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PubMed1958

Reiter protein complement fixation test; a preliminary comparison of the TPI test with the complement fixation test employing a soluble protein antigen derived from the Reiter strain.

A comparative study of the specificity of the Reiter protein complement fixation (RPCF) test and the Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) test on 180 sera showed that the results in 178 instances or 98.9 per cent were in agreement. The sensitivity of the RPCF test, when compared to the TPI test, on 189 sera from patients known to have syphilis was in agreement in 182 or 96.3 per cent, assuming a correlation exists between positive TPI and both the "reactive" or "weakly reactive" RPCF test results. As to reproducibility of results, the RPCF test results agreed in 84 of the 87 sera tested (95.4 per cent). The sera were tested at least three times on different days. Anticomplementary reactions were observed in three of 91 normal sera.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1992

[An unusual example of primary weight bearing stability of a limb fracture of the oryx antelope after external fixation with the original Ilisarov fixator].

This paper reports the stabilization of an open comminuted fracture of the metatarsus of a rare white Arabian oryx using an original Ilisarov-fixator. The antelope (weighing 75 kg!) walked with its full weight on the stabilized leg immediately after operative treatment, thus demonstrating the high degree of stability of such a system. In our opinion, the Ilisarow technique is, in selected cases, an adequate method for stabilizing highly unstable open fractures in veterinary practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

External skeletal fixation versus cement fixation in the treatment of redislocated Colles' fracture.

In a prospective investigation in 1984 and 1985, all Colles' fractures (not comminuted or intraarticular) that redisplaced after two closed reductions were allocated at random to one of two groups: Group I (n = 23), in which the dorsal bone deficiency was filled with bone cement (methylmethacrylate), and Group II (n = 25), in which the fracture was treated with external fixation. All were followed for one year and examined with respect to anatomy of the fracture, wrist movement, strength, appearance, pain, function, and complications. Roentgenograms, 12 months after treatment, showed that all fractures had healed and that the cement was enveloped in cortical bone. The final results were equal in the two groups, but Group I improved earlier and had no complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Intramedullary fixation of unstable distal radius fractures. A method of fixation allowing early motion.

During a four-year period, we have treated unstable fractures of the distal radius with closed anatomic reduction and insertion of a Rush intramedullary rod through a small dorsoradial wrist incision, followed by early controlled range of motion. In an attempt to reduce the stiffness commonly seen in the fingers, wrist, and elbow, a simple method of more stable fixation and early motion was instituted. Patient assessment using common anatomic and functional classification systems revealed good to excellent results in 35 of 36 patients (98%). Only three patients had complications, and these were all minor in nature. Three rods were removed, all because of prominence and irritation of the tip of the rod over the radial styloid. The procedure is technically reproducible, and has a very high rate of patient acceptance and satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Electrochemical fixation techniques. II. Electrochemical dog body fixation. Histological study.

This is the first attempt to harden all organs of a body together without excising them. This process was accomplished in bottom-belted, gastrointestinal (GI) or intravenously (i.v.) catheterized dog cadavers so as to influx an electrolytic solution containing formaldehyde (ESF). The i.v. influx of ESF was found to be the best perfusion pathway. After 48 h of immersion in ESF, 24 h current time of 17.5 A of current intensity, 24 degrees to 56 degrees C, we ended up with thoroughly fixed dog cadavers that were wrapped with ethyl alcohol:glycerol gauzes and stored in plastic bags at room temperature. Optical microscopy of every sliced tissue showed normal blood vessels, neurons, glial and Purkinje cells and their nuclei of brain and cerebellum, respectively. Cardiac muscle fibers were of normal appearance. Kidney Bowman's capsule and space were found to be normal except for vacuolarly degenerated tubules. Small intestine showed normal epithelial cells and crypts of Lieberkühn. In liver, sinusoids were normally arrayed but showed vacuolar cell degeneration. Herein a method to attain an electrochemical whole body fixation is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Electrochemical fixation techniques. I. Electrochemical fixation of human brain.

An electrochemical brain fixation procedure (EBFP) to treat brains excised from human cadavers is described thoroughly. It is as precise as any other similar method currently available. However, it takes only as much as 36 h to completion instead of the much longer lapses required by immersion in formaldehyde. Actions were taken to secure that it is not a source of artifacts of any kind, neither neurons nor glia or blood vessels. It is, therefore, amenable to be used as a valuable research and teaching tool. Other advantages are that it does not pose any health hazard, is money- and time-saving, and cuts down on equipment and facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An autoradiographic study of the in-vivo incorporation of [3H]-palmitic acid into the dentine and enamel lipids of rat incisors, with a comparison of rapid-freezing freeze-substitution fixation and aldehyde fixation.

Four and twenty-four hours after injection of the labelled precursor, there were twice as many silver grains scored with the cryotechniques as with conventional fixation. Absence of labelled-band formation in dentine, the diffusion of silver throughout the entire thickness of dentine as well as the layer of forming enamel. This suggests that lipids are membrane-associated components rather than true matrix-associated components.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1978

The effect of limited fragmentation of porcine 19 S IgM on agglutination and complement fixation. Evidence that at least two intact subunits are required for complement fixation by IgM antibody.antigen complexes.

Limited fragmentation of pig IgM anti-Salmonella with pepsin gave a 12 S product which agglutinated Salmonella almost as efficiently as the original IgM but the complement fixing ability of the complexes was substantially lowered. The 12 S product was shown to consist of molecular entities having intact Fc regions with an average of 3 or 4 intact Fab arms still attached. Our results appeared to show that removal of Fab arms by pepsin was a random process and on this basis a mathematical model was set up. From this model it was possible to calculate the frequencies of molecular entities which would give rise to the observed average of 3 or 4 Fab arms. The most likely explanation of our results is that complexes need to be formed by molecules having at least two intact subunits before efficient complement fixation takes place.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Self-reinforced biodegradable screw fixation compared with titanium screw fixation in mandibular advancement.

PURPOSE: This report compares the skeletal stability and treatment outcomes of 2 similar cohorts undergoing bilateral sagittal osteotomies of the mandible for advancement. The study groups included patients stabilized with 2-mm self-reinforced polylactate (PLLDL 70/30), biodegradable screws (group B), and 2-mm titanium screws placed in a positional fashion (group T). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients underwent bilateral sagittal osteotomies of the mandibular ramus for advancement utilizing an identical technique. There were 34 patients in group B and 35 patients in group T. Each patient had preoperative, immediate postoperative, splint out, and 1-year postoperative cephalometric radiographs available for analysis. The method of analysis and treatment outcomes parameters are identical to those previously used. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed with means of fixation as the between-subject factor and time as the within subject factor. The level of significance was set at .01. RESULTS: There were no clinical failures in group T and a single failure in group B. The average difference in stability between the groups is small and subtly different at the mandibular angle. The data documented similarity of the postsurgical changes in the 2 groups with the only statistically significant difference being the vertical position of the gonion (P < .001) and the mandibular plane angle (P < .01) with greater upward remodeling at gonion in group T. CONCLUSIONS: Two-mm self-reinforced PLLDL (70/30) screws can be used as effectively as 2-mm titanium screws to stabilize the mandible after bilateral sagittal osteotomies for mandibular advancement. The difference in 1-year stability and outcome is minimal.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

All-polyethylene vs. metal-backed tibial component in total knee arthroplasty-a randomized RSA study comparing early fixation of horizontally and completely cemented tibial components: part 1. Horizontally cemented components: AP better fixated than MB.

BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists as to whether to mount the tibial bearing on a metal baseplate or not. Furthermore, the tibial component can be either horizontally or completely cemented. We evaluated metal backing versus all-polyethylene using horizontal cementing technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We randomized 40 patients with knee arthrosis (40 knees) to 2 groups: cemented total knee arthroplasty (AGC, Biomet) using either all-polyethylene (AP) or metal-backed (MB) tibial components (n = 20 for each group). All tibial implants had a total thickness of 8 mm. We used proximal cement-ing, including only the horizontal part of the tibia with avoidance of the stem-bone interface. RESULTS: The positioning of the implants, as judged by the HKA angle, showed an average neutral alignment in both groups. Preoperatively and after 2 years, there was no statistically significant difference between the HSS scores in both groups (p = 0.6 and 0.4). After 2 years, the metal-backed components had rotated more around the longitudinal axis, median 0.5 degrees vs. 0.2 degrees (internal or external rotation, p = 0.002), and showed increased maximum total point motion, median 1.0 vs. 0.4 mm (maximum migration or MTPM, p = 0.003). INTERPRETATION: Our study indicates that better fixation can be obtained with the all-polyethylene design if proximally cemented thin components are used.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of fixation disparity measurements obtained with the Wesson Fixation Disparity Card and the Sheedy Disparometer.

We compared the fixation disparity measurements obtained with the Disparometer to those of the Wesson Card. Previous studies suggest that the measurements obtained by these two instruments gave different results. The results of previous studies were based on the analysis of pooled data, which may have led to spurious results. Analysis of our data done in this manner (pooled data) revealed the same findings. However, after analysis of the data based on the separation of subjects according to phoria (exophoria/esophoria), no statistically significant difference was found between the measurements obtained with the Wesson Card and those with the Disparometer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fixation system for cervical spinal operation: application of the head fixation system and multipurpose cervical frame.

We have designed a multipurpose cervical frame to use with our operative head fixation system and have used it in 60 cervical spinal operations including anterior, posterior, lateral, and transoral approaches, with satisfactory results. We emphasize the following advantages of this system: (a) Both stability and an exact position of the cervical spine can be maintained during operation. (b) Positioning of patients for operation, including those with a halo vest, is efficiently carried out with safety and ease. (c) Our newly designed cervical frame enables exact and refined intraoperative retraction with various kinds of retractors. (d) When microsurgery is performed, the surgeon can sit at the patient's head in an operating chair.

Head↗
PubMed2001

Comparison between posterolateral fusion with pedicle screw fixation and anterior interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation in adult spondylolytic spondylolisthesis.

There have been many reports regarding various operative methods for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. However, there have been no reports regarding the comparison between posterolateral fusion (PLF) with pedicle screw fixation (PSF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with PSF. The purpose of the current study was to compare the clinical outcomes of PLF with PSF and ALIF with PSF, and to help in the selection of treatment options. Fifty-six patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis who underwent PLF with PSF (group 1, 35 patients) or who underwent ALIF with PSF (group 2, 21 patients) were studied. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Demographic variables and disease state were similar for the two groups. We studied operating time, amount of blood loss, duration of hospital stay, clinical outcomes, complications, time at which fusion was complete, fusion rate, and radiological measurements. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the amount of blood loss, duration of hospital stay, back pain, radiating pain, fusion rate, or complication rate. However, in group 2, the operation time and the time at which fusion became complete was longer, and in group 1 there was significant radiological reduction loss. In conclusion, PLF with PSF was just as effective as ALIF with PSF in terms of clinical outcomes, but ALIF with PSF was superior to PLF with PSF in terms of the prevention of reduction loss. Anterior support would be helpful for preventing reduction loss in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cementless acetabular fixation at fifteen years. A comparison with the same surgeon's results following acetabular fixation with cement.

BACKGROUND: Loosening of the acetabular component is the major long-term problem associated with total hip arthroplasty with cement. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the minimum thirteen-year results associated with cementless acetabular components that had been inserted by a single surgeon and to compare them with the results associated with cemented acetabular components that had been inserted by the same surgeon. METHODS: One hundred and twenty consecutive, nonselected primary total hip replacements were performed in 108 patients with use of a Harris-Galante-I cementless acetabular component and a cemented femoral component with a 28-mm head. The patients were evaluated clinically with use of a standard terminology questionnaire, and they were evaluated radiographically for loosening, component migration, wear, and osteolysis. The rates of revision for aseptic loosening and radiographic evidence of loosening for this cohort were compared with the rates for four previously reviewed consecutive series of hips in which the acetabular component had been inserted with cement. All patients were managed by the same surgeon, were followed for thirteen to fifteen years, and were evaluated with use of the same two criteria (revision and loosening) as the end points for Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients (seventy-two hips) were living and forty-two patients (forty-eight hips) had died after thirteen to fifteen years of follow-up. No acetabular component had been revised because of aseptic loosening, and no acetabular component had migrated. With revision of the acetabular component for any reason as the end point, the survival rate was 81% +/- 8% at fifteen years. With revision of the acetabular component for clinical failure (osteolysis, wear, loosening, or dislocation) as the end point, the survival rate was 94% +/- 8% at fifteen years. Among the seventy hips with at least thirteen years of radiographic follow-up, five had pelvic osteolysis and three had had revision of a well-fixed acetabular component because of pelvic osteolysis secondary to polyethylene wear. The mean linear wear rate was 0.15 mm/yr (0.12 mm/yr when one outlier was excluded). CONCLUSIONS: In terms of fixation, Harris-Galante-I cementless acetabular components performed better than did cemented 22-mm-inner-diameter Charnley acetabular components as well as 28-mm-inner-diameter all-polyethylene and metal-backed acetabular components that had been inserted by the same surgeon. However, the rate of wear was greater in association with the Harris-Galante-I cementless components than it was in association with the Charnley cemented all-polyethylene components.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1997

[Fixation of the prolapsed vagina to the sacrospinous ligament after hysterectomy--the Amreich II-Richter vaginal fixation operation].

Preliminary experience with vaginal vault prolapse treatment with sacrospinous fixation (Amreich II-Richter) is described. Anatomical considerations having taking into account the method used by author are presented. From 1986 at the 1st Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 38 patients (20 of them after abdominal, 18 after vaginal hysterectomy) with this rare condition were treated by the discussed operation. Similar to other authors a high success rate, 97.4%, was achieved and no major bleeding or injury of adjacent nerves occurred. One injury of the bladder, one of the rectum was solved during the operation and an infection of supravaginal haematoma was treated. This operation provides excellent results and a good vaginal support.

Adult↗