Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ERYTHROMYCIN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Rosamicin: evaluation in vitro and comparison with erythromycin and lincomycin.

Rosamicin is a new macrolide antibiotic produced by Micromonospora rosaria. It shares certain chemical and biological characteristics with erythromycin. Activity against gram-positive strains was assayed by broth dilution and compared to that of erythromycin and lincomycin. Rosamicin was bacteriostatic and inhibited most strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococci, viridans streptococci, and group A streptococci in concentrations of 0.02 to 4.0 mug/ml. Results were similar for erythromycin and for lincomycin (excluding enterococci). Cross-resistance of gram-positive organisms to these three antimicrobial agents was incomplete. Rosamicin was more active than erythromycin against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas at pH 7.2. Alkalinization of the medium enhanced the activity of both rosamicin and erythromycin; however, rosamicin was still more active than erythromycin against all gram-negative strains at pH 7.6 and 8.0. In view of the high degree of in vitro activity of rosamicin against gram-positive organisms, lack of complete cross-resistance with erythromycin and lincomycin, and the greater activity of rosamicin than erythromycin against gram-negative organisms, further investigation of this macrolide is warranted.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Erythromycin-induced ribosome stall in the ermA leader: a barricade to 5'-to-3' nucleolytic cleavage of the ermA transcript.

The Staphylococcus aureus ermA gene, whose product confers resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B family of antibiotics, is induced at the level of translation by nanomolar concentrations of erythromycin. Erythromycin also specifically stabilizes ermA transcripts, and the induced stabilization requires in-phase translation of at least one of two small leader peptides in the 5' leader region of the transcript. Erythromycin-induced mRNA stabilization was tested in three constructions in which the ermA transcript was elongated by making insertions at the ermA transcription start. Whereas mRNA downstream of the leader peptide is stabilized by erythromycin, mRNA upstream is not. In the presence of erythromycin, specific mRNA decay intermediates in both the extended ermA genes and the wild-type ermA gene were detected by both Northern blotting and S1 nuclease mapping. The 5' ends of the intermediates map to the sequences that encode each of the two ermA leader peptides, suggesting that the intermediates are produced by stalled erythromycin-bound ribosomes acting as barricades to degradation by 5'-to-3' RNases. In addition, whereas erythromycin was found previously to stabilize ermA transcripts only physically, an ermC-cat-86 hybrid transcript was stabilized both physically and functionally by erythromycin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Involvement of two different pathways in the motor effects of erythromycin on the gastric antrum in humans.

BACKGROUND: During the interdigestive state in humans, erythromycin 40 mg induces a premature activity front that starts in the stomach, while erythromycin 200 mg induces a prolonged period of enhanced antral contractile activity. AIMS: To study the involvement of a cholinergic pathway in the motor effects of erythromycin using the muscarinic antagonist atropine and the neural 5-HT1 receptor agonist sumatriptan. METHODS: In 30 healthy volunteers, fasted antroduodenojejunal motor activity was studied by stationary manometry. Placebo (n = 10), atropine (15 micrograms/kg intravenous bolus plus 15 micrograms/kg/h over 30 minutes; n = 10), or sumatriptan (6 mg subcutaneously; n = 10) was administered, followed by infusion of erythromycin 40 mg or 200 mg. RESULTS: After placebo, erythromycin 40 mg induced a premature activity front with gastric onset after 19.1 (1.7) minutes in all volunteers. After atropine, erythromycin 40 mg failed to induce a premature activity front during a 60 minute period in all volunteers (p < 0.001), while sumatriptan prevented the induction of a premature activity front during a 60 minute period in all but one volunteer (p < 0.005). The number of antral contractions and their mean amplitude in the 60 minutes after erythromycin 200 mg did not differ significantly after atropine or sumatriptan versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The antral motor effects of erythromycin in humans are mediated via different pathways. The induction of a premature activity front is mediated through activation of an intrinsic cholinergic pathway, while the induction of enhanced antral contractile activity may be mediated via a pathway potentially involving activation of a muscular receptor.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Preventive effect of erythromycin on experimental bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Erythromycin has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on chronic inflammatory airway disease and chronic infiltration of neutrophils into the airway. Bleomycin (BLM) often induces interstitial lung fibrosis following acute lung injury. A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of erythromycin (EM) on experimental bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in rats. METHODS: Bleomycin-induced lung injury was assessed by light microscopic examination, measurement of neutrophil elastase activity and of the interleukin 8 (IL-8) content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The potential inhibitory effect of erythromycin was assessed by overall comparison of erythromycin untreated (BLM alone), concurrently treated (BLM + EM), and pretreated (BLM + pre-EM) groups. RESULTS: The neutrophil count and concentration of neutrophil-derived elastase in BAL fluid were significantly different in the three groups. The morphological changes of lung injury were also less extensive in rats pretreated with erythromycin. However, these protective effects were not marked in the group concurrently treated with erythromycin. Moreover, the concentration of IL-8 in the BAL fluid tended to be less in the erythromycin treated groups; however, there were no significant differences between the bleomycin-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Erythromycin exhibits a prophylactic effect on acute lung injury induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycin, which is possibly associated with a downregulation of neutrophil-derived elastase.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of erythromycin on D-galactose absorption and sucrase activity in rabbit jejunum.

Erythromycin, an antibiotic used in the treatment of infectious diseases, produces gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea. The mechanisms by which erythromycin produces these effects are not known. However, erythromycin has been shown to increase gastrointestinal motor activity and to inhibit intestinal neutral amino acid absorption. Both effects could contribute to the gastrointestinal side effects observed. Because the intestinal systems of amino acid and sugar transport present similar characteristics, the aim of the present work was to determine whether erythromycin also alters D-galactose absorption and sucrase activity in rabbit jejunum. The results show that erythromycin diminishes intestinal D-galactose absorption. This effect seems to be due to an action mainly located on the Na(+)-dependent sugar transport of the mucosal border of the intestinal epithelium. Erythromycin also inhibits the Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity of the enterocyte, which might explain the inhibition of the D-galactose Na(+)-dependent transport. However, a direct action of the erythromycin molecule on the Na(+)-dependent carrier cannot be excluded. Erythromycin did not alter sucrase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Erythromycin-induced suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses. A potential mechanism of superinfection in the lung.

Erythromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in patients with respiratory infections. Certain of these patients become colonized with new microorganisms and develop superinfections. Antibiotics have a number of effects other than simply killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria and may have direct effects upon host cells, including phagocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that erythromycin decreases polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) directed migration. To test the hypothesis that erythromycin inhibits normal PMN migration into the alveoli in response to a bacterial challenge, mice were challenged by aerosol inhalation with Proteus mirabilis or Staphylococcus aureus and injected intravenously with erythromycin (50 or 100 mg/kg). Pulmonary bactericidal activity and total lavaged lung cell and differential counts were determined 4 h after bacterial challenge. In control mice, only 24 +/- 2% of the initial inoculum of P. mirabilis was viable at 4 h. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, lung defenses after erythromycin were ablated, allowing the proliferation of P. mirabilis to 113 +/- 5% of the initial inoculum. The number of PMN obtained by lavage after P. mirabilis challenge was also inhibited by erythromycin in a dose-dependent manner. In untreated animals, 5.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(6) PMN were recovered as compared with 3.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) and 1.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(6) with increasing doses of erythromycin. Intrapulmonary bactericidal activity against S. aureus was not impaired by erythromycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Erythromycin prophylaxis for recurrent otitis media.

Patients with recurrent otitis media without persistent middle ear effusion were studied for antibiotic prophylaxis efficacy. In the first phase, erythromycin ethylsuccinate was used as prophylaxis for otitis media in 45 patients in a dose of 10 mg/kg twice daily. Acute otitis media occurred in eight of 45 (18%) while receiving erythromycin, and in 22 of 41 (54%) following prophylaxis termination. The attack rate (episodes of otitis media per 2-month period) was 0.86 before prophylaxis, 0.20 during prophylaxis, and 0.79 following prophylaxis. In a second phase of the study, erythromycin was compared with sulfisoxazole for otitis media prophylaxis in a group of 42 children. Sulfisoxazole (500 mg per dose) was administered twice daily. Acute otitis media occurred in five of 28 (18%) children while receiving erythromycin and in nine of 21 (43%) children while receiving no prophylaxis. The attack rate (episodes of otitis media per 2-month period) was 0.81 before erythromycin prophylaxis, 0.18 while receiving erythromycin, and 0.50 after erythromycin prophylaxis. Acute otitis media occurred in eight of 14 (51%) children while receiving sulfisoxazole, and in two of five (40%) children while receiving no prophylaxis. The attack rate (episodes of otitis media per 2-month period) was 0.78 before sulfisoxazole, 0.72 while receiving sulfisoxazole, and 0.56 after sulfisoxazole prophylaxis. Erythromycin antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with recurrent otitis media was superior to no prophylaxis and to sulfisoxazole prophylaxis in this study of patients with recurrent otitis media without persistent middle ear effusion.

Erythromycin↗
PubMed1999

Effects of long-term administration of erythromycin on cytokine production in rat alveolar macrophages.

Low-dose long-term erythromycin treatment has recently been reported to be very effective in patients with chronic respiratory infection and inflammation. This effect of erythromycin was thought to be not antibacterial but anti-inflammatory. However, the exact mechanism of the effect of erythromycin has not yet been clarified. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of erythromycin on cytokine production and its mechanisms of actions in rat alveolar macrophages. Using rats with or without administration of erythromycin for 3 months, the production of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-or (TNF-alpha), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 and CINC-2alpha by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the expression of TNF-alpha and CINC-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) by Northern blotting in rat alveolar macrophages were analysed. CINC-1 is the rat counterpart of human interleukin-8, and CINC-2alpha of human macrophage inflammatory peptide-2. Erythromycin reduced cytokine production and secretion when cytokines was induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment. Conversely, erythromycin slightly upregulated the expression of cytokine mRNA. These results suggest that erythromycin inhibits cytokine production and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by means of a translational and/or posttranslational mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of clarithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.

The efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin and erythromycin stearate in the treatment of documented Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis were compared in a single-centre, open, out-patient study. One hundred and twenty patients were randomly assigned to each treatment group. Dosage of clarithromycin and erythromycin was 250 mg twice daily and 500 mg twice daily, respectively; each patient was given a 10-day supply of medication. Clinical success (cured or improved) was observed in 111 (96.5%) of 115 and in 108 (93.9%) of 115 clinically-evaluable patients treated with clarithromycin and erythromycin, respectively. Eradication of the pathogen occurred in 108 (97.3%) of 111 and in 98 (92.5%) of 106 bacteriologically-evaluable clarithromycin and erythromycin patients, respectively. Adverse events reported by 7 (5.8%) of the clarithromycin-treated and by 12 (10%) of the erythromycin-treated patients included epigastritis and nausea and vomiting. In general, the severity of adverse events was greater for the patients treated with erythromycin, necessitating the discontinuation of therapy in 8 (6.7%) patients treated with erythromycin as opposed to 1 (0.8%) patient treated with clarithromycin. Although clarithromycin and erythromycin were comparable in terms of efficacy, clarithromycin was better tolerated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Clinical and financial impact of intravenous erythromycin therapy in hospitalized patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the economic consequences of intravenous erythromycin use in hospital patients in a variety of clinical circumstances. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with specified primary diagnosis-related group discharge diagnoses treated from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1994, who received erythromycin, and a matched cohort group from the same period who did not receive erythromycin. SETTING: LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, a 520-bed teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A long-term archive of clinical and financial data from a computerized hospital information system was searched for patients meeting a strict case definition. This archive contained information on erythromycin exposure as well as concurrent drug therapy and adverse drug events that had been prospectively evaluated during hospitalization throughout the study and cohort periods. Detailed costs were available for each patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Attributable differences in lengths of stay and total costs determined using linear regression modeling. RESULTS: For 797 erythromycin patients and 2771 cohort patients, we found an attributable increased length of stay of 2.14 days and an increased cost of hospitalization of $6061 for erythromycin case patients. Case patients also had a significantly increased risk of adverse drug events. Linear regression modeling showed that erythromycin use was significantly related to increased length of stay and cost of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous erythromycin use has been associated with significant increases in hospital length of stay and total hospital cost.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study comparing clarithromycin with erythromycin. Canada-Sweden Clarithromycin-Pneumonia Study Group.

The efficacy and safety of orally administered clarithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia were assessed in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Two hundred sixty-eight patients were randomized to receive either clarithromycin, 250 mg twice a day, or erythromycin stearate, 500 mg 4 times a day, for 7 to 14 days. Efficacy was evaluable in 173 patients (92 for clarithromycin, 81 for erythromycin). No statistically significant difference in clinical success rate (cure or improvement) was observed between the two groups (clarithromycin, 97 percent; erythromycin, 96 percent). Both groups had identical radiologic response (97 percent with resolution or improvement). Similarly, no statistically significant difference in bacteriologic response toward the target pathogens was observed among evaluable patients (clarithromycin, 23/26; erythromycin, 17/17; p value = 0.287). Clinical response toward Mycoplasma and Chlamydia pneumonia was comparable between the two groups (clarithromycin, 15/16; erythromycin, 10/11). However, patients receiving erythromycin had a twofold higher incidence of adverse events, mostly related to the gastrointestinal system, and were five times more likely to withdraw from therapy because of drug-related adverse events. These results show that clarithromycin is as effective as erythromycin in the outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Furthermore, the lower incidence of adverse events associated with clarithromycin indicates that it is more acceptable to patients and, therefore, can enhance compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The effects of erythromycin on the electrocardiogram.

BACKGROUND: Various cardiac electrophysiologic effects have been attributed to erythromycin. During the course of treating a pneumonia patient with IV erythromycin, the conversion of atrial fibrillation to a sinus rhythm, and its subsequent reversal, appeared to be causally related to the introduction and cessation of this antibiotic. OBJECTIVE: This observation suggested the need for studying the changes in the ECG following the use of IV erythromycin in a typical clinical setting. DESIGN: A prospective comparative drug study. SETTING: A university-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Nineteen patients being treated for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia. INTERVENTION: IV erythromycin, 500 mg, and/or IV cefuroxime, 750 mg, infused in 250 mL of saline over 20 min. In the 11 patients who were receiving both of the antibiotics, cefuroxime was administered immediately before erythromycin was infused. MEASUREMENTS: The 12-lead ECG measurements were obtained before infusion, at 5-min intervals during each infusion, and at 5 and 10 min after the infusions had been completed. All of the ECG complexes and intervals were measured using a software program (Interpretive Cardiograph; Hewlett Packard; Palo Alto, CA). RESULTS: The administration of IV erythromycin increased heart rate and prolonged the corrected QT (QTc) interval. These changes were significant at 15 min of the infusion, and were no longer evident 5 min after the infusion had been stopped. The administration of IV cefuroxime did not produce any ECG changes. CONCLUSIONS: A single, standard dose of IV erythromycin prolongs the QTc interval; therefore, the drug should always be administered as a slow infusion. ECG monitoring should accompany erythromycin therapy in critically ill patients, in patients with electrolyte disorders, or in patients taking other drugs with similar cardiac effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Use of erythromycin for the treatment of severe chronic constipation in children.

The efficacy of erythromycin was assessed in the treatment of 14 children aged 4 to 13 years with refractory chronic constipation, and presenting megarectum and fecal impaction. A double-blind, placebo- controlled, crossover study was conducted at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital. The patients were randomized to receive placebo for 4 weeks followed by erythromycin estolate, 20 mg kg-1 day-1, divided into four oral doses for another 4 weeks, or vice versa. Patient outcome was assessed according to a clinical score from 12 (most severe clinical condition) to 0 (complete recovery). At enrollment in the study and on the occasion of follow-up medical visits at two-week intervals, patient score and laxative requirements were recorded. During the first 30 days, the mean SD clinical score for the erythromycin group (N = 6) decreased from 8.2+/-2.3 to 2.2+/-1.0 while the score for the placebo group (N = 8) decreased from 7.8+/-2.1 to 2.9+/-2.8. During the second crossover phase, the score for patients on erythromycin ranged from 2.9+/-2.8 to 2.4+/-2.1 and the score for the patients on placebo worsened from 2.2+/-1.0 to 4.3+/-2.3. There was a significant improvement in score when patients were on erythromycin (P < 0.01). Mean laxative requirement was lower when patients ingested erythromycin (P < 0.05). No erythromycin-related side effects occurred. Erythromycin was useful in this group of severely constipated children. A larger trial is needed to fully ascertain the prokinetic efficacy of this drug as an adjunct in the treatment of severe constipation in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Erythromycin accelerates gastric emptying in a dose-response manner in healthy subjects.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a dose-response curve exists for erythromycin, determine the lowest effective dose of erythromycin needed to improve gastric motility, and compare erythromycin's effectiveness with that of metoclopramide in improving gastric emptying. DESIGN: Randomized, crossover, multiintervention trial. SETTING: Inpatient clinical research center. SUBJECTS: Ten healthy volunteers (four men, six women) from the general population. INTERVENTION: On each study day, the subjects were infused with erythromycin 0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, or 3.0 mg/kg; metoclopramide 10 mg; or placebo, in random order. Subjects then drank Ensure 200 ml mixed with acetaminophen 1.5 g. Gastric emptying was estimated by comparing the area under the curve after 60 minutes for acetaminophen absorption using four timed blood draws. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Erythromycin increased gastric emptying in a dose-response manner. Erythromycin 3.0 mg/kg and metoclopramide 10 mg were associated with statistically significant increases in liquid gastric emptying compared with placebo. During infusion, nausea and stomach cramping were associated with the 3.0-mg/kg dose of erythromycin; drowsiness was associated with metoclopramide. CONCLUSION: In patients requiring intravenous erythromycin for gastric motility, the 3.0-mg/kg dose seems the most effective, with a reasonable side effect profile.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2004

[Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes].

Streptococcus pyogenes is the most prevalent cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children. The drug of choice for infections caused by this microorganism is penicillin. The problem of treating such infections arises when erythromycin-resistant strains occur. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to erythromycin. The organism was recovered from the pharynx of children hospitalized or treated on outpatient basis at the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade. Streptococcus pyogenes was identified on blood agar, using bacitracin disc, and confirmed by latex agglutination test (Slidex bioMerieux). Disc diffusion test was carried out to estimate the penicillin resistance. Erythromycin disc was used as screening method to detect erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. MIC for erythromycin was performed by broth dilution method. In the study period from January 2001 to December 2003, all 1100 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes had usual level of penicillin sensitivity. In 2001, only 0.45% of isolates were erythromycin-resistant. In 2002, erythromycin resistance was 0.63%, while in 2003, it was 1.09%. MIC for erythromycin was from 1 to 128 mg/l. Three strains had constitutive and one strain had inducible resistance to clindamycin. According to the results, our conclusion is that, despite sensitivity to penicillin, resistance to macrolides is the emerging phenomenon. Reasonable use of macrolide antibiotics is necessary to maintain the resistance at the lowest level.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Erythromycin antagonizes the deceleration of gastric emptying by glucagon-like peptide 1 and unmasks its insulinotropic effect in healthy subjects.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been proposed to act as an incretin hormone due to its ability to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Because GLP-1 also decelerates gastric emptying, it physiologically reduces rather than augments postprandial insulin secretory responses. Therefore, we aimed to antagonize the deceleration of gastric emptying by GLP-1 to study its effects on insulin secretion after a meal. Nine healthy male volunteers (age 25 +/- 4 years, BMI 25.0 +/- 4.9 kg/m2) were studied with an infusion of GLP-1 (0.8 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) from -30 to 240 min) or placebo. On separate occasions, the prokinetic drugs metoclopramide (10 mg), domperidone (10 mg), cisapride (10 mg, all at -30 min per oral), or erythromycin (200 mg intravenously from -30 to -15 min) were administered in addition to GLP-1. A liquid test meal (50 g sucrose and 8% mixed amino acids in 400 ml) was administered at 0 min. Capillary and venous blood samples were drawn for the determination of glucose (glucose oxidase), insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and pancreatic polypeptide (specific immunoassays). Gastric emptying was assessed by the phenol red dilution technique. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test. GLP-1 significantly decelerated the velocity of gastric emptying (P < 0.001). This was completely counterbalanced by erythromycin, whereas the other prokinetic drugs used had no effect. Postprandial glucose concentrations were lowered by GLP-1 (P < 0.001 vs. placebo), but this effect was partially reversed by erythromycin (P < 0.05). Insulin secretory responses to the meal were lower during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). However, when erythromycin was added to GLP-1, insulin concentrations were similar to those in placebo experiments. The suppression of meal-related increments in glucagon secretion by GLP-1 was reversed by erythromycin (P < 0.001). The time course of GIP secretion was delayed during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05), but when erythromycin was added, the pattern was similar to placebo experiments. GLP-1 administration led to a reduction in pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations (P < 0.05). In contrast, pancreatic polypeptide levels were markedly increased by erythromycin (P < 0.001). Intravenous erythromycin counteracts the deceleration of gastric emptying caused by GLP-1, probably by interacting with the parasympathetic nervous system (pancreatic polypeptide responses). Despite augmented rises in insulin secretion, the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 is markedly reduced when the deceleration of gastric emptying is antagonized, illustrating the importance of this facet of the multiple antidiabetic actions of GLP-1.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hyperglycemia attenuates the gastrokinetic effect of erythromycin and affects the perception of postprandial hunger in normal subjects.

OBJECTIVE: The major aims of this study were to determine in normal subjects whether the effects of erythromycin on gastric emptying, postprandial hunger, and fullness are modified by the blood glucose concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 10 normal subjects (aged 20-39 years) underwent concurrent measurements of gastric emptying, blood glucose, hunger, and fullness on four separate occasions: twice during euglycemia (approximately 4 mmol/l) and twice during hyperglycemia (approximately 15 mmol/l). Either erythromycin (3 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) was administered intravenously immediately before ingestion of a radioisotopically labeled solid meal. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was slower (P < 0.0001) during hyperglycemia when compared with euglycemia after both erythromycin and saline administration. During hyperglycemia, erythromycin reduced the lag phase (77.8 +/- 12.6 vs. 20.3 +/- 7.3 min; P < 0.05) but had no effect on the postlag emptying rate (0.32 +/- 0.077% per min vs. 0.24% per min). Hunger decreased (P < 0.001) and fullness increased (P < 0.001) after the meal. Postprandial hunger was less during hyperglycemia after saline infusion (P < 0.05) but not after erythromycin. Hunger was greater after erythromycin during both hyperglycemia and euglycemia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: At a blood glucose concentration of approximately 15 mmol/l, 1) gastric emptying of a solid meal is slower, when compared with euglycemia, even after administration of erythromycin; 2) the effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying of a solid meal is attenuated; and 3) the perception of postprandial hunger is reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prokinetic effects of erythromycin on the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure of horses during the postoperative period.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of erythromycin on motility of the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure of horses during the postoperative and post-recovery periods. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were anesthetized and bipolar electrodes were implanted in smooth muscle of the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure. Approximately 4, 16, and 24 hours (postoperative recording sessions) and at least 8 days (post-recovery recording session) after surgery, myoelectric activity was recorded before and after administration of erythromycin (0.5 mg/kg). RESULTS: Following erythromycin administration, myoelectric activity was increased in the ileum during all postoperative recording sessions but not during the post-recovery recording session. Myoelectric activity was increased in the cecum following erythromycin administration only during the post-recovery recording session. Myoelectric activity was increased in the pelvic flexure following erythromycin administration during all recording sessions. During several recording sessions, there were short periods during which myoelectric activity was significantly decreased following erythromycin administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that erythromycin has an effect on myoelectric activity of the ileum, cecum, and pelvic flexure in horses; however, prokinetic effects of erythromycin administered during the postoperative period were not always the same as effects obtained when the drug was administered after horses had recovered from the effects of surgical implantation of recording devices. Therefore, caution must be exercised when extrapolating results of prokinetic studies in healthy animals to animals with abnormal gastrointestinal tract motility.

Animals↗