; as were a collection of un-annotated genes derived from a worm body wall-hypodermis library, and a testes germinal zone tissue library. These results suggest that only actively developing A. suum L4 are destined to parasitize the host and successfully neutralize host protective responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

MYB transcription factors are differentially expressed and regulated during secondary vascular tissue development in hybrid aspen.

More than 120,000 poplar ESTs have been sequenced from 20 different cDNA libraries by the Swedish Centre for Tree Functional Genomics. We screened this EST collection for MYB transcription factors involved in secondary vascular tissue formation, and genes assigned as PttMYB3Ra, PttMYB4a and PttMYB21a were selected for further characterisation. Three MYB genes showed different expression patterns in various organs, tissues and stem sub-sections representing different developmental stages of vascular tissue formation. Furthermore, the analysis showed that PttMYB21a expression was much higher in secondary cell wall formation zone of xylem and phloem fibers than in other developmental zones. Transgenic hybrid aspen plants, expressing the 3'-part of the PttMYB21a gene in antisense orientation were generated to assess the function of PttMYB21a gene in vascular tissue formation and lignification. All transgenic lines showed reduced growth and had fewer internodes compared to the wild-type. The analysis of selected lines showed that acid soluble lignin present in the bark was higher in transgenic lines as compared to wild-type plants. Moreover a higher transcript level of caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase [CCoAOMT]; EC 2.1.1.104) was found in the phloem of the transgenic plants, suggesting that PttMYB21a might function as a transcriptional repressor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Mapping the literature of diagnostic medical sonography.

Diagnostic medical sonography has been evolving as a recognized allied health occupation since the early 1970s, but no bibliometric studies of the literature of the field have been published. This study, part of the Medical Library Association Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section's Project for Mapping the Literature of Allied Health, attempted to identify the core journals in diagnostic medical sonography and determine how well these journals are indexed by MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Citation analysis was done using the three journals listed for the field by the Brandon/Hill list. Characteristics of two of these three journals affected the results to the extent that more data should be gathered to reach conclusions about the literature of diagnostic medical sonography as a whole. Results of the analysis do suggest that the literature of echocardiography, which is a special area of diagnostic medical sonography, is indexed much more completely by MEDLINE and EMBASE/Excerpta Medica than by CINAHL. Suggestions are made for librarians making collection development decisions in this area of allied health.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

The Primary Care Electronic Library (PCEL) five years on: open source evaluation of usage.

BACKGROUND: The Primary Care Electronic Library (PCEL) is a collection of indexed and abstracted internet resources. PCEL contains a directory of quality-assured internet material with associated search facilities. PCEL has been indexed, using metadata and established taxonomies. Site development requires an understanding of usage; this paper reports the use of open source tools to evaluate usage. This evaluation was conducted during a six-month period of development of PCEL. OBJECTIVE: To use open source to evaluate changes in usage of an electronic library. METHOD: We defined data we needed for analysis; this included: page requests, visits, unique visitors, page requests per visit, geographical location of users, NHS users, chronological information about users and resources used. RESULTS: During the evaluation period, page requests increased from 3500 to 10,000; visits from 1250 to 2300; and unique visitors from 750 to 1500. Up to 83% of users come from the UK, 15% were NHS users. The page requests of NHS users are slowly increasing but not as fast as requests by other users in the UK. PCEL is primarily used Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday is the busiest day with use lessening through the week. NHS users had a different list of top ten resources accessed than non-NHS users, with only four resources appearing in both. CONCLUSIONS: Open source tools provide useful data which can be used to evaluate online resources. Improving the functionality of PCEL has been associated with increased use.

Information Dissemination↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis E virus (HEV): the novel agent responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis.

A normally endemic form of viral hepatitis is the cause of major epidemic outbreaks in developing countries. This disease has a global distribution and has been referred to as water-borne, epidemic or enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH). Although the fecal-oral route of transmission predominates, person-to-person routes of exposure were also suggested in some epidemiologic studies. The disease has been documented as having an extremely high mortality in pregnant women (approximately 20%). Sporadic cases of ET-NANBH, as well as imported travel exposures, have been reported in developed countries. Molecular cloning was hampered by the lack of a tissue culture system for virus propagation, however, an available animal model and a newly developed non-specific amplification procedure were used to clone and identify an exogenous cDNA (ET1.1) from a Burma-isolate infected animal. Molecular clones were also identified by immunoscreening of a cDNA library made from a fecal specimen collected from a Mexican outbreak of ET-NANBH. The isolation and sequencing of a set of overlapping cDNA clones had led to the recognition that this form of hepatitis is caused by a virus unlike any of the other viral hepatitis agents. The molecular characterization of HEV will lead to important pathobiologic insights and hasten the development of potentially useful diagnostic and therapeutic products for ET-NANBH.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1981

[Documentation in developing countries and related technological issues].

While bibliographical referencing and indexing services have risen to a high level of efficiency-thanks to computers and other technical innovations-the same cannot be said for documentation in the form of texts and charts. However early an order is placed, it can take weeks for the final stage of the process to be completed. If even in developed countries the process can be slow and costly, in developing countries it is affected by the same socioeconomic conditions that impede the provision of health services. In the latter countries wide variations are apparent in the numbers of libraries, collections and lending library systems, and in the accessibility of books and journals on health. For physicians and nurses at some remote locations the only source of information on discoveries and new ideas may be the advertising supplied to them by traveling medical salesmen. There are grounds for optimism, however. In these countries more and more important books and journals are being published in the health field. In Latin America a number of areas of national interaction have come into view which promise to grow into a true network of biomedical and health information.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

Not just for celebrities: collaborating with a PR representative to market library education services.

Hardin Library for the Health Sciences offers an education service called Hardin House Calls. In collaboration with the University of Iowa libraries' public relations coordinator, the education team developed a marketing campaign for Hardin House Calls. Marketing strategies included designing a new logo, meeting with external relations representatives and faculty, distributing a user survey, and producing and distributing posters and advertisements. These marketing strategies greatly increased the visibility and use of Hardin House Calls. The campaign also led to a series of faculty development sessions, education collaborations with smaller health sciences departments, and collection development opportunities. Promoting an instructional service through a public relations frameworkwas found to be a highly successful strategy.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1983

Bibliographic control of medical illustrations--a case study in the development of a library subsystem: II. Project implementation.

This second part of a two-part paper describes how the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Library implemented a bibliographic control system for a medical illustrations collection. Discussed are the staffing of the project, the design of formats and computer programs, further design changes, the input process, quality evaluation of the illustrations, and production and distribution of the control products (printed indexes and microfiche replicas). The report ends with a note on the applicability of the UCSF system to other libraries, and some benefits of the project.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2000

EMGLib: the enhanced microbial genomes library (update 2000).

As the number of complete microbial genomes publicly available is still growing, the problem of annotation quality in these very large sequences remains unsolved. Indeed, the number of annotations associated with complete genomes is usually lower than those of the shorter entries encountered in the repository collections. Moreover, classical sequence database management systems have difficulties in handling entries of such size. In this context, the Enhanced Microbial Genomes Library (EMGLib) was developed to try to alleviate these problems. This library contains all the complete genomes from prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) already sequenced and the yeast genome in GenBank format. The annotations are improved by the introduction of data on codon usage, gene orientation on the chromosome and gene families. It is possible to access EMGLib through two database systems set up on WWW servers: the PBIL server at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/emglib.html and the MICADO server at http://locus.jouy.inra.fr/micado

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

The Research Funding Service: a model for expanded library services.

Traditionally, libraries have provided a modest amount of information about grants and funding opportunities to researchers in need of research funding. Ten years ago, the University of Washington (UW) Health Sciences Libraries and Information Center joined in a cooperative effort with the School of Medicine to develop a complete, library-based grant and funding service for health sciences researchers called the Research Funding Service. The library provided space, access to the library collection, equipment, and electronic resources, and the School of Medicine funded staff and operations. The range of services now includes individual consultation appointments, an extensive Web site, classes on funding database searching and writing grant applications, a discussion series that frequently hosts guest speakers, a monthly newsletter with funding opportunities of interest to the six health sciences schools, extensive files on funding sources, and referral services.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1993

USDA's Plant Genome Research Program.

Biotechnology will provide U.S. farmers with another green revolution. The United States Department of Agriculture has put together the Plant Genome Research Program as a coordinated multi-agency effort within the department to help develop the "new agriculture." The Cooperative State Research Service is managing the program's competitive research grants. Research topics include high- and low-resolution chromosomal maps; the isolation and transfer of economically important genes; and new technology developments. The Agricultural Research Service is the lead agency for the Plant Genome Research Program and coordinates data collection and information management resources for the program. Five species groups are collaborating in the database development effort for the program by defining the user needs for their species and collecting and evaluating their species data for the database. A central database for the Plant Genome Research Program is under development at the National Agricultural Library (NAL) and ultimately will contain data for as many as seventy-one different plant species. NAL will provide user access via Internet, dial-up modem, and, at a later date, a CD-ROM product.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1997

2006 expressed-sequence tags derived from human chromosome 7-enriched cDNA libraries.

The establishment and mapping of gene-specific DNA sequences greatly complement the ongoing efforts to map and sequence all human chromosomes. To facilitate our studies of human chromosome 7, we have generated and analyzed 2006 expressed-sequence tags (ESTs) derived from a collection of direct selection cDNA libraries that are highly enriched for human chromosome 7 gene sequences. Similarity searches indicate that approximately two-thirds of the ESTs are not represented by sequences in the public databases, including those in dbEST. In addition, a large fraction (68%) of the ESTs do not have redundant or overlapping sequences within our collection. Human DNA-specific sequence-tagged sites (STSs) have been developed from 190 of the ESTs. Remarkably, 180 (96%) of these STSs map to chromosome 7, demonstrating the robustness of chromosome enrichment in constructing the direct selection cDNA libraries. Thus far, 140 of these EST-specific STSs have been assigned unequivocally to YAC contigs that are distributed across the chromosome. Together, these studies provide > 2000 ESTs highly enriched for chromosome 7 gene sequences, 180 new chromosome 7 STSs corresponding to ESTs, and a definitive demonstration of the ability to enrich for chromosome-specific cDNAs by direct selection. Furthermore, the libraries, sequence data, and mapping information will contribute to the construction of a chromosome 7 transcript map.

Brain↗
PubMed2025

NRG-P0074 Viral Sample RU1 from Unclassified Mosigvirus Genomic Characterization and Host Range Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning models for phage-host range prediction and design require comprehensive training data on phage genomes and host ranges to predict phage-host interactions effectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study characterizes phage sample NRG-P0074 viral sample RU1 from unclassified Mosigvirus, originally isolated by the Betty Kutter. The complete genome of NRG-P0074 was sequenced, annotated, and analyzed using various bioinformatic tools. Host range analysis was conducted using the Escherichia coli Reference (ECOR) Library and nine Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 strains (Keio Knockout Collection) with single nonessential gene deletions. RESULTS: The genome of NRG-P0074 spans 168,357 base pairs with a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 37.5%. NRG-P0074 exhibited permissiveness in 15.28% of the ECOR isolates and all 9 Keio knockout strains. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that NRG-P0074 is closely related to E. coli phage a20. Its genome is comprised of 270 coding sequences, 153 known genes, 16 terminators, 3 ribosomal-binding sites, 0 tRNAs, and 117 hypothetical proteins. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides valuable data for developing machine learning models to predict phage-host interactions, aiding the development of targeted phage therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

ECOR Library↗
PubMed2001

Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) screening of a marine archaeal clone library to determine the different phylotypes.

T-RFLP clone characterization (screening) was optimized for a fast and basepair-accurate characterization of clones from marine Archaea collected from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Because of the high sensitivity of T-RFLP fingerprinting, a protocol was developed where 10 initial PCR cycles gave detectable terminal fragments from clones. Additionally, forward and reverse primers for PCR were individually labeled and detected simultaneously to assess the suitability of the forward and reverse fragments for T-RFLP screening. Based on independent restriction digests with the tetrameric restriction enzymes HhaI, RsaI and HaeIII to characterize the 49 archaeal clones in our library, the clones were grouped into 13 T-RFLP operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Reverse fragments generally gave less heterogeneous fragments in size. The accuracy of T-RFLP screening was evaluated by sequencing representative clones. Closely related clones ( approximately 97% similarity) could only be resolved with multiple restriction digests where forward and reverse fragments were included in the analysis. All fragments from the clone library were detected in the T-RFLP fingerprint from the complex archaeal community. We found representatives of marine group I, II and III Archaea. Thus, the recently discovered low abundant marine group III Archaea could be clearly differentiated from the other clones in our library and comprised a considerable fraction of the clone library ( approximately 12%). Therefore, our T-RFLP screening approach proved successful in characterizing novel archaeal sequences from the marine environment.

Archaea↗
PubMed1991

Immunological crossreactivity between a cloned antigen of Onchocerca volvulus and a component of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is a major blinding disease in Africa, Central America, and South America. Loss of vision can be due to corneal change, optic atrophy, or chorioretinal disease. It has been suggested that autoimmunological reactions resulting from crossreactivity between parasite antigens and components of eye tissues contribute to development of ocular pathology. Using sera collected from onchocerciasis patients as a screening reagent, a cDNA clone (Ov39) has been isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library of Onchocerca volvulus. This antigen exhibits immunological crossreactivity with a component of retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE). Antiserum raised against this recombinant peptide immunoprecipitates a 22,000 Mr antigen of adult O. volvulus and recognizes a 44,000 Mr component of bovine RPE by Western blotting. A 44,000 Mr antigen of cultured human RPE metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine can be immunoprecipitated with the same antiserum. An antigen of the same size is recognized by a rabbit antiserum raised against whole O. volvulus extract. Immunocytochemical studies on cryostat sections of the bovine eye using the antirecombinant sera localizes this antigen to the RPE.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2025

SMART-RNA-Metavirome: a practical RNA metavirome platform compatible with high-throughput sequencing of both short and long reads.

BACKGROUND: The RNA virosphere's extensive diversity and its role in emerging infectious diseases underscore the importance of non-targeted sequencing for identifying unknown or rare pathogens, including co-infections. However, enriching low-abundance viral sequences in RNA metaviromics, particularly in the preparation of cDNA libraries and their compatibility with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and third-generation sequencing (TGS), remains challenging. Therefore, our objective is to develop and systematically assess a practical RNA metavirome methodology specifically tailored for the enrichment of low-abundance viral sequences within samples. METHODS: We developed the SMART-RNA-Metavirome platform, integrating SMART-9n library preparation with NGS and TGS technologies. Total RNA was extracted from two field-collected wild Aedes albopictus pools, along with one laboratory-infected Ae. albopictus pool harboring dengue virus (DENV). This RNA was subjected to reverse transcription using both this optimized protocol and random primer-based methods, followed by high-throughput sequencing on Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, and QitanTech Nanopore technologies. Welch's t-test was employed for comparative analysis of the subsequent RNA metavirome data, specifically to evaluate differences in viral species composition and abundance of viral reads between experimental groups. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this platform was systematically validated via RT-qPCR and SMART-RNA-Metavirome-based Oxford Nanopore sequencing across multiple sample types, including mosquito specimens from DENV-infected Ae. albopictus, serum samples from dengue patients and viral isolates of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). RESULTS: The SMART-RNA-Metavirome platform has been systematically validated to excel in enriching the composition and diversity of the RNA virome (P = 0.04), providing sufficient coverage for the complete reconstruction of viral genomes. When employed in the detection of DENV-infected Ae. albopictus, clinical serum samples, and viral isolates of JEV and ZIKV, this technique exhibits a robust correlation with RT-qPCR (r2 > 0.95). Notably, it demonstrates exceptional sensitivity, ensuring sufficient coverage even in samples of DENV-infected Ae. albopictus with a Ct-value of 35.3, attaining an impressive 99.88% genome coverage. Furthermore, this platform possesses the capability to identify virus species and determine their serotypes. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the SMART-RNA-Metavirome platform outperforms traditional methods, enriching RNA virome composition and diversity, enabling practical compatibility with both NGS and TGS technologies. It demonstrates significant proficiency in detecting both known and unknown arboviruses, even in low-titer samples such as those from wild mosquitoes and clinical sera. This platform facilitates comprehensive monitoring, risk assessment, and early warning of RNA virus transmissions, enhancing our understanding of RNA virome diversity and ecological patterns.

High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing↗
PubMed1987

A CATLINE SDI for the reference department: collection development and current awareness tool.

A method for using a CATLINE SDI (selected dissemination of information) as a current awareness and collection development tool for the health sciences reference department is described. This paper reports three years of experience with this service in an academic health sciences library. It emphasizes the exploitation of four data elements in the CATLINE file: the Abstracting and Indexing Tag (AI) Data Element; the Shelving Location (SL) Data Element; the MeSH Heading (MH) Data Element; the Subheading Qualifier (SH) Data Element.

Catalogs, Library↗