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PubMed1989

Hydroxyproline in all parts of the rabbit heart in hypertension and in its reversal.

To investigate the response of cardiac collagen to arterial hypertension and its reversal, we measured the hydroxyproline concentration in all parts of the rabbit heart in three groups: a chronic hypertension group (n = 11), a reversal group (n = 9) and an age-matched control group (n = 10). Left ventricular overload was produced by one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension and its reversal was produced by clip release. The wet weight of every part of the left side of the heart was increased by hypertension and all parts except for the papillary muscles showed regression with reversal. However, the response of collagen was quite different among the various parts of the heart. The wet weights of the left atrium, left ventricular free wall, interventricular septum, and anterior and posterior papillary muscle in the hypertension group were 144 (P less than 0.01), 140 (P less than 0.01), 134 (P less than 0.01), 144 (P less than 0.01) and 129% (P less than 0.01), respectively, and those in the reversal group were 92, 113 (P less than 0.05), 107 (P less than 0.05), 142 (P less than 0.05) and 126% (P less than 0.05) of those in the control group, respectively. Hydroxyproline concentrations in the respective parts in the hypertension group were 79 (P less than 0.05), 91, 98, 121 (P less than 0.05) and 120% (P less than 0.05) and those in the reversal group were 86, 93, 94, 107 and 110% of those in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of indomethacin, prednisolone and cis-4-hydroxyproline on pulmonary fibrosis produced by butylated hydroxytoluene and oxygen.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice could be influenced by indomethacin, prednisolone or a proline analog. Pulmonary fibrosis was produced in mice treated with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) 400 mg/kg and immediately exposed to 80% oxygen for 3 days. This treatment regimen resulted in 47% mortality. Surviving mice exhibited significant accumulations of pulmonary collagen as evidenced by increases in total lung hydroxyproline levels. The administration of indomethacin (4 mg/kg/day) on days 1-6 after BHT decreased mortality to 14% and diminished the accumulation of collagen in lung tissue. Indomethacin also enhanced survival when administered on days 1-3 after BHT/O2 but had no effect on lung collagen levels. Treatment with indomethacin on days 4-6 after BHT had no beneficial effect. The administration of prednisolone (60 mg/kg/day) on days 1-3, 1-6, or 4-6 after BHT decreased mortality but had no effect on accumulation of lung collagen. Cis-4-hydroxyproline (400 mg/kg/day) also had no effect on pulmonary fibrosis but did enhance survival when given on days 1-3 after BHT. Administering prednisolone (60 mg/kg/day) on days 1-6 after BHT to mice left in room air produced significantly more pulmonary fibrosis than in BHT-treated mice given saline. These data support the use of the BHT/O2 model of pulmonary fibrosis for screening potential antifibrotic agents. The possibility that corticosteroid treatment may enhance pulmonary fibrosis in a damaged lung is also demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of mast cell inhibition on plasma and aortic content of lipids, hexosamine, and hydroxyproline in rats. Role of thyroid gland.

Twenty-one-day-old rats were treated with mast cell inhibitors for four weeks. Some of the rats were thyroidectomized in the beginning of the experiment. Mast cell impairment decreased plasma cholesterol and increased plasma triglyceride levels; in aorta, there was a decrease in total protein, hexosamine and hydroxyproline levels, while triglyceride concentration increased and total cholesterol did not change. In thyroidectomized rats, mast cell impairment led to decreased plasma cholesterol and aortic triglyceride content, increased aortic hexosamine and hydroxyproline levels and did not change plasma triglycerides, aortic total cholesterol and total protein content. It was concluded that some effects of mast cell inhibition on arterial wall metabolism are mediated through the thyroid gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Rapid determination of dabsylated hydroxyproline from cultured cells by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was modified for the determination of hydroxyproline in cultured cells derived from rat liver. First, the primary amino group in the cell hydrolysate was blocked with o-phthalaldehyde, then the secondary amino group was derivatized with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride (dabsyl chloride). The dabsylated sample was treated with ethyl acetate to obtain a simple chromatographic elution profile of the cell hydrolysate. Dabsylhydroxyproline and proline were separated from other compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography in the gradient elution mode, and eluted at 4.71 and 8.00 min, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of hydroxyproline contained in cultured cells, the result being 25.4 +/- 3.6 pmol/microgram.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

High-performance liquid chromatographic column switching method for the determination of hydroxyproline in meat and meat products.

A method is described for the determination of 4-hydroxyproline in meat and meat products. The amino acid is converted to a sensitive fluorescent derivative with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Chromatography of other (unwanted) amino acid derivatives is avoided by column switching, thereby shortening analysis time. The method is suitable for routine analysis and is applicable to the entire range of 4-hydroxyproline levels normally encountered in meat and meat products (0.05-12.5%).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of fetal, newborn, and adult wound healing by histologic, enzyme-histochemical, and hydroxyproline determinations.

We compared simultaneous healing processes in fetal, newborn, and maternal rabbits using a miniaturized wound cylinder of expanded Gore-Tex tubing. The tubing was placed subcutaneously in fetal and maternal rabbits on day 23 of pregnancy (term = 31 to 32 days), and in 7-day-old newborn rabbits. At specific intervals, the tubing was removed and analyzed for hydroxyproline accumulation, histology, and cellular enzyme-histochemistry. Granulation tissue ingrowth and accumulation of hydroxyproline were each inversely related to age (fetus greater than newborn greater than maternal). The fetus showed an impressive infiltration of macrophages by day 4, fibroblasts by day 7, and a conspicuous lack of neutrophils in all specimens. Newborns and mothers had few cells until day 7, when a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and some fibroblasts appeared. We conclude that the fetus heals wounds rapidly by both mesenchymal cell proliferation and collagen deposition, and that these processes are more rapid in fetuses than in newborn or adult animals despite relative fetal hypoxemia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of 4-hydroxyproline using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol derivatization and micellar electrokinetic chromatography combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was used for internal standard (pyrrolidinol) based quantification of 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) in muscle hydrolysates. Hydrolysates were first derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde to reduce primary amine interference and then 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol (NBD) to enable selective detection of secondary amines. This method allows for rapid and sensitive detection of hydroxyproline in dilute hydrolysates using commercially available capillary electrophoresis equipment.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Simplified procedure for the analysis of 3- and 4-hydroxyproline.

A column chromatographic analysis for 3-hydroxyproline (3-Hyp), 4-hydroxyproline (4-Hyp), and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is described. The analyses of urine and plasma were performed with a JLC-6AH amino acid analyzer. A 0.15 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 2.1, was used for elution. Urinary Gla, 3-Hyp, and 4-Hyp were among the seventeen peaks eluted before aspartic acid. Hyp, Gla, glutamine, and asparagine in plasma were separated by elution with 0.2 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 3.25, containing 10% methanol. This single-column procedure achieves the sequential separation and quantitation of Gla, 3-Hyp, and 4-Hyp in urine as well as plasma, and is applicable to the diagnosis of collagen metabolism disorders.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1989

Determination of radiolabelled proline and hydroxyproline in collagen hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line radiometric detection.

Radiolabelled proline and hydroxyproline were separated on a C8 column (10 cm X 4.6 mm I.D.) with 10.4 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate in water-n-propanol (88:12, v/v) (pH 2.6) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.6 ml/min. The retention times of hydroxyproline and proline were 5 and 8 min, respectively. On-line radiometric detection was performed either in a homogeneous mode (liquid scintillator was added to the column effluent in the ratio 3.33:1) or in a heterogeneous mode (the detection cell was packed with a solid scintillator and 0.1 M ammonia was mixed with the column effluent in the ratio 1:6 in order to prevent adsorption of amino acids on the cell packing). Detection limits were in the range 100-900 dpm for individual isotopes and detection modes and the reproducibilities were better than 10%. The application of the method to a collagen synthesis study is reported.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

Determination of hydroxyproline in plasma and tissue using electrospray mass spectrometry.

A simple and highly specific method that was developed for the determination of hydroxyproline in biological samples is described. This method could potentially be used for monitoring pathological conditions related to collagen degradation, as well as for screening remedial pharmaceuticals for efficacy. Tissue or plasma samples were prepared by hydrolysis and their hydroxyproline content was determined using spiked calibration curves and LC/MS/MS. Specificity of the method was evaluated using an API Time-Of-Flight (TOF) LC/MS to expose potential interferences. The method proposed here appears to be selective, convenient, precise (<10% R.S.D.), accurate (<10% RE), and sensitive over a linear range of 0.010-10 microg/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Supplemented gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid influence bone status in young male rats: effects on free urinary collagen crosslinks, total urinary hydroxyproline, and bone calcium content.

The effect of different ratios of the prostaglandin precursors gamma-linolenic (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids on bone status in growing rats measured as a function of free urinary pyridinium crosslinks and hydroxyproline levels was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were weaned onto an essential fatty acid deficient diet and from their fifth week, different groups of rats received a balanced, semisynthetic diet, supplemented with different ratios of GLA:EPA supplied as a mixture of evening primrose oil (EPO) and fish oil (FO). Controls were supplemented with linoleic (LA; sunflower oil) and alpha-linolenic (ALA; linseed oil) acids (3:1) or a commercially available rat chow. Animals were terminated at 84 days and femur length, ash weight, calcium content, free urinary pyridinium crosslinks (Pyd and Dpyd), total hydroxyproline (Hyp), and creatinine levels measured. Free urinary Pyd and Dpyd are good indicators of bone status and they correlated well with Hyp. Pyd and Dpyd excretion were significantly decreased in the higher GLA:EPA dietary groups and correlated well (r = 0.7) with Hyp levels. Concomitantly, bone calcium content increased significantly in the same dietary groups. These results suggest that diet supplementation with relatively high GLA:EPA ratios are more effective in inhibiting bone resorption than LA:ALA.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solid-phase synthesis of a library of hydroxyproline derivatives.

The synthesis of a library of N-alkylated O-arylated hydroxyproline derivatives has been achieved on solid phase. The choice of O-protection and the optimization of the Mitsunobu reaction involving a secondary alcohol were key to the success of this synthesis. First, acylation of resin-bound amines with N-Fmoc-O-THP-hydroxyproline was accomplished readily. Subsequent deprotection of the Fmoc and reductive amination with different aldehydes resulted in the tertiary amine intermediate. The deprotection of the THP group by p-toluenesulfonic acid was followed by a Mitsunobu reaction with a series of phenols. Finally, the products were cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid to produce a 10 200 member library.

Acylation↗
PubMed1998

Sugar beet fiber in formula diet reduces postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin and serum hydroxyproline.

OBJECTIVE: The object of the study was to investigate the effects of sugar beet fiber in formula diet on blood glucose, serum insulin and serum hydroxyproline in humans. DESIGN: Two formula test meals with and without 7 g of sugar beet fiber, namely 5.1 g total dietary fiber, were ingested on two mornings, in random order, by the subjects. SETTING: The test meals were served in a clinic to the subjects after a 12 h fast. SUBJECTS: Fifteen healthy male human volunteers (mean age 25 y, range 21-42) registered to participate in the study after an announcement. METHODS: The test meals of formulas contained similar amounts of nutrients and gave total energy of 1778 kJ (425 kcal). Blood samples were drawn before and after the test meals. The total test time from the start of ingestion of the meal was 155 min. RESULTS: The formula with sugar beet fiber reduced the postprandial blood glucose response (P < 0.05), serum insulin response (P < 0.025) and serum hydroxyproline response (P < 0.025), compared with the formula without fiber. CONCLUSION: Sugar beet fiber in a formula could thus reduce hyperglycemia in enteral nutrition and be useful in therapeutic liquid and formula diets. Sugar beet fiber was shown to tolerate preparation for canning well, namely homogenization and heating, and to be capable of diminishing the glycemic responses in the relatively small amount used.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

The purification and properties of the lectin from potato tubers, a hydroxyproline-containing glycoprotein.

1. Potato lectin has been purified and shown to be a glycoprotein containing about 50% of carbohydrate. Most of the sugar residues (92%) are arabinose; small amounts of galactose, glucose and glucosamine are also present. 2. The most abundant amino acid is hydroxyproline (16% of the residues), 11.5% of the residues are half-cystine and phenylalanine is absent. The lectin also contains about one residue/molecule of a basic amino acid, not usually found in proteins, which has been tentatively identified as ornithine. There is indirect evidence that the components of the glycoprotein are linked through hydroxyproline and arabinose. 3. By gel filtration in 6m-guanidine-HCl on Sepharose 4B, it was found that both the native glycoprotein and its S-carboxymethylated derivative had subunit molecular weights of 46000 (+/-5000). In a non-denaturing solution, two of these units appear to be associated. 4. The lectin is specifically inhibited in its agglutination reaction by oligosaccharides that contain N-acetylglucosamine. Its specificity is similar to, but not identical with, that of wheat-germ agglutinin.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1981

The location of arabinosyl:hydroxyproline transferase in the membrane system of potato tissue culture cells.

Incubation of a particulate preparation from potato tissue culture cells with UDP-beta-L-[1-3H] arabinose yielded a glycoprotein fraction containing labelled material with the characteristics of hydroxyproline arabinosides. The sugar-protein linkage was resistant to hot alkaline hydrolysis, and the hydrolytic products showed similar electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior to authentic hydroxyproline-arabinosides prepared from potato tissue culture cell walls. Incorporation of arabinose into glycoprotein was stimulated by the addition of de-arabinosylated potato lectin. The product of the incubation co-migrated with native potato lectin on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The subcellular distribution of the arabinosyl-transferase was investigated by fractionating potato tissue culture membranes on a discontinuous sucrose gradient in the presence or absence of Mg2+. Under both fractionation conditions the highest specific activity of the enzyme was found in the Golgi-enriched fraction. The results are discussed in relation to the synthesis of the hydroxy-proline-rich glycoprotein component of plant cell walls.

Arabinose↗
PubMed1981

[3H]proline incorporation and hydroxyproline concentration in articular cartilage during the development of osteoarthritis caused by immobilization. A study in vivo with rabbits.

Proline metabolism in vivo was studied during the development of immobilization osteoarthritis in rabbits. Collagen content was measured as the hydroxyproline concentration of the tissue in question. The incorporation of [3H]proline was used as the indicator for total protein synthesis; collagen synthesis rate was estimated from measurements of the specific radioactivity of hydroxyproline. Cartilage samples from knee and hip joints were analysed after 3, 7, 11, 18, 35 and 56 days of immobilization. The total protein and collagen synthesis rates of the immobilized legs increased and reached a maximum after 11-35 days. Although they decreased thereafter, these rates remained elevated to the end of the experiment. A slight increase in the synthetic activity of the non-immobilized contralateral legs was also detected after 7--18 days of immobilization. The isotope incorporation was markedly higher in tibial marginal tissue than in weight-bearing cartilage. In spite of the increased synthesis, no clear changes were found in the collagen content of the tissues studied during the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Proline and hydroxyproline excretion and vitamin C status in elderly human subjects.

1. Plasma and buffy-coat vitamin C, urinary proline, hydroxyproline, creatinine and total amino acid concentrations were meausred in 23 healthy elderly subjects at intervals of 3 months. 2. There was a strong positive correlation between plasma vitamin C and buffy-coat vititamin C. 3. There were not significant correlations between plasma or buffy-coat vitamin CPAMIN C. 3. There were not significant correlations between plasma or buffy-coat vitamin C and total urinary hydroxyproline, whether expressed on a creatinine basis or on a total amino acid basis. Similarly, no significant correlations could be detected involving the proline/hydroxyproline ratio in urine hydrolysates. 4. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma or buffy-coat vitamin C and total urinary proline, when expressed per unit of total urinary proline, when expressed per unit of total urinary proline, when expressed per unit of total amino acids in the hydrolysates. This correlation was not observed with unhydrolysed urine, and it appeared to reside in the diffusible fraction, part of whose proline could be liberated by prolidase digestion. In addition, in the man, there was some evidence for a positive correlation between plasma or buffy-coat vitamin C and the ratio of total urinary amino acids to creatinine. 5. These results support the view that poor vitamin C status in elderly humans may be associated with a defect in collagen proline hydroxylation, reflected by increased excretion of proline-rich, collagen-derived peptides. If this interpretation is correct, it indicates a potential defect in connective tissue repair, and could form the basis of a functional test for subclinical vitamin C deficiency.

Aged↗