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PubMed2004

Psychoanalytic supportive psychotherapy of a terrified communist: report of a 37-year treatment.

This is a case report of a 37-year treatment of a victim of the Holocaust. It illustrates the use of psychoanalytic based supportive psychotherapy to enable a severely damaged person to pull himself together and live a respectable life. The case is of special interest because a careful evaluation of the patient's ego functioning was important all through the treatment, and revealed an unusual set of defences. He was able to deal with his rage by taking an extreme Maoist Communist political position, ranting and raving about it, including his hate of America, etc., but at the same time he encapsulated this and focused it in the psychotherapy sessions. In contrast to many such fanatical individuals, he was able to keep himself from acting out these political feelings in any way or to engage in any destructive behavior. This seemed to form an intermediate position that enabled him to function and adapt to our society, get married, find long term respectable employment, and finally retire with savings and a pension. Understanding these ego operations empathically made it possible for the author to tolerate his views without either challenging them or agreeing with them and enabled him to come regularly and utilize supportive psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Describing suicidality: an investigation of qualitative SSF responses.

Given the incidence and seriousness of suicidality in clinical practice, the need for new and better ways to assess suicide risk is clear. While there are many published assessment instruments in the literature, survey data suggest that these measure are not widely used. One possible explanation is that current quantitatively developed assessment instruments may fail to capture something essential about the suicidal patient's experience. The current exploratory study examined a range of open ended qualitative written responses made by suicidal outpatients to five assessment prompts from the Suicide Status Form (SSF)--psychological pain, press, perturbation, hopelessness, and self-hate. Two different samples of suicidal outpatients seeking treatment, including suicidal college students (n = 119) and active duty U.S. Air Force personnel (n = 33), provided a wide range of written responses to the five SSF prompts. A qualitative coding manual was developed through a step-by-step methodology; two naive coders were trained to use the coding system and were able to sort all the patients' written responses into the content categories with very high interrater reliability (Kappa > .80). Certain written qualitative responses of the patients were more frequent than others, both within and across the five SSF constructs. Among a range of specific exploratory findings, one general finding was that two thirds of the 636 obtained written responses could be reliably categorized under four major content headings: relational (22%), role responsibilities (20%), self (15%), and unpleasant internal states (10%). Theoretical, research, and clinical implications of the methodology and data are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Popular education and child nutrition: experience with women in a rural area of Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: Community intervention was undertaken using the health promotion strategy, the objective being to develop a health education program for women. METHODS: The popular education methodology was used with the purpose of generating organizational and social participation processes to improve hates of child nutrition and survival. RESULTS: The main results are linked with the generation of community self-care processes and the creation of a health promoters' group which has been working with women, focusing their work on improving child nutrition and family health. The health promoters have taken charge of the epidemiological surveillance program for child nutrition and, together with the mothers, have undertaken a series of actions which have helped to decrease the rate of malnutrition among the children participating in this programs. CONCLUSIONS: There would be greater possibility of success if the general population were involved in the solution of this problem. This would be possible by the use of an adequate methodology which brought about greater community participation in such a way as to leave room for its own improvement. Popular education provides such a tool. It is necessary to continue to increase experience in health education with this type of methodology.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

[Comparison between the psychophysical scale methods for magnitude estimation and category estimation of nurses' social perception].

This experiment aimed to rank nurses' social perception through the magnitude and category estimation methods. Study participants were high school and university students, active and retired professionals in the areas of medicine, psychology, nursing and dentistry. The results showed: (1) the characteristics neat, responsible, clean, careful and efficacious occupied the first positions in terms of nurses' social perception; whereas the characteristics useless, dishonorable, irresponsible and hateful occupied the last positions in the scales obtained by the two direct psychophysical methods, and (2) the non-metric social perception continuum has prosthetic characteristics.

Nurses↗
PubMed2001

Same-sex romantic attraction and experiences of violence in adolescence.

OBJECTIVES: Recent national attention to hate crimes committed against lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths has highlighted the need to understand this group's experiences of violence. Using nationally representative data, we examine the associations between romantic attraction and experiences of violence, as well as the risk of witnessing violence and perpetrating violence against others. METHODS: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were examined. Youths reporting same-sex and both-sex romantic attractions were compared with those reporting other-sex attractions. Survey logistic regression was used to control for sample design effects. RESULTS: Youths who report same-sex or both-sex romantic attraction are more likely to experience extreme forms of violence than youths who report other-sex attraction. Youths reporting same-sex and both-sex romantic attractions are also more likely to witness violence. The higher incidence of violence perpetrated by youths attracted to the same sex is explained by their experiences of violence. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide strong evidence that youths reporting same-sex or both-sex romantic attraction are at greater risk for experiencing, witnessing, and perpetrating violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Self-report symptoms that predict major depression in patients with prominent physical symptoms.

The diagnosis of depression in patients presenting with both depressive and physical symptoms is potentially confounded and problematic. The present study of 271 patients with four types of illness all with prominent physical symptoms--end-stage renal disease (n = 99), irritable bowel syndrome (n = 21), post-infectious neuromyasthenia (n = 25) and eating disorders (n = 126)--investigates if there are a group of symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which predict the diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) made using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Discriminant function analysis of BDI responses yielded a four item function--self-hate, indecisiveness, loss of appetite and suicidal thoughts--which maximally discriminated between patients with and without a current MDE and correctly classified 75 percent of subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Taste effectiveness of glutamate compounds with different cations in rat.

A role of a cation of glutamate compounds for their taste has not been well elucidated yet. In this experiment, the difference of taste quality of glutamate compounds which have a different cation was compared to reveal the role of cations in the glutamate compounds on their characteristics of taste. Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), monopotassium glutamate (MPG) and monocalcium glutamate (MCG) were used. The preference test in rats revealed that the rate of drinking volume per day was not statistically different among MSG, MPG and MCG. In the next experiment, the conditioned taste aversion test was performed in rats, and rats were conditioned to hate to drink MSG, MPG and MCG respectively by pairing the intraperitoneal injection of LiCl. In the MSG conditioned animals, the drinking rate of MSG decreased, and that of MPG significantly increased, but that of MCG did not change. In the MPG conditioned animals, drinking rate of MPG was strongly depressed, but that of MCG tended to increase, and that of MSG did not change at all. In the MCG conditioned animals, the drinking rate of MCG decreased, but MSG and MPG did not change. The chorda tympani responses to 0.1 M MSG applied to the tongue surface was larger than those to 0.1 M MCG, and the responses to 0.1 M MPG were the smallest out of these three glutamate compounds. The nerve responses of the glossopharyngeal nerve to MSG, MCG and MPG were very similar to each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Responses of disturbed adolescent on the Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement.

Responses to the Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement (KTSA)by 22 adolescents in residential treatment center and 22 adolescents living at home were examined for differential reactions in 6 scoring classifications. The disturbed group did not differ in the relationships of objects in their arrangements, in objects liked and disliked, or in numbers of objects grouped by category. Reasons given for their arrangements by several members of the disturbed group held pathological implications, and significant differences were found between the two groups in the directional consistency in their arrangements. The kinds of objects sorted into good, bad, and hate by both boys and girls in the disturbed group differed significantly from the norms. It was concluded that level of symbolization, consistency in arranging, and the kinds of objects sorted into the categories should be useful in the assessment and treatment of adolescent problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sex differences in symptoms of depression among American children and adolescents.

The Arabic Children's Depression Inventory in its English version was administered to a sample of 535 U.S. school students (11 to 18 years old). By sex, differences on total score and on 19 of 27 items (70.4%) were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, differences were significant for 8 (29.6%) items on which girls had higher mean scores. Half of the items were positive indicators of depression (I am sad, I feel lonely, I feel miserable, and I hate myself), while the other half were negative (I feel happy, Life is rosy, A lot of people like me, and I am optimistic).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Obsessiveness and a thematic apperception test-based measure of aggression.

Freud (1909/1955) hypothesized a conflict between love and hate in obsessive neurosis. To test this relationship, we compared a Thematic Apperception Test-based measure of aggressive fantasies in college men who scored either high or low on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. 64 undergraduate men from beginning classes in psychology participated. Their mean age was 19.4 yr. (SD= 1.7). 16 men with high scores had significantly higher scores on a TAT-based measure of aggressive fantasies toward parents, partners, and others than 15 men with low scores, which is consistent with Freud's hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Zoonotic infections from pets. Understanding the risks and treatment.

As much as we hate to admit it, even the gentlest of our friendly pets can harbor harmful pathogens, and although the fact is not widely known, pet-associated infections can significantly affect the health of humans. In this article, Dr Morrison focuses on pets and their accompanying potential zoonoses, outlining how these diseases can be transmitted to humans and how the infections are treated. Special attention is paid to rabies and toxoplasmosis, which have attained particular notoriety over time.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A nurse's experiences working with sex offenders.

Studying the families of the offenders showed that some victims and spouses, although they abhor the abuse, do not hate the offender and do not want others to condemn him. Working with such motivated, remorseful offenders and witnessing their tremendous remodeling has increased my faith in the ability of people to grow and change for the better.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The doctor-patient-family relationship: a compensatory alliance.

Patients request health care for reasons that transcend the management of medical disease. Patients seek to create an "alliance" with the physician which "compensates" for conflict or deficit in the family system. This is particularly true for "problem," "difficult," or "hateful" patients who have significant psychosocial problems. When such a compensatory alliance evolves, it may become dysfunctional, limiting the physician's ability to make necessary medical interventions. By not explicitly including other family members, the traditional dyadic model of the doctor-patient relationship predisposes towards the formation of a compensatory alliance. The nature of the dysfunctional compensatory alliance may even remain obscure because the patient presents a distorted picture of the family situation. Therefore, to manage the compensatory alliance, the physician must perform a simple family assessment, including direct communication with other family members, early in the formation of the doctor-patient relationship. The physician should be alert to the formation of a dysfunctional compensatory alliance and the need to perform a family assessment whenever a patient explicitly or implicitly makes a request that engages the doctor with another family member. Recognition that a patient is "difficult" or awareness of a sense of helplessness, and frustration in caring for a patient may also indicate formation of a dysfunctional compensatory alliance and the need for family assessment. Recognizing key aspects of the doctor-patient-family relationship will enable the clinician to manage the compensatory alliance in a productive and therapeutic fashion. When family dysfunction requiring significant change is discovered, involvement of a family therapist should be offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Computer system RFPs: long form vs. short form.

Requests for proposal, the thousand-page tomes hospitals write when shopping for a new computer system, evoke an array of emotions. Some hate them, saying they're too long, too expensive to answer and leave too many false impressions. Others like them, saying RFPs are valuable, especially as an organizational tool. Some hospitals say they have the answer--a more focused approach.

Competitive Bidding↗
PubMed1993

Doctors under the knife.

With Bill Clinton's new reforms only a month away, the health-care system is on the operating table--and the doctors are under the knife. Americans have a love-hate relationship with physicians: they like the care that doctors provide but hold them to blame for the nation's health-care mess. NEWSWEEK looks at how the culture of medicine may change, assesses doctors' fears--and examines the brave new world of HMOs.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1993

Preparing for terror.

Terrorists enjoy their exposure in the international press. Their acts and treats of violence are heralded in headlines and broadcast throughout the world. They purposely inflict damage in public places where there are large numbers of victims, with the potential for a great deal of destruction and debris. They intend to inflict economic loss, instill fear and disrupt everyday life, while at the same time believing their need to maim and kill is justified. Is it no wonder that the World Trade Center was a highly prized target? You must remember that terrorism involves the perpetrator's willful, calculated choice to use innocent victims as targets, and that the terrorist's acts are deliberate, systematic murders to inspire fear for political or criminal ends. As Brian Jenkins stated back in 1983, "terrorism is never a short-term event...you never really get over it...and its effects can't be buried or forgotten." Thus, our responsibility, as EMS providers, is to recognize the threat and refuse to be lulled into a sense of complacency. The United States is at risk, and our greatest threat may even come from our own ranks: political crusaders, activists, hate groups, drug merchants and gangs. The criminals, zealots, fanatics and extremists of the world will continue to believe their crusades and turf battles can be won through terrorist acts. It's up to us to respond effectively to the aftermath.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1994

Health politics and policy: survey of U.S. health administration courses.

In summary, the vast majority of graduate health administration programs in this country offer a course in health politics and policy. Most of these courses are conducted as a seminar involving class discussions, guest speakers, and student projects. Aside from these generalizations, there is little consensus regarding such matters as course content, objectives, textbooks, and readings. The findings of this survey indicate a crying need in health administration education for a basic textbook or collection of readings on health policy and politics. Such a text should cover the following: 1. Basic information on United States politics and government: our constitutional framework; the presidency; the legislative process; the role of the judiciary; state and local governments; etc. 2. Late 20th century United States political culture: why Americans hate politics and distrust politicians; government as "part of the problem"; the role of the media; the role of lobbyists; campaign financing; increased us of initiatives and referenda; etc. 3. Comparisons of the United States health care system to systems in other countries: Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, Germany, etc. 4. Case studies on traditional health policy issues: Hill-Burton, planning, cost versus access, risk segmentation, rationing, health ethics, etc. 5. Bibliography of suggested readings. A textbook or anthology of this type would provide a solid foundation for a health policy course. Instructors could then add discussion of current events, guest speakers' presentations, and selected readings on emerging issues such as health care reform. In this way the course could be grounded in sound political science theory while also meeting the students' needs for practical insights into health policy issues of the day and their own role as health care executives in influencing the outcome of those policy debates.

Curriculum↗