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PubMed1984

The role of gallium-67 studies in the management of malignant melanoma.

This study was undertaken to assess the role of gallium-67 studies in the management of malignant melanoma. Gallium-67 studies were performed in 41 patients prospectively to determine the presence of regional lymph-node spread or distant metastatic disease. A high correlation was found in the assessment of lymph-node status between the results of the gallium-67 study and those of the histological examination. Distant metastases were demonstrated in brain, lung, bone, and liver. In three patients, lymphoscintigraphy was performed before the gallium-67 study in order to assess regional drainage; this may prove to be a very useful combination in determining treatment strategy, especially in patients with truncal melanoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

[Value and duration of the bone localization of gallium in the mouse].

Gallium was administered subcutaneously to mice, and was found to be localized essentially in the skeleton. It was measured in the bones of animals given daily injections of gallium sulfate. There was little or no mortality. The amount of gallium found rose with the number of injections, and was greater when higher doses were injected. Elimination was very low after cessation of treatment. Results were used to study the action of gallium on cutaneous allografts in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Is it useful to perform a (67)gallium scintigraphy in the follow-up of patients with gastric lymphoma?].

Gastric (67)gallium uptake in patients with peptic ulcer has been described in many publications literature. We present the case of a jejunal (67)gallium uptake in a patient with a background of total gastrectomy due to a diffuse large B cell gastric lymphoma, associated to benign peptic ulcer which had been identified by endoscopy. We have not found any similar cases in regards to (67)gallium reported in the literature. This study aims to present a review of the causes of gastrointestinal uptake of (67)gallium and of the utility of the radiotracer in patients with gastric lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Value of Gallium-67 scanning in differentiation of malignant and benign tumor in oral and maxillofacial area].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Gallium-67 scanning in differentiation of malignant and benign tumor in oral and maxillofacial region. METHODS: 41 patients with tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region were undergone Gallium-67 scanning. The results were correlated with the final pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty out of 21 patients who had malignant tumors showed positive Gallium-67 scanning images (95.23%); three of 20 patients who had benign tumors also demonstrated positive results (15.00%). There was a significant difference between these two groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Gallium-67 scanning is a useful adjunct tool for differentiation of malignant and benign tumors in oral and maxillofacial region.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Gallium: an alternative for amalgam?].

Some of the physical properties of gallium-based dental alloys for restorative goals equal those of dental silver amalgam, but the results of the relatively few and short-term studies of their clinical behaviour differ. Corrosion, discoloration, rough surface, expansion and fractures of the margins and possibly the teeth, may pose serious problems and are assessed to make the clinical use premature. Handling characteristics are less favourable than for silver amalgam. Gallium alloys release a substantial amount of gallium. Results of toxicity studies with cell cultures differ. Compared to some brands of silver amalgams the alloys seem to be somewhat more cytotoxic during a longer period of time. However, the gallium released by the restorations would be insufficient to harm the patients. Implants of (early) alloys evoked more serious reactions than silver amalgam. Sensitization is not reported, but few restorations have been made and allergic studies are scarce.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[Relation between 67-gallium scintigraphy and bronchoalveolar lavage--differential cell count and superoxide anion liberation--in patients with systemic scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus].

The aim of the study was to determine the pulmonary 67-gallium uptake, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differentiation and the activity of BAL cells, measured as release of superoxide anion (O2-), and to investigate the results whether there are relations. In 11 nonsmoking systemic scleroderma (SS) patients and 11 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with lung involvement double-sided BAL were performed, mainly in regions with increased 67-gallium uptake. Release of O2- was measured by INT-assey. BAL cell differentiation was in SS and SLE pathological in 68.2% without side-difference. In contrast to SS, O2(-)-release in SLE depends on BAL cell differentiation and is most increased in normal BAL cell differentiation. There is no correlation between 67-gallium uptake and both BAL cell differentiation and O2(-)-release. The results suggest, that in contrast to SS, BAL cells in SLE with pathological differentiation are less activated than BAL cells with normal differentiation probable due to autoimmunological factors. Pulmonary 67-gallium scan and BAL seem to be independent from each other.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Does gallium uptake in the pulmonary hila predict involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

67Ga imaging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is useful for evaluating the presence of viable tumour in a residual mass after treatment. However, we have frequently seen gallium uptake in the pulmonary hila without other evidence of lymphoma. To study the significance of this finding, 79 patients with intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were reviewed. Thirty-seven (47%) had abnormal hilar gallium uptake. Twenty-three of these could be fully evaluated, and only five (22%) had hilar lymphoma. A pattern of bilateral, symmetric hilar uptake was seen in 19 patients, but only one had evidence of lymphoma. In 15 cases, this pattern was seen only on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aetiology of this uptake remains unknown. It is not treatment related, as 12 patients had hilar gallium uptake prior to chemotherapy. Unless confirmed by other methods, hilar gallium uptake should not be attributed to lymphoma, and should not influence patient management.

Alberta↗
PubMed2004

[Study on the determination of trace gallium in molybdenum-coated pyrolytic graphite tube by electrothermal absorption spectrometry].

The effects on gallium atomization in the pyrolytic graphite tube imposed by different matrix modifiers and different coatings were discussed detailedly in this paper. In the presence of matrix modifier of Ni(NO3)2 the matrix interference was eliminated efficiently. The pyrolytic graphite tubes were coated differently with lanthanum, zirconium, and molybdenum to avoid producing gallium carbide. Results showed that the tube with molybdenum coating was the best. On this basis, the mechanism of gallium atomization in the molybdenum-coated pyrolytic graphite tube using Ni(NO3)2 as a matrix modifier was studied furthermore; in addition, the parameters of the operation were optimized. As a result, a new method improved in many aspects was developed to detect trace gallium in complicated sample of gangue. The outcomes of practical applications indicated that the method could satisfy the requests of analysis and that the manipulations were simple to achieve. The characteristic content, the detection limit, and the adding recoveries were 2.12 x 10(-11) g, 1.4 x 10(-10) g and 97.4%-102.7% respectively, and the relative standard deviation was less than or equal to 3.6% (n = 11).

Absorption↗
PubMed2006

[Dynamic effects of gallium chloride on osteoporotic rat model induced by tretinoin].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of gallium salts on bone metabolism in osteoporosis rats caused by tretinoin. METHODS: After duplicating osteoporotic model of rats by using tretinoin, we observed the metabolism of blood, urine and bone in vivo. The rats were divided into control group, osteoporosis group, estrogen treated and gallium chloride treated group. The indexes of bone metabolism and related indexes in serum and urine were observed after 60 days of treatment. In the same time, we observed the dynamic effect of 30 days and 60 days of treatment. RESULTS: After duplicating osteoporotic model, rats' bone structures were injured, the bone mineral density and the organic matrix decreased, the contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in serum were higher. After gallium salt treating, the above damages were inhibited or retarded. Trabecular width and thickness of bone cortex were significantly increased. AKP and TRAP activities were decreased to the level close to that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Gallium salt is effective in treating osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Technetium-99m-DTPA aerosol and gallium-67 scanning in pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

We retrospectively compared the results of 67Ga chest scans and 99mTc-DTPA aerosol clearance measurements with those of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 88 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Of 100 investigations, a pulmonary infection was diagnosed in 39, mainly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a noninfectious disorder was found in 42, mainly Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphocytic alveolitis. Gallium scans and DTPA clearance were abnormal respectively in 74% and 92% of infectious complications, and in 12% and 60% of noninfectious disorders. In 10 cases, DTPA clearance was accelerated, while chest x-ray, arterial blood gases and even gallium scanning were normal. A value of DTPA clearance greater than 4.5%.min-1 was both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The gallium scan was always normal in bronchopulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. We conclude that in symptomatic patients: (1) DTPA clearance measurements are useful for detecting lung disease when chest x-ray and/or PaO2 are normal and (2) a gallium scan is indicated to distinguish progressive Kaposi's sarcoma from a superimposed second process when radiological abnormalities of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma are present.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Utility of gallium imaging of the kidneys in diagnosing primary amyloid nephrotic syndrome.

We undertook a study to determine the value of gallium imaging of the kidneys in patients who had primary amyloidosis that was manifest clinically by nephrotic syndrome. We studied 28 patients with gallium-67 (67Ga) citrate scans performed 48 hr after injection. Intense (3+ to 4+) uptake was noted in both kidneys in 25 of 28 patients. Renal amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis when diffuse bilateral renal uptake of [67Ga]citrate is seen in the setting of nephrotic syndrome. Gallium uptake did not differentiate amyloid nephrotic syndrome from other causes of nephrotic syndrome. Renal gallium uptake showed a weak correlation with 24-hr urine protein excretion (p = 0.06).

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1988

Gallium scintigraphy in small cell lung cancer.

We have undertaken gallium imaging studies in 49 patients with histologically proven small cell lung cancer. Tracer uptake in the primary tumour was seen in 98% of cases. Twenty five patients underwent repeat scanning after induction chemotherapy and a correlation was demonstrated between conventional parameters of response and gallium scan changes (P less than 0.01). There was no correlation between initial gallium activity and subsequent chemoresponse (which was evaluated in 32 patients) or survival (measured in 42 patients). Ten patients who had shown a complete response to induction treatment were followed up with gallium scans repeated at three monthly intervals. Such longitudinal studies were particularly helpful in excluding tumour activity when the appearance of the chest radiographs were difficult to interpret.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Acute myocarditis in Lyme's syndrome. Value of myocardial scintigraphy with gallium 67].

The authors report the case of a 35 year old man with no known previous cardiac disease. One month after a tic bite causing diffuse abdominal erythema, he was admitted to hospital with fever, breathlessness and bradycardia. The electrocardiogramme showed first degree atrioventricular block with a sinoatrial block (SA = 200 ms, AH = 240 ms). Echocardiography eliminated the diagnosis of pericardial effusion. Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy was pathological and showed irregular global uptake suggesting cardiomyopathy. Gallium 67 scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the left ventricle. The evolution was uncomplicated with normalisation of clinical, ECG and radiological changes. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography eliminated ischaemic and primary cardiomyopathy. Control radionuclide investigations were normal at one month: there was no persistent abnormal Gallium uptake. The diagnosis of Lyme's syndrome was confirmed by positive serology with successive titres of 1/1024 and 1/2048 (significant at titres over 1/256). This unusual case illustrates: the risk of myocardial disease in Lyme's syndrome; the diagnostic value of Gallium 67 scintigraphy in acute myocarditis: Gallium seems to fix specifically on inflamed tissues, so distinguishing myocarditis from primary cardiomyopathies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

The influence of various factors on the accuracy of gallium-67 imaging for occult infection.

To examine whether the results and interpretation of gallium-67 citrate imaging may be adversely influenced by factors present in compromised patients, we reviewed our 1-year experience in 69 patients in intensive care units, renal transplants, and those on hemodialysis. Our results indicate that it is an inappropriate diagnostic procedure for acute pancreatitis since seven of nine had false-negative results. Using loglinear modeling and chi-square analysis we found that treatment with antiinflammatory steroids, severe liver disease, end-stage renal disease, and renal transplantation with immunosuppressive therapy did not interfere with gallium-67 uptake. Increased rate of true-negative results in patients with end-stage renal disease was due to a greater and earlier use of the test in the febrile transplant patient and in hemodialysis patients with infections not amenable to diagnosis with gallium-67 scan (transient bacteremia and bacteriuria). We conclude that gallium-67 imaging is a useful diagnostic tool that, with the exception of acute pancreatitis, has very few false-negative results.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gallium chloride oral administration on transplanted C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma: Ga, Mg, Ca and Fe concentration and anatomopathological characteristics.

To determine the influence of the length of the treatment on the anatomopathological and biochemical intratumor changes induced by gallium, we treated C3H BA mammary adenocarcinoma-bearing C3H/HeJ mice with gallium chloride daily, for a period of either 21 or 42 days. In both cases the same dose of 200 mg/kg/24h was administered. An increase of collagen fibrosis in treated tumors as opposed to controls was only noted after 42 days, as well as a significant decrease of the intratumor magnesium and calcium concentrations that could be responsible for a reduction in the metabolic activities of the malignant cells. Remarkable intratumor gallium concentrations (38.4 +/- 30.3 nmol/g after 21 days of treatment; 13.4 +/- 7.3 nmol/g after 42 days where the necrosis is much more important) are obtained after this oral administration. There is no renal toxicity and a higher tumor/kidney concentration ratio is obtained than after acute parenteral administration. The effect of gallium may be different according to the mode of administration: it may be more cytotoxic after parenteral administration, while after oral administration it may act as a better metabolic regulator with a more selective tumor uptake and fewer side effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Gallium-67-citrate scanning in tuberculous peritonitis.

A 32-year old black, alcoholic male was noted to have an abnormal Gallium-67-citrate scan during a work-up for persistent fever. Surgical biopsies revealed findings of the dry form of tuberculosis peritonitis. The literature concerning Gallium-67-citrate scanning was reviewed and its usefulness in inflammatory disease states (including two reports of positive scans in tuberculous peritonitis) was demonstrated. In addition, we have considered the possible mechanisms of Gallium-67-citrate uptake by inflammatory cells and its probable relationship to the granulomas associated with tuberculous peritonitis. We conclude that Gallium-67-citrate scanning is an important diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of a fever of unknown origin. Moreover, it may significantly shorten the diagnostic work-up of those cases of tuberculous peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Studies on gallium accumulation in inflammatory lesions: II. Uptake by Staphylococcus aureus: concise communication.

Gallium-67 was demonstrated to be taken up in significant amounts by a number of common micro-organisms. The mechanism of gallium-67 uptake was studied in S. aureus. It is found to involve two separate processes. One is insensitive to temperature or metabolic inhibitors, and is not inhibited by a high concentration of nonradioactive gallium. This process probably operates through nonspecific binding of Ga-67 to components of S. aureus. The second process is not inhibited by metabolic inhibitors either, but it is temperature-sensitive and is inhibited by high concentrations of stable gallium. This component of the Ga-67 uptake is most likely due to a carrier-mediated transport system (facilitated transfer).

Antimetabolites↗
PubMed1984

The clinical value of bone and gallium scintigraphy for soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

In a prospective study of forty-five patients, we evaluated the usefulness of bone and gallium scintigraphy prior to definitive surgery for a soft-tissue sarcoma in an extremity. Bone scintigraphy provides a baseline for staging and often reveals periosteal invasion that is not detected by routine radiographs. Blood-pool scintigraphy with bone tracers is very sensitive for a diagnosis of malignant disease. Gallium scintigraphy appeared to be a reliable preoperative indicator of malignant disease of soft tissue (sensitivity, 85 per cent; specificity, 92 per cent) and was useful for detecting the infrequent occult, non-pulmonary metastasis. Combined gallium and bone scintigraphy with blood-pool imaging provided a reliable prediction of the presence or absence of a malignant lesion in patients with a soft-tissue mass in an extremity. We recommend that bone and gallium scintigraphy be routinely used in the initial clinical staging of soft-tissue sarcomas.

Adolescent↗