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PubMed2004

Acute sheep poisoning from a copper sulfate footbath.

An outbreak of footrot occurred in a flock of Corriedale sheep; 27 animals were treated with antibiotic and footbathed in a 5% copper sulfate solution. Being deprived of water for > 17 h, many sheep drank the footbath solution. After 6 h 16 sheep became ill with acute copper poisoning, 10 animals died within 10 h; 6 were severely ill and were sent to Veterinary Hospital, and 4 had mild signs and recovered without treatment. The sick sheep had anorexia, dullness, grinding teeth, moaning, rumen atony, dehydration, dark blue-green diarrheic feces and congested membranes. They were treated with 3.4 mg tetrathiomolybdate/kg body weight and lactated Ringer's solution iv, oral molybdate, sulfate, kaolin and pectin, and drenched with antacids. Two of the 6 sheep died during hospitalization. The ingestion of copper solution caused an intense gastrointestinal injury that resulted in ulcers, petechial and echymotic hemorrhages in the mucosa, mild hemolysis detected by microscopic hemoglobinuria and a lowered packed cell volume, severe hepatic injury that raised the AST and gammaGT blood values, and moderate kidney lesions with increasing serum blood urea and nitrogen creatinine levels.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Recent footrot outbreak in Debrezeit swine farm, central Ethiopia.

An outbreak of footrot has occurred in Debrezeit swine farm that is located 44 km south east of the capital. Among 24 pigs, 75% showed lameness, hot, painful and swollen feet, hemorrhagic bruising of the coronary band, heel erosion, sole ulcers and separation of skin from hoof on hind limbs. Bacteriological examination of the specimen from the affected limbs has shown the involvement of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Dichelobacter nodosus. The overt clinical lameness and inability to stand or mount can cause reduced reproductive performance. This preliminary finding thus warrants further epidemiological investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Temporal relationships and characterisation of extracellular proteases from benign and virulent strains of Bacteroides nodosus as detected in zymogram gels.

Extracellular proteases produced by Bacteroides nodosus in a peptone rich modified trypticase-arginine-serine broth medium were separated and characterised by relative mobility (Rf) in electrophoretic zymogram gels. One benign and two virulent protease banding patterns were established with isolates from sheep, cattle and goats. They correlated with other laboratory tests for virulence but were independent of serogroup. The electrophoretic zymogram method was unable to differentiate intermediate from virulent strains. The time required for the production of maximum levels and numbers of protease bands was four to five days for benign and five to six days for virulent B nodosus. Elevated temperatures (above 45 degrees C) and pH extremes (below pH 6 and above pH 9) modified the electrophoretic banding patterns. The molecular weights of the proteases ranged from 8000 to 43,000 daltons and the isoelectric points from pH 4.90 to 5.90. They are serine proteases and this property can be utilised in affinity purification of these molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Identification of common antigens in ribosome-rich extracts from Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Ribosome-rich extracts (RRE) were prepared by differential and ultracentrifugation from 25 bovine and 6 ovine isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum (FN) including both biotypes A and B. A pooled rabbit antiserum was prepared against whole-cell and sonicated whole-cell bacterins of F necrophorum isolate FN 3080, and a 2nd pooled rabbit antiserum was prepared against a RRE of FN 3080. The RRE of the 25 bovine isolates were tested against the FN 3080 whole-cell antiserum, using Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion procedures. One to 3 precipitin lines were observed with the 25 isolates. The individual bovine isolates were found to have lines of identity with 5 to 21 of the other 24 isolates. The 25 bovine isolates and the 6 ovine isolates were then compared, using the FN 3080 RRE antiserum. One to 3 precipitin lines were observed for the 31 isolates with the RRE antiserum, and lines of identity were observed between all 31 of the isolates. These results indicated that common antigens are present in the RRE from a wide variety of F necrophorum isolates including both A and B biotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The role of elastase in the differentiation of Bacteroides nodosus infections in sheep and cattle.

Eighty-seven Bacteroides nodosus isolates were examined for elastase production by clearing of elastin particles in TAS agar medium. These included 54 ovine virulent isolates, 28 ovine benign isolates and five bovine isolates. In addition 22 ovine virulent, 16 ovine benign and two bovine isolates were examined for decline in proteolytic activity over a 13-day period in the degrading proteinase test using hide power-azure as substrate. There was a remarkable correlation between elastase production, relative stability of proteolytic activity in the hide powder-azure test and virulence of B nodosus. Ovine virulent isolates invariably produced elastase whereas ovine benign isolates and bovine isolates were elastase negative. Bovine isolates produced only mild lesions in the feet of challenged sheep.

Animals↗