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PubMed1995

Effect of hospital stay on health locus-of-control beliefs.

Although some studies suggest that health locus-of-control beliefs are not affected by situational factors, others show that health locus of control is related to health status, indicating that this psychological construct is not as stable as suggested. In this study, the stability of health locus of control during a hospital admission for a surgical operation is investigated. Although test-retest coefficients suggest stability, mean scores of the powerful others health locus-of-control belief show an increase during hospital stay, and a decrease afterward toward the original level. Furthermore, this study shows that patients with fewer hospital experiences have a greater increase and decrease than patients with more hospital experiences. Under certain circumstances, health locus-of-control beliefs can be temporarily affected by situational factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[An improvement in information support in the interests of the epidemiological health welfare of the troops].

The information acquisition, decision-making and control system must be the basic tool for optimizing the information procedures in the interests of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of troops. It's necessary to make a thorough revision of the existing account and record documentation in order to study its value. Each pattern of record cards must be scientifically substantiated depending on its effectiveness for further decision making. It's necessary to exclude all futile information. Record and account procedures must be automated and computerized throughout all chains of command beginning from a single military unit. Special systems must be developed for this matter. Realization of these goals will completely assure the monitoring of health status indices of servicemen and the environmental situation, as well as monitoring of risk factors influence upon the health of personnel.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1991

Factors associated with participation in a senior health promotion program.

The health status and life-style characteristics of participants in a senior health promotion program were compared with those of nonparticipants from the same HMO enrollee population. Nonparticipation was associated with lower income, less education, and lower involvement in community organizations. Although nonparticipants smoked more and evaluated their health less favorably than did participants, other risky behaviors and health status indicators differed little between the groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Health status of migrant farmworkers: a literature review and commentary.

I made a computerized search of MEDLINE files from 1966 through October 1989 followed by a review of this literature. Four hundred eighty-five articles were scanned; 152 were found specifically related to migrant families, while another 51 articles addressed the health of agricultural workers or farmers in general. Solid data exist on dental health, nutrition and, to a lesser extent, childhood health. Data also were prominent in several disease categories including certain infectious diseases, pesticide exposures, occupational dermatoses, and lead levels in children. Estimates of the size of the migrant and seasonal farmworker population vary widely. Basic health status indicators such as age-related death rates are unknown. Prevalence rates of the most common cause of death in the United States have yet to be studied. More research is needed into the health problems and health status of migrant and seasonal farmworker families.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Racial disparities in self-rated health at older ages: what difference does the neighborhood make?

OBJECTIVES: Racial differences in self-rated health at older ages are well documented. African Americans consistently report poorer health, even when education, income, and other health status indicators are controlled. The extent to which neighborhood-level characteristics mediate this association remains largely unexplored. We ask whether neighborhood social and economic resources help to explain the self-reported health differential between African Americans and Whites. METHODS: Using the 1990 Decennial Census, the 1994-1995 Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods-Community Survey, and selected years of the 1991-2000 Metropolitan Chicago Information Center-Metro Survey, we examine the impact of neighborhood structure and social organization on self-rated health for a sample of Chicago residents aged 55 and older (N = 636). We use multilevel modeling techniques to examine both individual and neighborhood-level covariates. RESULTS: Findings indicate that affluence, a neighborhood structural resource, contributes positively to self-rated health and attenuates the association between race and self-rated health. When the level of affluence in a community is low, residential stability is negatively related to health. Collective efficacy, a measure of neighborhood social resources, is not associated with health for this older population. DISCUSSION: Analyses incorporating individual and neighborhood-level contextual indicators may further our understanding of the complex association between sociodemographic factors and health.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Mortality of the population in Slovakia: past and present.

This contribution presents an analysis of the health status of the Slovakian population using trends in overall mortality, death rates from major diseases, and of other health indicators. The health status of the Slovak population at the beginning of this century as well as at the time of the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was very bad. This situation is demonstrated by the extremely high infant mortality rate, short life expectancy and enormous mortality from infectious diseases, particularly from tuberculosis. Despite progress before the Second World War, only in the postwar period was the health status comparable with other developed countries of western Europe as there was a rapid improvement of health lasting until the middle of 1960s. This positive evolution resulted mainly from the extensive use of preventive measures against infectious diseases, contributing to the decline of infant mortality and the gradual prolongation of life expectancy. A simultaneous rapid increase of noninfectious, mainly chronic diseases, particularly of cardiovascular diseases and cancer was observed. Attempts to deal with this increase lead only to enlargement of treatment facilities. The whole health policy in prevention, including the pre- and postgradual education of physicians and paramedical personnel, remained in its traditional orientation against infectious diseases. This situation, together with low social and moral standard of the population, increasing consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and inadequate composition and superfluous food led to the rapid deterioration of the health status of the Slovakian population in the past three decades. The orientation of the health policy to the prevention of noninfectious, mainly chronic, degenerative diseases and, above all a change of the attitude of the inhabitants of this country to their own health, present the only way to the substantial and rapid improvement of the health status of the population of Slovakia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Demographic and geographic variations of oral health among African Americans based on NHANES III.

UNLABELLED: As efforts continue to improve the health of all US citizens, oral health must not be overlooked. Oral health is an integral part of overall health status and oral diseases are among the most prevalent of all health problems. OBJECTIVES: To describe the oral health status and oral health behaviors of African Americans. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data set was used to examine a range of oral health indicators of African Americans with specific attention to demographic and geographic factors. The original data set consisted of 20,050 subjects, gathered through the use of complex, multi-stage, stratified and clustered sampling techniques. Only African Americans were included in this study which resulted in a sample of 5,616. Statistical analysis was conducted to allow the proper modeling of the complex, stratified, multistage survey design and sample weights of NHANES III. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of respondents indicated that they only visit the dentist when needed and had no regular visitation schedule. Dental health was worse for those individuals who were poor, unemployed, and uninsured. Regional differences in dental care appeared with individuals living in the south reporting poorer dental health. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study are useful for identifying sociodemographic and geographic factors related to oral health status. The insights gained from this study illustrate the need for tailoring oral health promotion programmes and services to specific groups within the African American community because service utilisation and response patterns and perceptions may be different.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Psychometric testing of a health survey for field reporting of decompression outcome.

A short, multi-item, self-administered diver health survey for measuring decompression illness (DCI)-related health status following diving was developed and tested. Seventy-six diver health surveys with subsequent diagnosis by hyperbaric specialists for DCI (yes, uncertain, no) were used for validity and reliability testing. Field testing in 21 occupational divers was used to evaluate test-retest reliability (n = 30) and typical diver health scores (n = 100). There was a significant correlation (Pearson's r = 0.50, P = 0.00001) between diver health scores and diagnosis for DCI. Cronbach's reliability coefficient was alpha = 0.73 and split half reliability was r(full) = 0.82. Test-retest reliability revised for dispersion was r(revised = 0.62. In working divers, a diver health score of six or greater indicated probable DCI with good specificity and sensitivity. The diver health survey provides a valid and reliable interval measure of DCI-related health status. For calibrating decompression models against diving outcome, an interval health score increases model degrees of freedom and may reduce response bias compared to a binary classification (yes/no DCI).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and self-reported diagnosed 'benign prostatic hyperplasia', and their effect on quality of life in a community-based survey of men in the UK.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a community-based population in the UK, to measure the impact of these symptoms on quality of life and health status in men with self-reported 'benign prostatic hyperplasia' ('BPH'), and to evaluate health-seeking behaviour in this population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A postal survey was distributed to an age-stratified random sample of 1500 men aged 50 years or older from throughout England, Scotland and Wales. The self-administered survey included: demographic questions; the EuroQoL (EQ-5D) instrument, consisting of a health-status index questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) on which participants rated their current health status; the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire; and a questionnaire assessing the participants' health-seeking behaviour and awareness of BPH. RESULTS: Responses to the survey were received from 1115 (74%) of the 1500 men. Overall, 41% (450/ 088) had an IPSS of > or =8, indicating moderate-to-severe LUTS, yet only 196 men (18%) reported that they had been diagnosed with 'BPH'. Both quality of life (as measured by the EQ-5D) and general health status (as measured by the VAS) decreased as urinary symptom severity increased, and the greater the severity, the more men who reported a problem with mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression (the five domains of the EQ-5D). The possibility of symptoms worsening appeared to be the key determinant in the respondents' decisions to consult a medical professional for their LUTS. Less than 11% of the respondents were aware of the availability of specific prescription drug therapies or surgical options for the treatment of 'BPH'. The most common first treatment strategy for those consulting for symptoms was watchful waiting (34%), followed by surgery (30%) and prescription drugs (21%). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-to-severe LUTS were relatively common in this UK population of men over the age of 50, yet relatively few had been diagnosed with 'BPH'. As LUTS adversely affect quality of life, improved treatment options and increased public awareness of BPH and LUTS are needed to combat a problem facing the growing number of elderly men in the population.

Aged↗