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Results for “Intuition”

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PubMed2003

Exact dynamics of a continuous time random walker in the presence of a boundary: beyond the intuitive boundary condition approach.

We derive the exact dynamics of a random walker with arbitrary non-Markovian transport and reaction rate distribution at a boundary, and present exact solutions in the continuum limit. We find that the ultimate escape probability of the particle is independent of the transport mechanism in contradiction to the long-standing belief based on the conventional approach. We also find a phase transition in the relaxation kinetics associated with the heterogeneity of the transport media.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of an intuitive understanding of entropy.

Previous studies of the concept of entropy have indicated that before 7 to 9 years of age, children have difficulty understanding the effects of randomizing forces and often predict highly improbable events, such as a return to the original ordered state. In the present research, 306 children between 3 and 11 years of age were asked directly whether undifferentiated forces, such as the wind or objects being thrown into the air, could create order or disorder in a set of objects. The results showed that even 4-year-olds are sensitive to the asymmetrical effects of such events. Older children apply this principle more consistently and are able to use it in explaining their answers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Intuition and expertise: comments on the Benner debate.

The rift between "science' and "phenomenology' in current nursing theory is explored through an examination of two recent evaluations of the work of Patricia Benner, who has proposed a model of skill acquisition, latterly within a Heideggerian framework. English offers a critique of Benner's ideas from the perspective of cognitive psychology; while Darbyshire defends them against what he describes as a "positivist' attack. No attempt is made, in this paper, to evaluate Benner's work directly, but Darbyshire's response to the "critique' is analysed; and it is noted that, in making his defence, he invokes a network of concepts which he ascribes to a "traditional notion of objective science', and accuses English of subscribing to it. It is suggested that this "Cartesian' worldview is an outmoded myth, superseded by the philosophy of science during the last 30 years, and based on the rhetoric rather than the reality of scientific practice. Nursing is not, therefore, obliged to choose between "positivism' and a philosophy whose chief virtue is that it represents a "challenge' to positivism. It could instead build a scientific basis for research and theory by drawing, not on mid-century thinking, but on a more contemporary understanding of the nature of science.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

Young children who abandon error behaviourally still have to free themselves mentally: a retrospective test for inhibition in intuitive physics.

When preschoolers overcome persistent error, subsequent patterns of correct choices may identify how the error had been overcome. Children who no longer misrepresented a ball rolling down a bent tube as though it could only fall vertically, were asked sometimes to approach and sometimes to avoid where the ball landed. All children showed requisite task-switching flexibility. The pattern of 4-year-olds' correct choices among different places showed unnecessary avoidance of any place that would previously have tempted them into a vertical-approach error, 5-year-olds rebounded into a reversal, and 7-year-olds were flexible. The data attest to an inhibition mechanism, ruling out competing possibilities.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Yoga: intuition, preventive medicine, and treatment.

Mind-body fitness programs use a combination of muscular activity and mindful focus on awareness of the self, breath, and energy to promote health. The ancient discipline of yoga includes physical postures and breathing and meditation techniques. Scientific evidence exists about the physiologic effects of yoga. Mind-body fitness programs may offer therapeutic effects different from those offered by traditional body fitness programs.

Complementary Therapies↗