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Results for “HELMINTH INFECTIONS”

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At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Soil-transmitted helminth infection, skin infection, anaemia, and growth retardation in schoolchildren of Taveuni Island, Fiji.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of hookworm, ascaris, and trichuris infection; as well as anaemia, growth retardation, scabies, and impetigo; in schoolchildren of Taveuni Island, Fiji. METHODS: Schoolchildren from five villages on Taveuni Island were examined and had their haemoglobin concentration measured on a finger-prick blood sample. In addition, they had a faecal sample examined for the presence of helminth ova. RESULTS: 258 children aged 5-15 years were surveyed. The overall prevalence of infection was: hookworm 14%, ascaris 33%, trichuris 17%, scabies 32%, and impetigo 2%. Eight percent of children were anaemic, while 8% and 6% of children were on or below the third centile for weight and height respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low overall prevalence of hookworm infection and of anaemia suggests that regular anthelminthic treatment of schoolchildren would only provide modest health benefits. Further study is needed to identify the reasons why Taveuni Island schoolchildren weigh less than expected for their age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Status of Soil Transmitted Helminth infections in an urban locality of Assam; as observed from survey by WHO sampling methodology for school children and community survey by random sampling.

In this study, an attempt was made to compare and correlate findings of a Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) survey carried out using WHO sampling methodology for school children and community survey by random sampling. The prevalence and intensity of STH in the age-group of 9-10 yrs reportedly represent community status. The results showed that the STH prevalence and intensity in the age-group of 9-10 years do represent community burden. However, more such surveys will have to be carried out to substantiate this statement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The distribution of helminth infections along the coastal plain of Kwazulu-Natal province, South Africa.

The results of a previous study indicated that, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Necator americanus and Strongyloides stercoralis were endemic to the coastal lowlands only. The prevalences of these helminths, as well as those of Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides, have now been investigated along a 1000-km-long transect through the coastal plain, at altitudes of < 300 m, from the Mozambique border (26 degrees 57'S) to the border with Eastern Cape province (30 degrees 53'S). Necator americanus was by far the most dominant hookworm species. Although prevalences of N. americanus and S. stercoralis infection decreased with increasing southerly latitude, those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides did not. Determinants of these distribution patterns are examined in terms of a suite of temperature- and rainfall-related variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Helminth infection in cattle from Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) after one grazing season].

Fifteen Holstein-Friesian bulls which grazed together for one season (April to November) in Schleswig-Holstein were necropsied after housing for 2 to 6 weeks. The approximately 12-month old bulls weighed 378 to 491 kg at slaughter and did not receive any anthelmintic on pasture. The most prevalent species of the gastrointestinal tract was Ostertagia ostertagi (prevalence; geometric mean worm count; minimum-maximum) (100%; 1,355; 130-4,590) followed by Cooperia (C.) oncophora (86.7%; 343; 20-14,800), Oesophagostomum (Oe.) radiatum (86.7%; 3.7; 1-42), Trichostrongylus axei (80%; 65; 50-910), C. punctata (73.3%; 14.8; 10-140), Trichuris (T.) discolor (73.3%; 4.8; 1-108) and Skrjabinagia lyrata (60%; 8.5; 18-260) which were recorded in more than half of the animals. Less frequently, C. surnabada (46.7%; 18; 10-4025), T. skrjabini (33.3%; 0.7; 2-14), Nematodirus helvetianus (13.3%; 0.5; 20-30), Spiculopteragia böhmi (6.7%; 0.2; [26]), Capillaria bovis (6.7%; 0.2; [10]) and Oe. venulosum (6.7%; 0.2; [9]) were recovered. Inhibited fourth-stage larvae of the Ostertagiinae were recovered from the abomasal mucosae of all bulls (100%; 13,159; 5,800-56,950). The abomasum harboured the highest worm burden followed by the small intestine and large intestine (geometric means): 15,565, 461 and 10 nematodes, respectively. Inhibited fourth-stage larvae amounted to 90% of the abomasal Ostertagiinae. Dictyocaulus viviparus was recorded in 73.3% of the animals with a geometric mean count of 12.8 (1-822 per animal).

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Helminth infections in Danish organic swine herds.

In nine organic swine herds, faecal excretion and pasture contamination by parasite eggs/larvae were studied in a period from March to October 1999. It was shown that the organic pigs were infected with Ascaris suum (28% of weaners, 33% of fatteners, 4% of sows), Trichuris suis (4% of weaners, 13% of fatteners, <1% of sows) and Oesophagostomum spp. (5% of weaners, 14% of fatteners, 20% of sows) whereas no infections with Hyostrongylus rubidus, Metastrongylus spp. or Strongyloides ransomi were detected. Moreover, no pigs showed clinical signs of infestations with scabies or lice. In the soil samples, very few Trichuris eggs were found throughout the season, whereas Ascaris eggs were found in 14% of the soil samples from sow pastures and in 35% from slaughter pig pastures, with the first infective eggs being recorded in July and the maximum number in August. Infective Oesophagostomum larvae were found in the grass samples in increasing numbers from May to October. Single herd cases of exceptionally high parasite infection levels are described in relation to herd management procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Status of intestinal helminthic infections of borderline residents in North Korea.

The present authors investigated intestinal parasitic infections among North Korean residents and refugees in China in 2003. The Kato-Katz method was applied to 236 residents and soldiers in a town on the North Korea-China border and to 46 people at a refugee camp in China. Only eggs of Ascaris and Trichuris were detected, with egg positive rates of 41.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The total egg positive rate was 55.0% and most of those who were egg positive were only lightly infected. Women of 61.2% and men of 53.1% were egg positive. The refugees from rural areas showed higher egg positive rates than those from urban areas. The present investigation confirmed high prevalence of soil-transmitted intestinal helminths in rural borderline areas of North Korea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Zinc deficiency and host response to helminth infection: Echinostoma caproni infections in CBA mice.

The effect of zinc deficiency on the response of CBA mice to infection with the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni was examined. Young CBA mice were allocated to one of three dietary groups: a group fed a zinc deficient diet ad libitum, a control group pair fed a zinc sufficient diet and a control group fed a zinc sufficient diet ad libitum. The mice on the zinc deficient diet gained significantly less weight than the pair fed controls. In primary infections with six E. caproni metacercariae followed over a period of 128 days, zinc deficiency delayed worm expulsion. In addition, zinc deficiency resulted in a prolonged IgM response, a delayed IgG response and an increased IgA response towards the end of the experiment. Resistance to challenge infection day 21 following a primary infection with 25 E. caproni metacercariae was slightly, but not significantly, affected by zinc deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoepidemiology of intestinal helminthic infections. 2. Immunological correlates with patterns of Trichuris infection.

The significance of parasite-specific serum and secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses as determinants of Trichuris trichiura infection intensity in endemic communities is discussed. Comparison of age-dependent isotype responses and the age profiles of infection intensity in 2 endemic communities with markedly different levels of T. trichiura transmission suggest that serum IgA responses may reflect the accumulated past experience of infection and thus may be relevant in acquired immunity to T. trichiura and contribute to the age-convexity of infection intensity in areas of intense transmission. Preliminary analysis of data from a second community-based study shows that parasite-specific secretory IgA in saliva increases with age and correlates negatively with infection intensity, suggesting that secretory IgA may also be implicated in acquired immunity to this gut-dwelling nematode.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Expression of CD30 mRNA, CD30L mRNA and a variant form of CD30 mRNA in restimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with helminthic infections resembling a Th2 disease.

It has been proposed that CD30, a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is preferentially up-regulated on Th2-type human T cells. In order to investigate a correlation between infection with Echinococcus multilocularis and CD30 expression, we analysed regulation of CD30 mRNA, a variant form of CD30 mRNA (CD30v) and CD30 ligand (CD30L) mRNA expression on PBMC from patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In PBMC of patients with AE as well as healthy donors, spontaneous expression of CD30L mRNA and the CD30v mRNA could be detected. However, the intact form of CD30 mRNA could be detected neither in freshly isolated PBMC of patients nor in PBMC of healthy individuals. Expression of CD30L mRNA and the variant form of CD30 mRNA was frequently detected at individual time points during 72 h of culture of PBMC stimulated with crude Echinococcus antigen. In contrast to CD30v or CD30L mRNA expression, induction of CD30 mRNA expression was detected only in three out of six (50%) healthy donors and in 10 out of 21 (48%) patients with alveolar echinococcosis after 72 h of incubation. As a control, mitogenic stimulation of PBMC of both healthy individuals and infected patients led to expression of intact CD30 mRNA within 24 h of culture. These data demonstrate the different expression of two different forms of CD30 mRNA in PBMC of human individuals. The specific induction of CD30 expression is correlated only in rare cases with the clinical status of patients with AE, indicating the lack of a general induction of CD30 mRNA in this Th2-type-dominated helminthic disease. The data provide further evidence that the CD30 receptor is not an exclusive marker for a Th2-type response.

Adult↗