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PubMed2005

Harmful postures and musculoskeletal symptoms among fish trimmers of a fish processing factory in ghana: a preliminary investigation.

This study investigated musculoskeletal symptoms among fish trimmers (skinners and polishers) in a fish processing factory in Ghana. The methods used included administration of questionnaire, walk through observation, interview, task analysis and future workshop. All 50 female participants answered and submitted their questionnaires. Of the 11 operations performed by skinners only 1 was rated as low risk. Also of the 12 operations performed by polishers only 2 were rated as low risk. Neck side bending, neck flexion, prolonged standing, shoulder elevation, abducted arms, repetitious reaching forward and wrist deviation were observed in most operations. This corresponds with questionnaire results in which musculoskeletal symptoms were mostly prevalent in the neck, the shoulder, the low back, the wrist/hand and the knee regions. There was no significant correlation (p < .05) between musculoskeletal symptoms and age, working hours and length of service. Task redesign, workplace changes and worker training were suggested to improve the work.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of three hairy cell leukemia- derived cell lines (ESKOL, JOK-1, and hair-M) by multiplex-FISH, comparative genomic hybridization, FISH, PRINS, and dideoxyPRINS.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic B-lymphocyte leukemia. Due to the proliferative inertia of the malignant cells, HCL-derived cell lines are an important tool for studies on this disease. We have elaborated the karyotypes of three HCL-derived cell lines, ESKOL, JOK-1, and Hair-M, by combining a range of molecular cytogenetic techniques, including multiplex (multicolor) fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), conventional FISH, primed in situ labeling (PRINS), and dideoxyPRINS. We found ESKOL to be monoclonal with a single chromosome aberration, der(7)t(3;7)(q26.3;q31). JOK-1 also appeared to be monoclonal, having the karyotype 48,XY,der(4) t(1;4)(1pter-->p32::4qter-->pter), der(6)(6qter-->p22::q12--> qter), +der(7)t(7;11)(7pter-->q21::11p15-->pter),der(8)t(5;8;12) (5pter-->p14::12p11.2-->p12::8q12-->q21::8?cen-->-->24 .?2), der(14)t(8;14)(8qter-->q24.?2::14q32.3-->pter),+20. These karyotypes differ from the original descriptions of ESKOL and JOK-1. The Hair-M cells analyzed by us were found to be peritetraploid with numerous chromosomal rearrangements. The cell line was also found to be multiclonal. On this basis, we do not regard the Hair-M cell line to be suitable for HCL studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Detection of chromosome aberrations by FISH as a function of cell division cycle (harlequin-FISH).

Chromosome aberrations are a sensitive indicator of genetic change, and the measurement of chromosome aberration frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes is often used as a biological dosimeter of exposure (1,4). The length of time that cells are maintained in culture before cytogenetic analysis is probably the most important in vitro factor that influences both the frequency and types of aberrations that are seen following exposure to mutagens. Therefore, for accurate cytogenetic measurements of genetic damage, cells must be analyzed in their first mitosis following exposure. As cells progress through subsequent mitotic division cycles, cells with unstable types of aberrations, e.g., dicentrics and acentric fragments, are eliminated (1,3,4). Even the use of synchronized populations of cells does not guarantee that all cells analyzed will be in their first division following treatment. Small variations in growth rate after irradiation can lead to large variations in the proportion of cells that are in their first vs. a subsequent mitosis. For example, 48 h after G0 lymphocytes are stimulated to enter the cell cycle (the standard sampling time for cytogenetic analysis), up to 50% of the cells in mitosis can be in their second division cycle (10). While there are methods available to distinguish cells in different division cycles (see Introduction), they are not easily adapted for use with standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures. The goal of this study was to develop a simple approach to detect aberrations by FISH whereby cells in different division cycles could be distinguished.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fish transgene expression by direct injection into fish muscle.

The ability of a promoter sequence to drive expression of a reporter gene can be determined by direct injection of copies of the cloned sequence into fish muscle, followed by biopsy of muscle from the site of injection. We describe a set of experiments in which copies of the constructs FV1 and FV2, both comprising a carp beta-actin promoter sequence spliced to the bacterial reporter gene CAT, were injected into the muscle of tilapia fish )Oreochromis niloticus) of between 5 and 8 cm body length. The site of injection was carefully determined so that biopsy samples could be recovered from the injection site 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days after injection. Biopsy samples of muscle were homogenized and used for CAT assays. CAT activity was successfully detected in many of the muscle samples.

Actins↗
PubMed2005

Co-occurrence patterns of some small-bodied freshwater fishes in southwestern France: implications for fish conservation and environmental management.

We assessed the influence of environmental variables (elevation, stream order, distance from source, catchment area, slope, stream width, and fish species richness) on the co-occurrence patterns of the minnow, the stone loach, and the gudgeon at the stream system scale. A total of 474 sites were classified according to the seven variables using the Self-Organizing Map (neural network), and three clusters were detected (k-means algorithm). The frequency of the various fish co-occurrence patterns was calculated for each cluster, and general linear modeling was used to specify the conditions that predict the occurrence of each species. Piedmont streams were more likely to support coexisting gudgeon and minnow populations because of higher probabilities of occurrence for both species. The higher co-occurrence frequency for the three species together in headwater streams resulted from lower occurrence frequencies in gudgeon and minnow. Focusing on areas that favor the co-occurrence of species may enhance the effectiveness of conservation projects.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A study on fatty acid composition of fish oil from two marine fish, Eusphyra blochii and Carcharhinus bleekeri.

Two species of marine fish found in coastal waters of Karachi (Pakistan) were studied, Eusphyra blochii (Hammer-headed Shark) and Carcharhinus bleekeri (Shark) for their fatty acid composition. The isolation, identification and characterization of these fatty acids were carried out by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and a combination of TLC-GLC technique. A large variation was observed between hammer-headed shark liver oil and shark liver oil. Twenty five individual fatty acids from the oil of marine fish were analyzed among those the palmitic acid was a major saturated fatty acid while stearic acid was the other major constituent. Among unsaturated fatty acids monoenoic e.g. oleic and palmitoleic acids were the major constituents and traces of dienoic and trienoic fatty acids were also found. In addition medicinally important polyunsaturated fatty, acid eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were also identified.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fishes. I. Distribution of superoxide dismutase, peroxide-decomposing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in herbivorous fishes.

The activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were comparatively studied in organ homogenates from two herbivorous fishes, viz., the grass carp and the silver carp. 2. The protein contents and lipid peroxidation of organ homogenates were also compared. The comparative measurements primarily provide control values for subsequent toxicological examinations. 3. The highest total superoxide dismutase activities were found in the kidney, spleen and liver in the grass carp, and in the kidney and liver in the silver carp. 4. The antioxidant enzyme activities and other parameters of the organ homogenates appear to be independent of the feeding mode, but are rather characteristic of the fish variety.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Occupational accidents in the fishing industry. A survey of fishing-related accidents treated at the Bornholm Central Hospital in Rønne as well as in general practice 1987-1990].

Over a two year period from 1987-1989 all fishing-related injuries treated in the Emergency Room at Bornholm's central hospital in Rønne and at some general practices were registered prospectively. One hundred injuries were registered altogether. Accidents occurring in connection with putting out and recovering apparatus constituted respectively 14% and 36%. Working with the trawler scoop was responsible for 18% of the accidents and was the most common direct cause, followed by work with winches which constituted 11%. Falls made up almost a quarter of the accidents. Finger injuries constituted 33%, and hand and wrist injuries 17%. Trawler scoop injuries most commonly involved the fingers and hands and fish-cleaning injuries the hands, wrists and fingers. Prophylactic efforts concerning safety in work with trawler scoops, winches and steering systems should be made.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

Incidence and significance of Listeria in fish and fish products from Latin America.

The incidence and importance of Listeria spp. in fish and fishery products in Latin American countries is reviewed. There are very few papers dealing with this subject, however it is known that Listeria can be an important problem even for fisheries of tropical countries. The importance of GMP and HACCP implementation is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tropical fish medicine. Fish chemotherapeutics.

The author considers the pros and cons of various routes of delivery of medication in fish as well as the drugs and doses used for treatment of bacterial infections and various parasitic infections. Also discussed are emergency and metabolic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tropical fish medicine. Necropsy examination of fish.

Necropsy examination of moribund or dead specimens is an essential step in diagnosing fish diseases. This article discusses basic anatomy and necropsy procedures. A large part of the article has been devoted to methods of procuring samples for laboratory analysis and histologic examination. To determine which findings are responsible for the mortalities, the entire case history and gross necropsy findings must be reviewed. Careful observations made during the necropsy examination provide valuable information immediately, as well as later on in the interpretation of laboratory data.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Monogenea of Chinese marine fishes. X. A new species and two new records of the Axinidae from fishes of the South China Sea.

This paper reports a new species and two new records of the Axinidae collected from fishes of the South China Sea. Loxuroides fungilliformis n. sp. was obtained from the gills of Hemirhamphus guoyi collected at Zhapo (21 degrees 34'N, 111 degrees 49'E). The new species is similar to L. sasikala (Unnithan, 1957) Price, 1962 in the structure of the cirrus and genital atrium, but differs from the latter in the shape and number of the spines of its genital atrium and cirrus. Both L. sasikala and Axine tripathii Price, 1962 are recorded for the first time off China.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factorial experiment to determine influence of fish protein and fish oil on serum and liver lipids in rabbits.

Rabbits were fed purified diets consisting of casein (CA), fish protein (FP), and soy protein (SP) combined with MaxEpa oil (ME) or corn oil (CN) to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid sources on serum total, lipoprotein, and hepatic lipid levels. Dietary proteins and lipids exerted significant (p < 0.05) separate effects on serum total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.005), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001), whereas only dietary proteins significantly affected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.001) and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05). Hence, FP induced serum TC (233 mg/dl), VLDL-C (22 mg/dl), and LDL-C (151 mg/dl) intermediary to hypercholesterolemic CA (TC, 319 mg/dl; VLDL-C, 57 mg/dl; LDL-C, 204 mg/dl) and cholesterol-lowering SP (TC, 129 mg/dl; VLDL-C 19 mg/dl; LDL-C, 84 mg/dl). The twofold rise in HDL-C on feeding FP (35 mg/dl), compared with CA (20 mg/dl) and SP (16 mg/dl), resulted in a drop in LDL-C/HDL-C to a level similar to that of SP groups. The cholesterol-lowering action of ME (188 mg/dl), in contrast to CN (266 mg/dl), was reflected mainly in VLDL (ME, 15 mg/dl; CN, 50 mg/dl) but also in HDL (ME, 16 mg/dl; CN, 31 mg/dl) fractions. Compared with CN, the significant (p < 0.05) ME-induced rise in serum and VLDL triglycerides was accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) drop in lipoprotein lipase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Some trematodes of freshwater fishes from North Vietnam with a list of recorded endohelminths by fish hosts.

The present paper comprises a systematic survey of trematodes collected from 12 species of freshwater fishes from North Vietnam (the Red River near Hanoi). Altogether 16 trematode species (14 adults and 2 juvenile forms) have been recorded. These include: Amurotrema dombrowskajae, Platycladorchis microacetabularis, P. macroacetabularis, Neocladorchis multilobularis, Carassotrema koreanum, Azygia hwangtsiyui, Phyllodistomum clariasi, Phyllodistomum sp., Orientocreadium batrachoides, Masenia collata, Bucephalopsis ozakii, Dollfustrema bagarii sp. n., Prosorhynchus vietnamensis sp. n., Prosorhynchus sp. juv., Metadena bagarii sp. n., and Isoparorchis hypselobagri juv. Except for the first four named species, all the trematodes are briefly described and illustrated and some problems concerning their taxonomy and geographical distribution are discussed. D. bagarii sp. n. from Bagarius bagarius (catfish) is characterized mainly by location of the mouth opening in anterior half of body, extension of the uterus anteriorly not surpassing vitellaria, number of spines (about 60) on the rhynchus, and by other features. Characteristic features of P. vietnamensis sp. n. (host B. bagarius) are the structure and shape of the rhynchus, equatorial situation of vitellaria, postequatorial distribution of gonads and mouth opening, extension of the uterus, and body measurements, whereas those of M. bagarii sp. n. (host B. bagarius) include the shape (spherical) of the ovary, extent of caeca (slightly surpassing testes) and body measurements. Carassotrema ginezinskajae Kulakova et Ha Ky, 1976 is considered a junior synonym of C. koreanum Park, 1938. Eight species have not yet been reported from Vietnam. The findings include several new host records.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A comparative neuroanatomic study of retinal projections in two fishes: Astyanax hubbsi (the blind cave fish), and Astyanax mexicanus.

Retinofugal projections in the blind cave fish A. hubbsi and in the highly visual A. mexicanus were studied with both reduced silver and autoradiographic methods. Contrary to what has been reported for other teleosts, ipsilateral, as well as the generally accepted contralateral, projections were found in A. mexicanus. Bilateral retinofugal projections were traced to the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus and area pretectalis. Contralateral projections were traced to the lateral geniculate nucleus, nucleus pretectalis, accessory optic nucleus, nucleus corticalis, nucleus opticus hypothalamicus and the superficial layers of the optic tectum (strata opticum, fibrosum and griseum superficiale, and the cellular zone of griseum centrale). Retinal efferents in the blindfish, A. hubbsi, are sparse and totally crossed. Areas receiving a retinal projection include nucleus opticus hypothalamicus, lateral geniculate and the superficial layers of the medial third of the optic tectum. Preliminary behavioral studies are described and discussed in relation to the possible visual potential of this teleost.

Animals↗