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PubMed1994

[Migratory flows in the Mediterranean Basin].

Recent trends in international migration in the Mediterranean region are analyzed, with the focus on South-North migration to Europe. "This migration towards Western Europe has taken various forms, from labour force migration, in a first phase, to family reunification, and more recently, asylum requests and irregular immigration. These migratory flows must be understood within the context of a severe imbalance--demographic and economic--between the Southern and Northern banks of the Mediterranean. Europe and especially the European Union is directly confronted by this persistent migratory pressure coming from the other Mediterranean countries. Its future can only be conceived of through new and innovative forms of cooperation with its Mediterranean partners." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Development of Yugoslav external migrations.

"It has been estimated that more than 70 million people, from developing countries mostly, are employed outside their native countries, legally or illegally, that more than a million people emigrate on a permanent basis to other countries every year, that as many seek asylum and that more than 12 million refugees live outside their native countries. These estimates point at external migrations as a widely spread and growing phenomenon, with various important developmental, economic, political and humanitarian facets. Like almost all other countries, Yugoslavia too is affected by this global phenomenon and it has been in the world migratory trends for a long time now. Its entire territory was characterized by external migrations and some of its regions particularly by migration for economic reasons."

Demography↗
PubMed1995

South-North migration. The case of Spain.

"International migrations caused by socio-economic and demographic reasons, especially from underdeveloped countries to the rich and prosperous areas of the globe are discussed with the focus on Western Europe and particularly on Maghrebi immigration to Spain. Emigration of the people from a backward region even increases the deterioration of [the] local economy, provoking stagnation and inflation. Therefore emigration only can not be seen as an economic take-off for sustained economic development over the frontier areas between developed and depressed territories. Related social questions as well as economic, religious and political may add factors affecting the structural balance of the societies concerned."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Contraceptive use in South Africa under apartheid.

In this paper, patterns of contraceptive use among black South African women in the late 1980s are examined. Multilevel logit models are used to evaluate the extent to which segregation of the African population into homelands gave rise to uneven patterns of contraceptive use; how this pattern was shaped by variations in family-planning acceptability; and the way in which the system of male labor migration and social and economic inequities across communities affected women's use of contraceptives. Results show that variation in contraceptive use across homeland areas diminished with the addition of community controls for development and migration. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity indicated that localized conditions could offset the advantages or disadvantages of living in a former homeland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Determinants of fast repeat migrations of the labor force: evidence from the linked national survey data of Taiwan.

"The main objectives of this paper are (1) to identify the determinants of job-related fast repeat migrations of individuals in the civilian labor force of Taiwan, and (2) to examine whether the effects of these determinants are largely consistent with the existing theories and with the findings of other empirical studies. Our study is based on the linked microdata of the annual national migration surveys of Taiwan from 1980 through 1989.... We review the main theories of repeat migrations and formulate a set of hypotheses that can be tested against the Taiwanese data."

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human pregnancy and labor.

PROBLEM: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in reproduction. Presently there is no information on the possible involvement of MIF in the onset of labor. METHODS: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor was assayed, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in maternal serum (MS) and amniotic fluid (AF) both, at midtrimester and at term, as well as in cord serum (CS) at birth. Extraembryonic membranes were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Amniotic fluid MIF concentrations were significantly higher at term (median 62.10 ng/mL) than at midtrimester (median 20.07 ng/mL) and reached a peak in term labor (median 258.80 ng/mL). The AF/MS ratio varied from a median of 4.34 at midtrimester and 33.7 at term labor. The MS/CS ratio was 0.4. Migration inhibitory factor immunoreactivity was found in different cell layers of the extraembryonic membranes. CONCLUSIONS: The increased secretion of MIF in AF at term, particularly at term labor, suggests that MIF contributes to the inflammatory events leading to labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Factor endowments, heterogeneous labor and North-South migration.

The relationship between the relative factor endowments of heterogeneous labor in the North and South of the United States and interregional labor migration is examined. "The purpose of the present paper is to make explicit a sufficient set of conditions that will support a factor endowment based migration model and to evaluate the advantages and weaknesses of that model." The model's predictions are tested using data from the 1970 census.

Americas↗