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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Ultrasonographic evaluation of congenital dislocation of the knee.

The authors describe ultrasonographic findings in a newborn girl with congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK). Ultrasonography showed a hyperechoic area and focal narrowing of the distal quadriceps as compared to the unaffected contralateral side, indicating the presence of fibrosis, which is the main pathologic feature of congenital dislocation of the knee. The hyperechoic area decreased after reduction of the dislocation and with patient growth. Ultrasonography was useful in evaluating CDK because it provided a direct view of the pathologic lesion, was painless, and did not involve exposure to X-rays. Further, we were able to serially evaluate the abnormal findings and provide advice regarding daily activity to the parents of the patient with CDK.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Tenomyoplasty of the flexor muscles in the surgical treatment of congenital recurvatum, subluxation and dislocation of the knee.

The writers present eight cases of congenital recurvatum or dislocation of the knee in which tenomyoplasty of the flexor muscles of the knee was performed. The operation was the only one used in cases with flexion greater than 60 degrees, while in cases of more severe loss of flexion, it was supplementary to mobilisation of the quadriceps according to Judet's technique. The technique of tenomyoplasty is described and the results are reported. These are considered to be favourable.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Tradeoffs between motion and stability in posterior substituting knee arthroplasty design.

The purpose of this study was to examine how changes in component geometry of posterior substituting knees affect tibiofemoral kinematics and prosthesis stability. Most posterior cruciate ligament substituting prostheses rely on an articulation between a femoral cam and tibial spine to provide anterior-posterior stability of the knee. Failure of this ligament substitution mechanism has resulted in knee dislocations with several different posterior substituting designs. A computer model of a generic posterior substituting prosthesis was altered to analyze the effects of five design parameters (tibial spine height, spine anterior-posterior position, femoral component posterior radius, and femoral cam anterior-posterior and distal-proximal position) on prosthesis stability, tibiofemoral kinematics, and maximum obtainable knee flexion. Prosthesis stability was characterized by a 'dislocation safety factor', defined as the vertical distance from the bottom of the femoral cam to the top of the tibial spine. Computer simulations revealed that posterior substituting knees are most likely to dislocate at maximum knee flexion. Prosthesis stability can be improved by increasing the tibial spine height and moving the femoral cam posteriorly. Our results suggest there is a tradeoff between maximum knee flexion and prosthesis stability. We found that relatively small gains in maximum knee flexion, made through design changes, may cause substantial decreases in prosthesis stability.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1993

[Dislocation of the knee joint with lesion of the popliteal artery. A case report].

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare but frequently associated with popliteal artery disruption. Prompt recognition and early revascularisation are paramount for a successful and functional result. We report on a case of anterior dislocation of the knee complicated by concomitant popliteal artery injury. The value of pre-operative diagnostic methods including pre-operative arteriography and Doppler-sonography is discussed. Review of literature is presented.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed2005

The multiple-ligament injured knee: evaluation, treatment, and results.

The multiple-ligament injured knee is a complex problem in orthopaedic surgery. Most dislocated knees involve tears of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL/PCL) and at least 1 collateral ligament complex. Careful assessment of the extremity vascular status is essential because of the possibility of arterial and/or venous compromise. These complex injuries require a systematic approach to evaluation and treatment. Physical examination and imaging studies enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis and to formulate a treatment plan. Arthroscopically assisted combined ACL/PCL reconstruction is a reproducible procedure. Knee stability is improved postoperatively when evaluated using knee ligament rating scales, arthrometer testing, and stress radiographic analysis. Acute medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears, when combined with ACL/PCL tears, may in certain cases be treated with bracing. Posterolateral corner injuries combined with ACL/PCL tears are best treated with primary repair as indicated, combined with reconstruction using a post of strong autograft (split biceps tendon, biceps tendon, semitendinosus) or allograft (Achilles tendon, bone-patellar tendon-bone) tissue. Surgical timing depends on the ligaments injured, the vascular status of the extremity, reduction stability, and the overall health of the patient. We prefer to use allograft tissue for reconstruction in these cases because of the strength of these large grafts and the absence of donor site morbidity.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1987

Traumatic dislocation of the knee: a report of 30 cases and literature review.

Traumatic dislocation of the knee, an uncommon injury, is sustained as the result of violent trauma. Thirty documented cases of complete traumatic dislocation of the tibia from the femur are identified and retrospectively reviewed. Twenty had adequate documentation with a minimum two-year follow-up to evaluate the results of operative versus nonoperative treatment of this ligamentous injury. Nonoperative treatment can result in a functional knee depending on the patient's demands. However, early operative repair, followed by early limited motion (cast bracing), and aggressive physical therapy to regain motion, are recommended in young active patients. Prolonged immobilization postoperatively should be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Irreducible congenital dislocation of the knee. Aetiology and management.

We report nine cases of irreducible congenital dislocation of the knee which were treated by early operation with good results. All were resistant to conservative measures and operation was performed at an average age of nine months. The essential abnormality was a short quadriceps muscle together with subluxation of the hamstring muscles to lie anterior to the axis of knee flexion. The quadriceps tendon was lengthened by VY-plasty and in six cases additional length was gained by proximal mobilisation of the muscle. After operation all the patients were able to walk.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital dislocation of the knee reduced spontaneously or with minimal treatment.

Six cases of congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) reduced spontaneously or with minimal treatment were investigated. Reduction was achieved from 4 days to 3 months after birth. Clinical results were good, although in four cases, hyperextension < or = 20 degrees persisted. In view of the perinatal complications and associated anomalies, CDK reduced with no or minimal treatment is supposed to be a category of congenital postural deformity. We believe that it is advisable to wait 1 month for spontaneous reduction of CDK in cases not associated with clubfoot, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and Larsen's syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Knee ligament injuries].

Like no other joint of the human body the knee depends on intact ligaments. Knee instability due to ligament injuries will cause abnormal joint kinematics, and thereby is made responsible for secondary damage to other important knee joint structures. Diagnosis of knee ligament injuries is based on the detailed history with often typical injury patterns, as well as on the physical examination with specific knee ligament tests. In addition radiological evaluation is used. The range of knee ligament injuries is wide. Beginning with an isolated medial collateral ligament rupture which will heal with conservative treatment, they range to knee dislocation, a serious injury which needs emediate care and is associated with a high incidence of complications. Surgical procedures aim to reconstruct knee ligaments as anatomical as possible to provide for a long term stable knee joint.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Anterior dislocation after total knee arthroplasty: a case report.

We report a case of anterior dislocation of an 11-year-old total knee arthroplasty in a 52-year-old woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. It was noteworthy that the mechanism of dislocation was unique in that massive wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, avulsion injuries of the medial collateral ligament and patellar tendon, and a stress fracture of the fibula secondary to the increased posterior tilt angle eventually caused anterior dislocation of the left knee without obvious trauma or infection.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗