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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Interstitial laser coagulation in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a diode laser system: results of an evolving technology.

Interstitial laser coagulation (ILC) treatment is a recent technique in the treatment of BPH that is evolving rapidly. The results of a prospective randomised study vs transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is presented as well as results of patients treated with a temperature sensing laser system. The first study included 44 patients treated in a prospective randomised study (randomisation ILC vs TURP=2:1) comparing changes in objective and subjective parameters. In the second part of the study the outcome of the treatment of 34 patients with BPH using ILC performed with a temperature-sensing laser system are presented. The clinical outcome at 12, 26, 52 and 104 weeks was evaluated with symptom scores, quality of life measures, changes in voided volume, post void residual, and peak flow rate. In addition changes in prostate volume and urodynamic parameters at half a year follow-up are presented. In this randomised study patients improved markedly at any time during follow-up. In the ILC group there was a significant and persisting subjective improvement whereas the improvements in the TURP group were even more significant. The changes in voiding parameters, including changes in pressure-flow parameters, are superior in the TURP group compared to the changes in the ILC group. The retreatment rate for the ILC group is 21% compared to 7% in the TURP group, no patient with incontinence was documented in either group, while only one patients in the TURP group developed a urethral stricture. In the second part of the study, the clinical improvements following laser therapy using the temperature sensing treatment mode were more pronounced in voiding parameters when compared to those of the randomised laser group. Lower energy interstitial laser treatment of the prostate results in a significant improvement of all clinical parameters that are inferior to improvement following transurethral resection of the prostate. When using a temperature sensing system, the objective results of laser treatment improved and seem to be more durable.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

SEM analysis of dentin treated with the Er:YAG laser: a pilot study of the consequences resulting from laser use on adhesion mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological characteristics of lased dentinal surfaces obtained by chemical etching, which was applied either before or after laser treatment. The adhesive interface after the application of an adhesive-composite system on the above mentioned dentinal surfaces was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen caries-free permanent molars were transversally cut to obtain the dentinal surfaces. Ten of these surfaces were divided into three main groups according to their preparation modality: laser only, laser followed by chemical etching, and chemical etching before laser. The Er:YAG laser was used with two different energy outputs: 200 and 400 mJ at 1 Hz. The eight remaining surfaces were divided into two groups and followed the same preparation as the first three groups. The only difference was a change in frequency: 4 Hz was used for treating these surfaces. An adhesive system (Scotchbond 1, 3M), a thin layer of flowable composite (Tetric Flow, Vivadent), and a regular composite (Z250, 3M) were applied to each dentinal surface and then separately light cured. In order to evaluate the dentine-restoration interface, the samples were cut longitudinally and prepared for SEM observation. RESULTS: The dentinal surfaces that were etched by the laser treatment did not demonstrate the characteristics necessary for guaranteeing a good bond with the adhesive materials. A closer observation of the dentine-restoration interface revealed some micro-fractures located just below the lased dentinal surface. CONCLUSION: The decision to use the Er:YAG laser as an alternative to conventional techniques of acid etching is currently arguable. Given that the available adhesive systems require acid conditioning, it would not be advisable to skip this operative step.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of laser, dry needling, and placebo laser treatments in myofascial pain syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy in myofascial pain syndrome treatment. BACKGROUND DATA: Myofascial pain syndrome is a disease that is characterized by hypersensitive points called trigger points found in one or more muscles and/or connective tissues. It can cause pain, muscle spasm, sensitivity, stiffness, weakness, limitation of range of motion and rarely autonomic dysfunction. Physical therapy modalities and exercise are used in the treatment of this frequently encountered disease. METHODS: The placebo controlled, prospective, long-term follow up study was planned with 60 patients who had trigger points in their upper trapezius muscles. The patients were divided into three groups randomly. Stretching exercises were taught to each group and they were asked to exercise at home. Treatment duration was 4 weeks. Placebo laser was applied to group 1, dry needling to group 2 and laser to group 3. He-Ne laser was applied to three trigger points in the upper trapezius muscles on both sides with 632.8 nm. The patients were assessed at before, post-treatment, and 6 months after-treatment for pain, cervical range of motion and functional status. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in pain at rest, at activity, and increase in pain threshold in the laser group compared to other groups. Improvement according to Nottingham Health Profile gave the superiority of the laser treatment. However, those differences among the groups were not observed at 6-month follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Laser therapy could be useful as a treatment modality in myofascial pain syndrome because of its noninvasiveness, ease, and short-term application.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of laser annealing parameters for optimal laser-damage performance in deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Laser annealing via preexposure to laser pulses at sub-damage-threshold fluences is known to improve the resistance of KDP crystals to laser-induced damage. Using a specific damage-testing method, we investigate the laser annealing process as a function of fluence and number of preexposure pulses (at 355 nm, 2.5 ns). Our aim is to reveal the key laser parameters in order to devise a practical and efficient protocol for optimizing performance of the material for operation in laser systems in the near UV. Results suggest that a near twofold improvement to the laser-damage performance can be achieved with a limited number of preexposure pulses.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Inflammation patterns after laser trabeculoplasty measured with the laser flare meter.

Anterior chamber inflammation was measured in 71 eyes after argon laser trabeculoplasty with the laser flare-cell meter (Kowa FC-1000). Visual acuity, tonometry, and laser flare measurement were performed before and 3, 6, and 18 hours and 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Anterior chamber inflammation peaked 2 days after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Forty-nine percent of the eyes showed significant inflammation, with a flare increase of more than 10 photon counts per millisecond over prelaser values. Inflammation was significantly more frequent in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (69%) and pigmentary glaucoma (100%) than in primary open angle glaucoma (23%). Post-argon laser trabeculoplasty relative pressure decrease was significantly more important in the group of patients with inflammation than in the group without inflammation in the early and late follow-up periods. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment (diclofenac sodium) was needed in 17 patients, who readily responded to treatment within 72 hours.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A laser pumped Nd(3+)-doped YAG fiber-optic thermal tip for laser thermotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Photo-thermal converters have been successfully used in laser surgery; however, most of the currently used converters are likely to be damaged in the operations due to various problems, preventing them from being efficiently and repeatedly used in laser thermotherapy. Aiming to solve these problems, we report a new type of fiber-optic photo-thermal converter with higher stability. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A laser-pumped highly Nd(3+)-doped Y(3)Al(5)O(12) (YAG) crystal fiber tip had been fabricated for photo-thermal conversion by means of phonon relaxation. The 15at.% neodymium-doped near cylindrical YAG crystal fiber tip, with maximum diameter of 1.1 mm and length of 2.7 mm, was fabricated on a 1 mm-thick 42 mm-long pure YAG single crystal fiber by laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pumping by a Ti:Sapphire laser with central wavelength of 805 nm, the tip generated a temperature rise of 15 degrees C in egg white with pumping power of 710 mW, the tip temperature increased approximately linearly with the increased pumping power. The distribution of the temperature in two media had also been measured. Experimental results indicated that the tip was promising for laser thermotherapy applications.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2003

[From Einstein's Quantum Theory to modern laser therapy. The history of lasers in dermatology and aesthetic medicine].

Laser technology has considerably expanded therapeutic modalities in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. In addition, lasers have broadened the spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic options in many other medical fields. Dermatologists, especially Dr. Leon Goldman, played an important role in the evolution and use of medical lasers. There was a long way from the concept of stimulated emission as the fundamental idea of laser technology by Albert Einstein in 1917 to the practical use of the laser today. We review the development of laser technology from the early days through the latest advances.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Transpupillary CW YAG laser coagulation. A comparison with argon green and krypton red lasers.

The authors have developed a CW YAG laser for transpupillary coagulation. The effects of CW YAG coagulation on the retina, retinal vessels, and fovea were compared with those produced by the krypton red and argon green lasers. To produce threshold coagulative lesions in monkeys and rabbits, we needed five to ten times more energy with the CW YAG than with the krypton red or argon green lasers. Nerve fiber damage was observed only when coagulating retinal vessels with the argon green laser. At the parameters used, none of the lasers damaged the sensory retina of the fovea. The CW YAG may be used as a new mode of laser coagulation in the treatment of retinal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the anterior chamber inflammatory response to diode and argon laser trabeculoplasty using a laser flare meter.

BACKGROUND: Diode laser trabeculoplasty (DLT) has a similar hypotensive action to argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). However, anterior chamber inflammatory response and laser-induced discomfort are less pronounced with DLT. The authors compared the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier after DLT and ALT over the time course of 1 week and the hypotensive action over 8 weeks. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) were randomized to either DLT or ALT. If two eyes required treatment, then the second eye would be treated with the alternative laser to the first. Flare values were measured at 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 hours using a laser flare and cell meter. Intraocular pressures were measured at similar intervals and at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Of 38 eyes treated, 21 underwent ALT and 17 DLT. Both forms of treatment induced a similar hypotensive effect with a significant reduction in IOP at 8 weeks compared with initial IOP (P < 0.01) (paired Student's t test). However, there was a significantly greater disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier with ALT when compared with DLT at 1, 3, and 24 hours (P < 0.001) and at 48, 72, and 96 hours (P < 0.01) (unpaired Student's t test). By 1 week, however, there was no significant difference in flare values between the two groups. Postlaser pain occurred in seven eyes treated with ALT but in no eyes treated with DLT. In addition, peripheral anterior synechiae occurred in four eyes after ALT by 8 weeks but none occurred in the DLT group. CONCLUSION: Argon laser trabeculoplasty produces a greater disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier than DLT. This may be associated with the development of complications in the anterior segment.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Effect of laser in situ keratomileusis on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements by scanning laser polarimetry.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on retinal nerve fiber layer measurements by scanning laser polarimetry in a large clinical trial. SETTING: Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: Scanning laser polarimetry measurements were performed in 59 eyes of 59 consecutive patients who had LASIK. The mean retardation values of the whole measurement ellipse and of the superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal sectors of the ellipse before and after LASIK were compared statistically. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -6.10 diopters (D) +/- 2.34 (SD) (range -1.19 to -15.50 D) preoperatively and -0.31 +/- 0.52 D (range +0.68 to -2.13 D) postoperatively. The mean ablation depth was 94.0 +/- 30.49 microm (range 28.0 to 161.1 microm). The mean postoperative retardation values of all the sectors and of the superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal sectors showed reduced nerve fiber layer thickness (P =.000, P =.000, P =.011, P =.000, and P=.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Laser in situ keratomileusis affected nerve fiber layer thickness measurements by scanning laser polarimetry. The change in nerve fiber layer thickness was probably due to modification of the corneal architecture. This effect of keratorefractive surgery should be considered when using scanning laser polarimetry as a diagnostic and follow-up tool for glaucoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of simple hyperopia: comparison of laser in situ keratomileusis and laser thermal keratoplasty.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy, stability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) for the treatment of simple hyperopia. SETTING: John Hill Eye and Laser Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised consecutive patients having primary treatment of simple hyperopia of up to 3.0 diopters (D) with astigmatism of 0.5 D or less. Treatment methods were as follows: Group 1 (81 eyes), LASIK with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser; Group 2 (69 eyes), LASIK with the LaserSight LSX excimer laser; and Group 3 (84 eyes), LTK with the Sunrise holmium:YAG laser. RESULTS: The hyperopia decreased in all 3 groups. Both LASIK groups were stable by 1 month; there was continued regression in the LTK group for up to 18 months. The percentage of eyes achieving uncorrected visual acuities of 20/20 and 20/40 at 3 months were Nidek, 41% and 92%, respectively; LaserSight, 50% and 90%, respectively; and LTK, 21% and 89%, respectively. No eye lost more than 2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was evident in all 3 groups; it was highest in the LTK group. The mean posttreatment astigmatism was -0.47 D +/- 0.40 (SD) (range 0 to -1.50 D) in the Nidek group, -0.45 +/- 0.40 D (range 0 to -1.25 D) in the LaserSight group, and -0.81 +/- 0.51 D (range 0 to -2.25 D) in the LTK group. The enhancement rates were 16.75%, 22.57%, and 38.30%, respectively. Because of the SIA, 61% of the LTK enhancements were corrected with LASIK. CONCLUSIONS: All 3 treatment methods corrected hyperopia, but stability was achieved early in both LASIK groups, allowing early enhancement when necessary. Because LTK cannot currently correct astigmatism, many of the LTK repeat treatments required LASIK procedures. For these reasons, LASIK remains my preferred method to treat simple hyperopia up to +3.0 D.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Both the flashlamp-pumped dye laser and the long-pulsed tunable dye laser can improve results in port-wine stain therapy.

BACKGROUND: At present, laser therapy of port-wine stains (PWS) using the flashlamp-pumped dye laser (FPDL) at 450 micros is accepted as the optimal approach. A few years ago, a new long-pulsed tunable dye laser (LPTDL, 1.5 ms) was introduced for the treatment of leg veins. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and side-effects of FPDL vs. LPTDL therapy of PWS. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with untreated PWS underwent test treatments with the FPDL (585 nm; 7-mm spot size; 5.75--7.0 J cm(-2) fluence) and LPTDL (585, 590, 595, 600 nm; 5-mm spot size; 11--20 J cm(-2) fluence). With the LPTDL, the epidermis was additionally cooled (Spray cooling device). The fading was evaluated clinically 6 weeks after the test treatments. RESULTS: Optimal fading was achieved by the LPTDL (> or = 585 nm) in 30 patients and by the FPDL in 12 patients. No difference was found in 20 patients. At 585 nm, the lasers worked equally well in 12 (FPDL) and 13 (LPTDL) patients, respectively. Results were independent of the localization of the PWS and of the patient's age. In spite of the longer pulse duration, the LPTDL treatment did not result in more side-effects as long as sufficient cooling was provided. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence that wavelengths longer than 585 nm can increase the efficacy of treatment in some PWS. Owing to the reduced light absorption by haemoglobin at longer wavelengths and consequently increased depth of the vascular injury, larger vessels can be damaged more adequately using an increased fluence. The LPTDL at 585 nm seemed to be slightly superior to the FPDL, while accepting that due to technical reasons the laser parameters were not directly comparable. Availability of both lasers increases the therapeutic possibilities in PWS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the 585 nm pulse dye laser and the short pulsed CO2 laser in the treatment of striae distensae in skin types IV and VI.

BACKGROUND: Striae distensae, or stretch marks, are a very common cosmetic problem. The successful management of stretch marks has long been a source of frustration and curiosity for both the clinician and the researcher. Recent studies suggest lasers may have a role in their management. As yet, no study has reported on the effects of either of these lasers in the treatment of stretch marks on persons with skin types 4 to 6. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of short pulsed CO2 laser and pulsed dye laser for the treatment of stretch marks in skin types 4, 5, and 6. METHODS: Four patients were initially enrolled in the study. All were female with abdominal stretch marks, present for a range of 8 to 19 years. The patients had skin types ranging from 4 to 6. The test area consisted of a stretch mark long enough to be divided into three contiguous 2 cm sections, labeled A, B, and C. Section A served as the short pulsed CO2 test site, section B served as a control, while section C served as the 585 nm pulsed dye site. Patients were seen for evaluation after 1 week, then every 4 weeks for a total of 20 weeks. Patients were evaluated subjectively by the investigators, and the patients' own self-evaluation was reported as well. RESULTS: Following the 585 nm pulse dye laser, at 20 week follow-up patients with type 4 skin showed no improvement, while type 6 skin showed hyperpigmentation. The short pulsed CO2 test site showed persistent erythema in type 4 skin and marked hyperpigmentation in type 6 skin. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with types 4, 5, and 6 skin, laser treatment of striae should be avoided or used with great caution.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1987

Laser radiation in the treatment of prosthetic graft stenosis. A preliminary study of prosthesis damage by laser energy.

Transluminal laser recanalization is potentially an important new treatment of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia. However, currently used grafts or sutures may be damaged by laser radiation at power and energy levels required for plaque removal. To investigate this problem, two commonly used grafts (Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]) and two types of vascular suture (polypropylene and PTFE) were exposed to argon laser radiation in vitro. Dacron and PTFE grafts recovered from amputations were also studied to determine whether graft "healing" affected graft resistance to laser damage. Power and energy levels required to perforate atherosclerotic superficial femoral arteries were determined for comparison. PTFE grafts were significantly (1.5 to 7 times) more resistant to perforation by laser energy than atherosclerotic arteries under all conditions. In contrast, Dacron grafts perforated at power and energy levels one half to one third of that required for vaporization of atherosclerotic plaque. PTFE sutures remained intact at power and energy levels above the levels that perforated atherosclerotic arteries, whereas polypropylene sutures were destroyed by very low levels of power and energy (0.5 joules at 0.5 watts). Because of the variable levels of power and energy that damage different types of prosthetic grafts and sutures, laser angioplasty should only be investigated clinically as a therapy for anastomotic intimal hyperplasia when PTFE grafts and sutures are present.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed2001

Holmium and interstitial lasers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a laser revival.

With the introduction of the side-firing neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in the early 1990s laser prostatectomy became a widely used treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, because of prolonged postoperative catheterization times, the lack of immediate effect, and severe postoperative dysuria, many urologists became disinterested in this procedure. Recently, as a result of advances in laser technology, namely, the holmium laser and interstitial laser prostatectomy, interest in lasers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has been rekindled. This paper will review published reports over the past year regarding these relatively new treatments.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser Doppler perfusion imaging of synovial tissues using red and near infra-red lasers.

A new laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI) system was evaluated by comparing it with the well-established radiolabelled microsphere technique for measuring blood flow in the rabbit knee joint capsule. In this study two laser sources (635 and 835 nm) were compared at three scan speeds (50, 10 and 4 ms/pixel). With blood flow to the rabbit hindlimb controlled via a peristaltic pump, the comparison of LDI and microsphere measurement techniques yielded highly significant correlations for both laser sources (r = 0.9; p = 0.0001; 14 measurements in 7 animals). Comparison of the three scan speeds demonstrated acceptable agreement without significant bias between measurements, suggesting that the inevitable narrowing of the bandwidth at the fastest scan speed does not cause significant deterioration of the signal. The flux values obtained with 635 and 835 nm laser sources were linearly related (r = 0.93, p = 0.0001; 66 measurements in 12 animals), although there was a small but significant bias for higher values with the 635-nm laser (mean ratio of flux values 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.12). These results validate the use of LDI with either wavelength laser for the assessment of joint capsule perfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Scanning laser polarimetry in corneal haze after excimer laser refractive surgery.

PURPOSE: We evaluate the technique of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement using scanning laser polarimetry in cases of central corneal haze due to photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: Nerve fiber layer thickness was measured using a Nerve Fiber Analyzer II (Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.) in eight eyes of eight individuals with mild to pronounced corneal haze owing to earlier excimer laser refractive surgery, and in nine eyes of nine control volunteers. RESULTS: Neither total and sectorial nerve fiber layer thickness values, nor superior/ inferior quadrant thickness ratio differed in a statistically significant manner between the two groups (unpaired t test, p > 0.05). Reproducibility in the "haze" and control groups was 4.3% and 3.4%, respectively, for mean nerve fiber layer thickness calculated from all quadrants around the disc. The figures were 4.9% and 5.2%, respectively, for the superior quadrant thickness; 8.2% and 8.8%, respectively, for the temporal thickness values; 5.4% and 4.6%, respectively, for the inferior thickness values; and 4.1% and 5.0%, respectively, for the nasal quadrant thickness values. For the superior/inferior quadrant thickness ratio the reproducibility was 4.4% and 6.8%, respectively. None of the corresponding values for reproducibility differed significantly between the two groups (F-test, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal haze did not cause an artificial increase of the thickness values measured with scanning laser polarimetry and did not diminish the reproducibility of the measurement. The results suggest that scanning laser polarimetry may be a suitable method for the precise measurement of the nerve fiber layer thickness even in eyes with persistent corneal haze after excimer laser refractive surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonablative laser resurfacing using the long-pulse (1064-nm) Nd:YAG laser.

BACKGROUND: Lasers with infrared wavelength ranges have been used in nonablative rejuvenation of skin. In this process, cooling of the epidermis allows for laser energy heat-induced injury to the dermis without ablation of the epidermal layer. This dermal injury is theorized to produce improvements in skin quality. In addition, long-pulse Nd:YAG lasers target melanin less efficiently, allowing safer treatment of patients with all skin types. In this study, we evaluate the use of the 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for the purpose of rejuvenating the aging face. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I through V were included. Standard photographs were taken before the first and after the last treatment. The Nd:YAG laser treatments were initiated with a chilled tip-cooling device. At each treatment session, patients were given self-assessment questionnaires. At completion of the study, 3 physicians performed masked evaluations of patient pretreatment and posttreatment photographs. RESULTS: Thirty-four of 51 patients completed at least 7 treatments, had posttreatment photographs, and were entered into the study. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 months. No adverse events were noted. Masked analysis and patient subjective scores demonstrated a subtle improvement in several skin variables. Patient-assigned Fitzpatrick Scale scores declined after 6 treatments for coarse wrinkles (-22.3%; P<.01), skin laxity (-36.3%; P<.01), and overall improvement (-40.6%; P<.01). Physician-graded scores demonstrated decreases in coarse wrinkles (-11.9%; P<.01), skin laxity (-17.3%; P<.01), and overall improvement (-20.0%; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nonablative resurfacing techniques are well suited for patients requesting rejuvenating treatments of the aging face with minimal downtime. Although improvements in photodamaged skin are subtle and gradual, the 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was well tolerated by patients of all skin types.

Adult↗