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Results for “Information Retrieval Systems”

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PubMed1994

[Use of an information-search diagnostic system for recognizing acute hereditary metabolic diseases with early lethal outcomes].

An information retrieval diagnostic system for hereditary metabolic diseases that are characterized by acute progression and early fatal outcome was developed. The system includes four databases: a list of nosological forms (n = 152), a list of clinical symptoms and characteristics (n = 1094), clinical portraits of every disease, and a list of biochemical characteristics (n = 1072). The system describes each disease as follows: clinical phenotype, etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, biochemical phenotype, paraclinical investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Security considerations for present and future medical databases.

In this paper we consider the security of medical databases. We give an overview of the security problems and the possible available mechanisms for the prevention of security compromises. Many of the security problems are common to all databases. However, the problem of data inference from statistical queries is particularly pertinent to medical databases and consequently we treat this problem in more detail. The paper concludes with a proposal for a Security Subsystem in a database management system.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2004

Medical data abstractionism: fitting an EMR to radically evolving medical information systems.

Growing and maintaining a simple and flexible EMR (Electronic Medical Record) becomes a complicated task in light of diverse and distributed legacy data representation, advancing technologies, changes in medical practice and procedure, and changes in data regulation. Utilizing several abstraction mechanisms can simplify application development and maintenance, and provide flexibility for data evolution and migration. Newer applications built on these abstractions can be the beneficiary of slower obsolescence and lower maintenance costs.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Towards improved information retrieval from medical sources.

We review a HEALNet health informatics project directed at information extraction from medical text resources in support of evidence based practice (EBP). The motivation for the approach is summarized. A brief review of pertinent methodology is given and the rationale for exploring approaches to statistical concept representation (SCR) derived. Data on the qualitative comparison of five related systems are presented. Installation and tests of three of these systems revealed that systems designed to deal with literature are not able to handle medical record text adequately because of various idiosyncrasies of the latter. To overcome these, it is necessary to control the system's text manipulation algorithms. This prompted us to build our own system. The principles of this development and its results are summarized. They include the construction of a core information retrieval (IR) system, which is now operational, initiation of work on the collection of test data bases and development of a conceptual framework for comprehensive system evaluation. A brief outline of further steps concludes the presentation.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Towards new information resources for public health--from WordNet to MedicalWordNet.

In the last two decades, WordNet has evolved as the most comprehensive computational lexicon of general English. In this article, we discuss its potential for supporting the creation of an entirely new kind of information resource for public health, viz. MedicalWordNet. This resource is not to be conceived merely as a lexical extension of the original WordNet to medical terminology; indeed, there is already a considerable degree of overlap between WordNet and the vocabulary of medicine. Instead, we propose a new type of repository, consisting of three large collections of (1) medically relevant word forms, structured along the lines of the existing Princeton WordNet; (2) medically validated propositions, referred to here as medical facts, which will constitute what we shall call MedicalFactNet; and (3) propositions reflecting laypersons' medical beliefs, which will constitute what we shall call the MedicalBeliefNet. We introduce a methodology for setting up the MedicalWordNet. We then turn to the discussion of research challenges that have to be met to build this new type of information resource. We build a database of sentences relevant to the medical domain. The sentences are generated from WordNet via its relations as well as from medical statements broken down into elementary propositions. Two subcorpora of sentences are distinguished, MedicalBeliefNet and MedicalFactNet. The former is rated for assent by laypersons; the latter for correctness by medical experts. The sentence corpora will be valuable for a variety of applications in information retrieval as well as in research in linguistics and psychology with respect to the study of expert and non-expert beliefs and their linguistic expressions. Our work has to meet several considerable challenges. These include accounting for the distinction between medical experts and laypersons, the social issues of expert-layperson communication in different media, the linguistic aspects of encoding medical knowledge, and the reliability, volume, and emergence of medical knowledge. The work described here has been tested in a small pilot experiment and awaits large-scale implementation.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1989

Information management for data retrieval in a picture archive and communication system.

Data stored in a Picture archive and communication system (PACS) must be organized to permit efficient retrieval. The concept of a unique data object identifier (UID) permits a fundamental partitioning of the problem into a storage system, indexed by UID, and a database containing descriptive elements. The database serves to map user retrieval requests, expressed in terms of clinically relevant descriptive elements, and into UIDs of specific data objects. Different data organization mechanisms are employed by imaging modalities, thereby making the structure of a generic PACS database complex. One solution may be derived by analogy from film-based systems. Images and other data objects may be organized, by application of modality and site specific rules, into electronic folders. Folders may then be organized into a patient master folder or user-defined reference folders. Such an organization provides an easily understood user access model for information stored in PACS archives. This report presents a PACS architecture comprised of an Information Management System (IMS) and Information Storage System (ISS). Entity-relationship diagrams are presented to define a schema for the IMS database, based on the folder analogy. The folder concept and its relationship to the ACR-NEMA Standard are discussed.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1975

The large data base file structure dilemma.

This paper first presents a brief tutorial on the principal random file organization methods for handling two major applications--Transaction oriented systems and information storage and retrieval systems. It then addresses a particular large data base dilemma, not satisfactorily resolved by any of these methods, and which is currently under active investigation. Two approaches to a solution are described. One is called the hybrid inverted list; the other is based upon an old technique called super-imposed coding. The former has been implemented and has recently been installed in an operational system. Some statistics related to file characteristics in this application are provided, but operational cost and performance statistics are not yet available.

Computers↗
PubMed2002

Semantic annotation for concept-based cross-language medical information retrieval.

We present a framework for concept-based cross-language information retrieval in the medical domain, which is under development in the MUCHMORE project. Our approach is based on using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as the primary source of semantic data. Documents and queries are annotated with multiple layers of linguistic information. Linguistic processing includes part-of-speech tagging, morphological analysis, phrase recognition and the identification of medical terms and semantic relations between them. The paper describes experiments in monolingual and cross-language document retrieval, performed on a corpus of medical abstracts. Results show that linguistic processing, especially lemmatization and compound analysis for German, is a crucial step in achieving a good baseline performance. On the other hand, they show that semantic information, specifically the combined use of concepts and relations, increases the performance in monolingual and cross-language retrieval.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

International food component data system.

The International Network of Food Data Systems planning conference recommends establishing nomenclature and a system of coding for use in INFOODS. The International Food Naming System would facilitate collection, tabulation, storing, and retrieval of information. The system consists of two files for each food: one describing the name in a standardized manner and another reporting chemical and biological data. The two files are linked by International Food Number (IFN). Food names consist of controlled terms called facets: origin, part, process, stage of maturity, and grade. Within each facet, such elements as genus, species, variety (scientific name) and generic name, breed or kind, and strain (English name) are defined. Elements are assigned numerical codes to facilitate sorting and storage. Carefully defined standard descriptions are used in each facet. Each descriptor is assigned an alphabetic code, an unlimited number allowing an open-ended flexible system. IFN may be incorporated into a computerized data management system and stored data searched and sorted for information retrieval on given parameters, e.g., country, state, laboratory, or kind of package. Data can be summarized to obtain averages, ranges, and standard deviations. Summarized data, linked with the International Food Names by the IFN, may be printed out in desired format.

Food↗
PubMed1994

The Modified Barium Swallow Database.

Every center that carries out the modified barium swallow (MBS) has a potential storehouse of useful clinical and radiological information filed away in the patient's files and in the center's video library. The modified barium swallow database automates the recording, storage, and analysis of this information. This project utilizes a standardized clinical and radiological data form which provides a consistent approach to the reporting of the MBS results. The information on the data form is entered into the MBS database software program for decoding and permanent storage. This database program, designed for the computer novice, is menu driven to simplify operation. Once the patient information is verified on the computer screen, the program can generate different types of reports for clinical and research purposes. The program has routines to search for patients with any clinical or radiological findings of interest. The ability to group and recall patients with specific findings has been an aid in teaching, peer review, and research. The program has been modified based upon feedback and experience at three centers in Toronto that have used it for 9 months.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed2005

Design and implementation of a smart card based healthcare information system.

Smart cards are used in information technologies as portable integrated devices with data storage and data processing capabilities. As in other fields, smart card use in health systems became popular due to their increased capacity and performance. Their efficient use with easy and fast data access facilities leads to implementation particularly widespread in security systems. In this paper, a smart card based healthcare information system is developed. The system uses smart card for personal identification and transfer of health data and provides data communication via a distributed protocol which is particularly developed for this study. Two smart card software modules are implemented that run on patient and healthcare professional smart cards, respectively. In addition to personal information, general health information about the patient is also loaded to patient smart card. Health care providers use their own smart cards to be authenticated on the system and to access data on patient cards. Encryption keys and digital signature keys stored on smart cards of the system are used for secure and authenticated data communication between clients and database servers over distributed object protocol. System is developed on Java platform by using object oriented architecture and design patterns.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taking aim at healthcare's moving target.

The healthcare market has been in a state of continual transition for the last several years. In response, IT vendors are developing technologies specifically for managed care. Some of these new technologies are beginning to play a more prominent role in addressing some of managed care's specific needs, such as cutting costs and providing outcomes information under capitation.

Commerce↗
PubMed2002

BioDataServer: a SQL-based service for the online integration of life science data.

Regarding molecular biology, we see an exponential growth of data and knowledge. Among others, this fact is reflected in more than 300 molecular databases which are readily available on the Internet. The usage of these data requires integration tools capable of complex information fusion processes. This paper will present a novel concept for user specific integration of life science data. Our approach is based on a mediator architecture in conjunction with freely adjustable data schemes. The implemented prototype is called BioDataServer and can be accessed on the Internet: http://integration.genophen.de. To realize a comfortable usage of the resulted data sets of the integration process, a SQL-based query language and a XML data format were developed and implemented.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2002

A database system for the analysis of biochemical pathways.

To provide support for the analysis of biochemical pathways a database system based on a model that represents the characteristics of the domain is needed. This domain has proven to be difficult to model by using conventional data modelling techniques. We are building an ontology for biochemical pathways, which acts as the basis for the generation of a database on the same domain, allowing the definition of complex queries and complex data representation. The ontology is used as a modelling and analysis tool which allows the expression of complex semantics based on a first-order logic representation language. The induction capabilities of the system can help the scientist in formulating and testing research hypotheses that are difficult to express with the standard relational database mechanisms. An ontology representing the shared formalisation of the knowledge in a scientific domain can also be used as data integration tool clarifying the mapping of concepts to the developers of different databases. In this paper we describe the general structure of our system, concentrating on the ontology-based database as the key component of the system.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

[Medical data warehousing as a generator of system component for decision support in health care].

Growth in role of data warehousing as strategic information for decision makers is significant. Many health institutions have data warehouse implementations in process of development or even in production. This article was made with intention to improve general understanding of data warehousing requirements form the point of view of end-users, and information system as well. For that reason, in this document advantages and arguments for implementation, techniques and methods of data warehousing, data warehouse foundation and exploration of information as final product of data warehousing process have been described.

Database Management Systems↗