SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EXIT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

The Bub2p spindle checkpoint links nuclear migration with mitotic exit.

Bfa1p and Bub2p are spindle checkpoint proteins that likely have GTPase activation activity and are associated with the budding yeast spindle pole body (SPB). Here, we show that Bfa1p and Bub2p bind the Ras-like GTPase Tem1p, a component of the mitotic exit network, to the cytoplasmic face of the SPB that enters the bud, whereas the GDP/GTP exchange factor Lte1p is associated with the cortex of the bud. Migration of the SPB into the bud probably allows activation of Tem1p through Lte1p, thereby linking nuclear migration with mitotic exit. Since components of the Bub2p checkpoint are conserved in other organisms, we propose that the position of the SPB or mammalian centrosome controls the timing of mitotic exit.

Cell Cycle↗

PubMed1999

Healthcare transition managers make market exits easier for insurers.

Insurers have been struggling to meet and maintain their profit margins on the health insurance business they underwrite. As a result, many have exited or are contemplating exiting from the health insurance market. At the same time, managed care organizations are seeking ways to augment their enrollment base and satisfy investor expectations. Insurers that wish to transfer their health insurance business to other carriers and managed care organizations that are interested in accepting this business have turned to a new type of healthcare financing company--the healthcare transition manager--to facilitate the transaction. Part broker, part matchmaker, and part administrative coordinator, these companies make it possible for commercial insurers to exit the health insurance market without undue hardship to enrollees or the managed care plans that assume risk for their care.

Consultants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Suicide with exit bags: circumstances and special problem situations in assisted suicide].

So-called exit bags are voluminous, transparent plastic bags, each with a collar to go round the neck, and a Velcro fastening. In conjunction with the consumption of sleeping pills, the bags are recommended as an aid to commit suicide by organizations in favour of "humane death". It is reported on four such suicides by elderly people between 79 and 87 years of age. In two of these cases, there was assistance in committing suicide, one corresponding to a suicide protocol from the Swiss organization for euthanasia, EXIT. In two cases, detailed instructions for committing suicide were found. The morphological findings were not very specific in any of the cases. If the plastic bags are removed by a third party, this type of suicide may remain undetected even after performance of an autopsy. Exit bags tend to be used by older people with either real or feared life-threatening illnesses, in suicides which have usually been planned for some time. From the criminological point of view, the possible active participation of other persons in pulling the covering over the head can often not be proved. Assisting a suicide, in the sense of giving instructions on how to accomplish it, is not punishable in German law.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Involvement of protein kinase C in the regulation of Ca2+ exit from intracellular stores of prolactin stimulated pig oocytes].

Involvement of protein kinase C in the regulation of Ca2+ exit from intracellular stores of pig oocytes activated by prolactin was investigated, using the fluorescent dye chlortetracycline. In the presence of extracellular calcium, the inhibitor of protein kinase C Ro 31-8220 increased calcium exit from intracellular stores in pig oocytes after prolactin treatment. In calcium-free medium, Ro 31-8220 exerted effect on calcium release from intracellular stores. In calcium-free medium, prolactin did not stimulate calcium release from intracellular stores of oocytes in the presence of thimerosal, while in the presence of protein kinase C inhibitor, prolactin increased Ca2+ content from intracellular stores in such oocytes. These data suggest a direct involvement of protein kinase C in the processes of regulation of Ca2+ exit from intracellular stores of pig oocytes stimulated by prolactin.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Use of a novel abdominal wrap for protection of indwelling catheter exit sites in sheep.

Implantation of indwelling catheters in sheep presents numerous problems, including exit-site inflammation and infection and lacerated catheters from chewing. In order to address these issues, we designed a new abdominal wrap for a chronic drug study. These wraps provided protection of the catheters and exit sites, with no chewed catheters or visible signs of exit-site inflammation or infection for up to 22 weeks postoperatively.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Toxic shock syndrome in two CAPD patients with Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infection.

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an illness defined by the occurrence of fever, rash, hypotension, multiple organ system dysfunction, and desquamation. Nonmenstrual TSS is often associated with surgical or nonsurgical cutaneous infections, which are rarely purulent or inflamed (Reingold AL, et al. Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome: a review of 130 cases. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96:871-4). Toxic shock syndrome associated with peritoneal exit-site infection but without peritonitis is extremely unusual (Sherbotie JR, et al. Toxic shock syndrome with Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infection in a patient on peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1990; 15:80-3). We describe 2 patients that met the Centers for Disease Control case definition of TSS secondary to a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site infection with signs of mild inflammation and growth of Staphylococcus aureus, but with no evidence of peritonitis.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

New findings from the 2002 Minnesota Resident Physician Exit Survey.

The 2002 Minnesota Resident Physician Exit Survey was administered to 698 residents and fellows scheduled to complete training programs in Minnesota during 2002. The Resident Physician survey is 1 of 6 exit surveys administered annually to exiting students, residents, and fellows in a variety of health care disciplines in Minnesota. Of the 698 survey recipients, 387 (55%) returned completed surveys. The results confirm the importance of geographic area of origin in the practice decisions of new physicians. Respondents who had graduated from Minnesota high schools, colleges, or medical schools were significantly more likely to remain in Minnesota to practice than were respondents who had attended secondary, postsecondary, or professional schools in other states or countries. The results also indicate that for most new physicians, educational debt load is not a major factor in practice decisions.

Career Choice↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Exit-site infection in peritoneal dialysis].

Exit-site infection remains one of the major peritoneal dialysis (PD) complications. The evolution of this infection can be secondary peritonitis and or peritoneal catheter loss. In this paper, the natural history of exit-site infection is described. In addition, the possible preventive measures are reviewed and analyzed. In particular surgical technique, perioperative protocols and the care of the exit-site are examined. Particular attention was devoted to the clinical role of staphylococcus (S.) nasal carriers and to the possible prevention of Staphylococcus Aureus infections in these patients. When infection occurs, different diagnostic tools could be appropriate, based on the amount of damage, the clinical symptoms and the medical history. Medical therapy should be selected based on international guidelines and prompt and timely intervention can be the cornerstone of successful therapy. In the case of infections resistant to local and parenteral antibiotic administration, the catheter should be removed. However, good results have been reported by removing part of the catheter and outer cuff; therefore, avoiding hemodialysis (HD) and reducing hospitalization and the need for surgery. When the peritoneal catheter requires removal, the possibility of removing and replacing the peritoneal catheter in a single operation requires consideration, to improve the quality of life and reduce the distress of the patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

[Prediction and influence factors of the ramp's noise of the entrance or exit of garages].

Some typical entrances/exits of the underground garages are chosen in urban residential areas. On the basis of the optimization of the positions of the noise sampling points and the groupings of the synchronous sampling points, by means of the acoustical analysis of the noise samples, the relation of the correlative factors, among the ramps' noise of the entrances or exits of the garages, the structure, grade, shape of the ramps, upgrade and downgrade, is studied. The prediction model of the ramp's noise influence of the entrance or exit of the garage is established through amending the noise influence of the entrance or exit of the even concrete road.

Architectural Accessibility↗

PubMed1991

Exit-site infection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a review.

Although the ability of CAPD to successfully treat end-stage renal disease is now well established, exit-site infection (ESI) remains a serious cause of morbidity. The objective of this article is to review recent advancements relating to ESI pathogenesis and its reduction. Current definitions of ESI are reviewed, as are comparative studies of etiology. Emphasis is placed on the literature identifying Staphylococcus aureus as the primary cause of ESI in CAPD. The article reviews reported rates of ESI and discusses reasons for variations of this complication's reported frequency. The selection of catheters available in CAPD are discussed, as are studies demonstrating the threat of S. aureus to catheter survival. The pathogenesis of exit-site infection related to S. aureus nasal carriage in CAPD is reviewed in light of recent findings indicating the pre-CAPD nasal carrier as the patient at risk for subsequent ESI. Postoperative and long-term care of the catheter patient are reviewed for various literature protocols. Treatment recommendations for choice of agents are discussed. Future research should include a better understanding of the morphology of the CAPD catheter exit-site in humans and the healing process. ESI epidemiological studies should be encouraged in tandem with well-designed, controlled studies on the value of prophylactic treatment.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development of alumina ceramic transcutaneous connector to prevent skin exit site infections around CAPD catheters.

It is very important to prevent skin exit site infections in order to continue continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) safely over the long-term. The silicon material conventionally used can result in sinus formation between the skin and the catheter, and may trigger exit site infections. To resolve this problem, we employed a bioinert, rigid, and nonporous transcutaneous connector made of alumina ceramic. Earlier long-term animal experiments with alumina ceramic placed in soft tissue demonstrated the outstanding biocompatibility of this material. The transcutaneous connector was designed with a simple cylindrical configuration; in order to make sufficient contact between this connector and the patient, a silicon tube was made into a swan neck catheter with a disk-shaped Dacron cuff at the upper position in order to reinforce adhesion to soft tissue. Ten CAPD patients (maximum time on dialysis of 14 months) have used the new CAPD catheter system with no exit site infections to date. Furthermore, there has been virtually no downgrowth of the skin around the connector, while the connector and tissue have remained in very close contact.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1990

Exit block in pediatric cardiac pacing. Comparison of the suture-type and fishhook epicardial electrodes.

Ninety-seven consecutive permanent epicardial pacemaker implantations were performed with either suture-type (group I, n = 52) or fishhook electrodes (group II, n = 45). In addition to epicardial fixation of the electrodes at the collar area, the suture-type was further secured in place by tying the electrode's suture at its exit to another nonabsorbable pledget-supported suture. Acute thresholds and slew rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Although the R wave was lower in group I (8.4 +/- 3.5 mV) than in group II (11.8 +/- 6, p less than 0.01), no sensing problems occurred. The larger surface area of suture-type electrode led to lower resistance in group I (271 +/- 61 omega) compared with group II (356 +/- 72, p less than 0.001); however, the difference in pacemaker generator longevity did not appear significant (group I, n = 12, mean 4.7 +/- 1.6 years; group II, n = 4, mean 5 +/- 0.6 years). The incidence of exit block was significantly higher in group II (40%, 18/45) than in group I (8%, 4/52, p less than 0.01). The length of the stimulation tip and better fixation of the suture-type electrode probably accounted for the observed difference in the incidence of exit block between the two electrodes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of Blisterfilm and gauze for peritoneal catheter exit site care.

Presently, gauze is the dressing of choice for exit site care. This article evaluates a different type of exit site dressing called Blisterfilm, a unique polyurethane adhesive film that has greater oxygen permeability, decreases the amount of pressure exerted on the catheter and exit site, and is easily removed.

Catheters, Indwelling↗

PubMed1987

Mechanism of energy coupling to entry and exit of neutral and branched chain amino acids in membrane vesicles of Streptococcus cremoris.

The energetics of neutral and branched chain amino acid transport by membrane vesicles from Streptococcus cremoris have been studied with a novel model system in which beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase functions as a proton-motive force (delta p) generating system. In the presence of reduced cytochrome c, a large delta p was generated with a maximum value at pH 6.0. Apparent H+/amino acid stoichiometries (napp) have been determined at external pH values between 5.5 and 8.0 from the steady state levels of accumulation and the delta p. For L-leucine napp (0.8) was nearly independent of the pH. For L-alanine and L-serine napp decreased from 0.9-1.0 at pH 5.5 to 0-0.2 at pH 8.0. The napp for the different amino acids decreased with increasing external amino acid concentration. At pH 6.0, first order rate constants for amino acid exit (kex) under steady state conditions for L-leucine, L-alanine, and L-serine were 1.1-1.3, 0.084, and 0.053 min-1, respectively. From the pH dependence of kex it is concluded that amino acid exit in steady state is the sum of two processes, pH-dependent carrier-mediated amino acid exit and pH-independent passive diffusion (external leak). The first order rate constant for passive diffusion increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the side chain of the amino acids. As a result of these processes the kinetic steady state attained is less than the amino acid accumulation ratio predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium. The napp determined from the steady state accumulation represents, therefore, a lower limit. It is concluded that the mechanistic stoichiometry (n) for L-leucine, L-alanine, and L-serine transport most likely equals 1.

Amino Acid Transport Systems↗

PubMed1980

"Exit, Voice, and Loyalty:" further reflections and a survey of recent contributions.

Three years after publication of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in firms, Organizations, and States, Professor Hirschman was called upon to extend his consideration of uses of economic modes of reasoning to dissect political phenomena. The exit-voice framework is extended in connection with the search for optimal ways of organizing public services--from the State itself to day care, to the British National Health Service. These little-known further reflections are reprinted as a service to the increasing number of students of exit-voice themes in health services.

Community Participation↗

PubMed1994

Suicidal cyanide ingestion as detailed in Final Exit.

Final Exit is an "informational aid" advocating the practice of active euthanasia and describing the proper method for the foolproof commission of suicide. Although it has been directed toward assisting the terminally ill patient who desires to terminate suffering, it has been suggested that the widespread availability of this book may result in its abuse. Specifically, there is growing concern that "do-it-yourself suicide manuals" could bring about the fruition of suicidal ideations that are relatively common among mentally ill patients and impressionable adolescents. Described is the suicidal ingestion of cyanide by a physically healthy 30-year-old man. His diary, found next to the body, contains a recipe for suicide copied verbatim from Derek Humphry's Final Exit. Although the decedent's history, the scene investigation, and the external examination strongly suggest an underlying psychiatric disorder, postmortem examination disclosed minimal underlying physical disease. This case graphically illustrates the abuse potential of this literary genre. To our knowledge, this is the first case of its kind to appear in the literature. We recommend that forensic pathologists and medical investigators familiarize themselves with the methods of suicide described in Final Exit.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Hypertonic saline compresses: therapy for complicated exit-site infections.

We review our experience with hypertonic saline compress therapy in 17 patients with complicated peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site infections (ESIs). Compresses consisted of exit-site application of 4-5 gauze pads soaked with warm 3% saline for 5-10 minutes, three times daily, for 2-4 weeks, followed by once-daily use thereafter. The mechanism of action involves inhibition of bacterial growth by a hypertonic medium. Eleven patients with cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas were treated with local exist-site measures (cleansers, antiseptics, antibiotic ointments). Therapy, which included multiple courses of systemic antibiotics, failed in 8 patients; in 3 patients, who were intolerant to antibiotics, ESI remained unresolved after local care only. Six patients with culture-negative ESIs received no systemic antibiotics and were unimproved following local therapy. Factors associated with therapy failure included malnutrition, diabetes, obesity, and dermal sensitization and injury associated with prolonged topical agent use. Following hypertonic saline compress therapy, we observed resolution of ESI in all patients without recurrence for follow-up intervals of 3-12 months (mean 6.5 months). Advantages of this therapy include excellent patient acceptance, ease of use, lack of adverse effects on exit site, adjacent skin, catheter or systemic reaction, and minimal expense. Future potential applications include routine daily use for infection prophylaxis and as therapy combined with antibiotics for established ESIs.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1993

Medicare risk contracting: identifying factors associated with market exit.

Over the past few years, a number of HMOs have chosen to discontinue their Medicare risk contracts. Using logistic regression, this study sought to identify factors associated with Medicare risk contract market exit in 1988. Low AAPCC rates were found to systematically affect the market exit of only Medicare risk contractors that were regional components of a central HMO organization. The Medicare risk market exit of other HMOs was found to be principally related to two attributes suggestive of possible unfavorable risk selection: the dropping of a previously offered prescription drug benefit and higher proportions of categorically disabled Medicare enrollees.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗