Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Group Structure”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Toward an assessment of social identity: the structure of group identification and its effects on in-group evaluations.

Two studies were conducted to explore relations among different aspects of group identification and their effects on in-group evaluations. Two aspects of identification were differentiated, namely, identification with the group membership (IDgroup) and with other group members (IDmember). The first of these was assumed to be further divided into its cognitive and affective subcomponents. An identification scale was developed and administered to students of a Japanese vocational school. Factor analyses in Studies 1 and 2 distinguished IDgroup and IDmember, but the cognitive and affective components of the former were not separated. Experimental studies concurrently undertaken confirmed many of the predictions and contentions by social identity theorists. Of particular importance was the result from Study 1 that members with low IDgroup deprecated the in-group when their negative social identity became salient, whereas those with high IDgroup (but not IDmember) did not. Both theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate as a prototype drug for a group of structurally related calcium channel blockers in human platelets.

We have synthesized a series of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB, 2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidine) analogs and tested their ability to inhibit thrombin-induced Ca(2+) influx in human platelets. The analogs were either synthesized by adding various substituents to the oxazaborolidine ring (methyl, dimethyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, methyl phenyl, and pyridyl) or increasing the size of the oxazaborolidine ring to seven- and nine-membered rings. NMR analysis of the boron-containing analogs suggests that each of them exist as a ring structure through the formation of an N-->B coordinate bond (except for the hexyl analog). The possibility that these boron-containing compounds formed dimers was also considered. All compounds dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced Ca(2+) influx in human platelets, with the 2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidine-5-one derivative having the weakest activity at 100 microM, whereas the (S)-4-benzyl and (R)-4-benzyl derivatives of 2-APB were approximately 10 times more potent than the parent 2-APB. Two nonboron analogs (3-methyl and 3-tert-butyl 2,2-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolidine) were synthesized; they had approximately the same activity as 2-APB, and this implies that the presence of boron was not necessary for inhibitory activity. All of the compounds tested were also able to inhibit thrombin-induced calcium release. We concluded that extensive modifications of the oxazaborolidine ring in 2-APB can be made, and Ca(2+)-blocking activity was maintained.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed2005

It's the activity that counts: what clients value in psycho-educational groups.

BACKGROUND: This qualitative pilot research study provides client-centred outcomes by evaluating psycho-educational groups from the clients'perspective. PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine what clients value in three psycho-educational groups offered in an acute inpatient psychiatric setting. METHODS: Interviews lasting 30 to 60 minutes relating to the 8 participants group experiences were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A constant comparative approach was used to analyze data allowing for both expected and emergent themes to be integrated into later interviews. RESULTS: Identified themes were group structure, readiness to attend groups and process information, and group milieu. Participants valued voluntary attendance and supportive milieu of groups. Insertion of relevant activity into groups to promote interaction, learning and information retention was also valued. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Occupational therapists offering mental health groups should consider a number of factors. These include the importance of transitioning clients from activity groups to psycho-educational groups, as well as the value clients place in determining their readiness to attend a group and having a supportive milieu with limits to emotional disclosure.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

Antiobesity Surgery: Is a Structured Support Group Desirable? Preliminary.

The relevance of a post-gastroplasty physician-and dietitian-supervised support group for weight loss, dietary habits, dietary knowledge, and exercise has been assessed. Two post vertical banded gastroplasty groups were compared: those who did (n = 10) and those who did not (n = 11) attend a monthly post-gastroplasty support session. A 55-point questionnaire plus a 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency analysis were employed. Addressed were dietary and exercise history, eating habits, and factual dietary knowledge. At the time following surgery of this study (support: mean 29.7 vs no support: mean 34.9 months, NS), there was no difference in weight loss between the two groups. There was no difference in the two groups between preoperative, length of time from surgery to interview or weight at Interview. Those who attended the support group consumed significantly fewer calories (1559 +/- 320 vs 2278 +/- 271, p </= 0.5), total grams of fat a day (57 +/- 19 vs lie +/- 17, p </= 0.5), fat as percentage of total diet (26 +/- 4 vs 44 +/- 2, p </= 0.0005, and saturated fat as percentage of total diet 8 +/- 1 vs 17 +/- 2, p </= 0.0005). Attendees were more physically active than those who did not attend (236+/-49 vs 115+/-46 minutes exercise per week, p </= 0.05). Of those attending the seven monthly group session, 80% stated that it was easy to determine the fat content of food from the food label, compared to 36% in the non-support group (p </= 0.05). This suggests that to the postoperative period studied, weight loss is determined by the operation itself. However, we show that those who do attend are better informed, make wiser food choices, and are more physically active. To determine whether the difference in dietary habits and nutritional knowledge will result in an improved long-term weight loss, requires a more prolonged follow-up.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Bacillomycin Lc, a new antibiotic of the iturin group: isolations, structures, and antifungal activities of the congeners.

Bacillomycin Lc, a new antifungal antibiotic of the iturin class, was isolated from a strain of Bacillus subtilis as a set of five congeners. The structure as determined by chemical and spectrometric analyses has been shown to differ from that of bacillomycin L by sequence changes from aspartate-1 to asparagine-1 and from glutamine-5 to glutamate-5. The five congeners differ from each other only in the structure of the aliphatic side chain of the constituent beta-amino acid. The hydrophobicity of the beta-amino acid affects the antifungal activity of the congener, as activity increased in the order of increased congener retention on a reversed-phase HPLC column.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Composition and structure of "group B saponin" in soybean seed.

The composition of "group B saponin" in soybean seed was analyzed by HPLC, and six kinds of "group B saponin," named Ba, Bb, Bb', Bc, Bd and Be according to elution order from HPLC, were detected. Of these saponins, Ba, Bb, Bb' and Bc were identified with soyasaponin V, I, III and II, respectively. Bd and Be were novel saponins possessing soyasapogenol E as the aglycone and the same sugar chain as Ba and Bb, respectively. These saponins were very unstable in the isolated state and had a tendency to form Ba and Bb, respectively. From these results, Bd and Be are presumed to be the precursors of Ba and Bb in soybean seed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1988

[Epidemiologic evaluation of the immunologic structure of groups with respect to hepatitis A virus].

The members of a newly formed group of persons have been found to be dissimilar in the intensity of their immunity to hepatitis A virus (HAV), the character of changes in the specific antibody level and the time of its retention. In groups with the favorable situation with respect to hepatitis A, the epidemic process takes a latent course. The continuous circulation of the infective agent is ensured by the presence of the asymptomatic and inapparent forms of this infection. Changes in the specific immunostructure of groups with sporadic changes of hepatitis A are directed mainly towards an increase in the proportion of highly immune persons (with the titer of antibodies to HAV exceeding 1:2,000), the number of persons with low and medium antibody levels remaining approximately the same. Under the conditions of the northwestern region, the titer of antibodies to HAV exceeding 1:2,000 in the blood serum ensures the protection of humans from hepatitis A.

Antibody Formation↗