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Results for “DENTAL PULP”

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PubMed1991

Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of somatostatin-like immunoreactive nerves in human dental pulp.

Specific antiserum to somatostatin was used for the immunocytochemical detection of this neuropeptide in human dental pulp. Immunoreactive axon varicosities were observed in the radicular as well as coronal pulp. Fibers displaying somatostatin-like immunoreactivity were detectable within radicular nerve trunks and were found to be associated mainly with blood vessels. Nevertheless, positive fibers with no apparent relation to blood vessels were also observed. No pulp cell was found to be immunoreactive. Previous physiological studies demonstrated that somatostatin may function as a regulatory peptide in feline dental pulp via a pre-synaptic inhibition of substance P release from sensory nerve terminals. It is tempting to speculate that such a mechanism may also be effective in human teeth and may be of value in the regulation of pulpal blood flow and in situations when sensory nerve fibers are activated, e.g., during pulpal inflammation.

Axons↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of the odontogenic and osteogenic potentials of dental pulp in vivo using a Col1a1-2.3-GFP transgene.

Recently, transgenic mice that carry a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter gene fused to 2.3 kb fragment of rat Col1a1 regulatory sequences (pOBCol2.3GFPemd) were generated. In the present study, we have examined the patterns of expression of Col1a1-2.3-GFP during odontoblast differentiation in this transgenic line. We report that Col1a1-2.3-GFP is expressed in newly differentiated odontoblasts secreting predentin and fully differentiated odontoblasts. The pattern of expression of Col1a1-2.3-GFP in odontoblasts is correlated with that of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Col1a1-2.3-GFP is also expressed in the osteoblasts and osteocytes of alveolar bone. The pattern of expression of Col1a1-2.3-GFP in osteocytes is correlated with the expression of Dmp1. These observations indicate the 2.3 kb rat Col1a1 promoter fragment has sufficient strength and specificity to monitor the stage-specific changes during both odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation. We also used coronal pulp tissues isolated from postnatal pOBCol2.3GFPemd transgenic animals to follow their differentiation after transplantation under the kidney capsule. Our observations provide direct evidence that the dental pulp contains competent progenitor cells capable of differentiating into new generations of odontoblast-like cells which express high levels of Col1a1-2.3-GFP and DSPP and secrete tubular containing reparative dentin. We also report that the dental pulp is capable of giving rise to atubular bone-like tissue containing osteocytes expressing high levels of Col1a1-2.3-GFP and Dmp1. Our studies indicate that pOBCol2.3GFPemd transgenic animals provide a powerful tool for direct examination of the underlying mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved in dentin regeneration and repair, stem cell properties and heterogeneity of the dental pulp.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Quantitative study of catecholamines in normal human dental pulp].

The purpose of this report was to study quantitatively the levels of catecholamines in human dental pulp by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 10 healthy teeth were selected from the extractions due to orthodontic reasons. The pulp of the teeth were obtained immediately after the extraction and samples were analyzed by means of HPLC for levels of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. The result showed that the concentration of norepinephrine in human dental pulp was 23.47 +/- 0.52 micrograms/g pulp tissue and dopamine was 19.17 +/- 1.03 micrograms/g pulp tissue.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed2005

Immunoglobulin producing cells in the rat dental pulp after unilateral sympathectomy.

Recent studies show that sympathetic nerves participate in immunomodulation. We investigated the effects of unilateral sympathectomy on recruitment of cells expressing kappa and lambda (kappa and lambda) light chains in the rat dental pulp. Superior cervical ganglion was removed in experimental rats (n=10) while control rats (n=8) received sham surgery. Following perfusion 18 days later, mandibular jaws were processed for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Sympathectomy results in recruitment of cells expressing kappa and lambda light chains into the dental pulp (P=0.005). Electron microscopy revealed these cells to be mainly plasma cells and Mott cells. We conclude that neural imbalance caused by unilateral sympathectomy recruits immunoglobulin producing cells in the dental pulp. Our results are in agreement with a model of immune regulation in which the sympathetic nervous system exerts a tonic regulatory effect over lymphocyte proliferation and migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Different localizations of growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings of adult rat periodontal ligament, dental pulp and skin.

Distributions of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of adult rats were studied by light and electron microscopy. The mature periodontal ligament and dental pulp contained numerous GAP-43-positive neural elements, comprising periodontal Ruffini endings and thin nerve fibers, but expression patterns differed among the kinds of nerves. In the periodontal ligament of rat molars, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that GAP-43 like immunoreactivity in the Ruffini ending, an essential mechanoreceptor, was confined to the Schwann sheaths around the axon terminals and was not in the axon terminals themselves, unlike free endings that revealed axonal GAP-43. However, the lamellar Schwann cells associated with the cutaneous receptors did not exhibit any GAP-43 like immunoreactivity though they were intensely reactive for low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75-NGFR), a marker for lamellar Schwann cells in mechanoreceptors. The characteristically uniform expression of GAP-43 in the Schwann lamellae that surround the Ruffini mechanoreceptors of rat molar ligament suggests that Schwann cells are involved in the GAP-43 mediated plasticity of these receptors. On the other hand, the pulpal nerves were filled with the reaction products in their axonal spaces, suggesting the potential for neuronal plasticity during normal function and after tooth injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Inhibitory effects of adrenaline on the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp.

The effects of adrenaline on the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp in vitro were examined. Sympathetic nerves were stimulated at 5 Hz for 100 sec following incubation of pulp with [3H]noradrenaline (0.6 micromol/l). In the presence of desipramine (DMI, 0.3 micromol/l), adrenaline (0.1 and 1.0 micromol/l) inhibited the release of [3H]noradrenaline, an effect which was inhibited by the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine (0.1 micromol/l) and by the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14,304 (0.1 micromol/l). The release of [3H]noradrenaline was unaffected by adrenaline (0.001 and 0.01 micromol/l) in the presence of DMI and DMI plus rauwolscine. Although presynaptic inhibitory alpha2- and facilitatory beta-adrenoceptors are present on sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp, these results imply that adrenaline activates only the inhibitory alpha2-receptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Mineralization of human dental pulp cells in continued culture].

The purpose of this study was to understand the mineralization of human dental pulp cells in vitro. Pulp cells were isolated from human normal permanent teeth and cultured in normal tissue-culture medium. With continued culture, pulp cells formed cell nodules after 12-15 days, but no cell nodules were found from human gingiva fibroblasts. Pulp cells showed high alkaline phosphatase activity and the nodules were strongly stained by Von Kossa. Furthermore, the nodules showed high level of calcium and phosphorus by Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and pulp cells had similar ultrastrusture with odontoblasts under TEM. The continued culture of pulp cells provides a useful system for studying differentiation and calcification of pulp tissue.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Identification of hyaluronidase activity in rabbit dental pulp.

A hyaluronidase activity was demonstrated in rabbit dental pulp. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 3.8. The enzyme activity was enhanced by protamine and poly-L-lysine and was inhibited by iodoacetamide, ferric ion, and ferrous ion in decreasing order. The product of the enzyme reaction was identified as tetrasaccharide. From these results it was concluded that the enzyme exists in pulp tissue and is functioning for degradation of proteoglycans in situ.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in dental pulp of immature permanent teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in normal human dental pulp of immature permanent teeth. METHODS: The teeth root development has been completed 1/3-3/4. Their pulps were immunohisto-chemically examined by use of bFGF antibody and image analysis techniques were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Staining was strongly positive in immature permanent teeth pulp. Image analysis indicated that in the coronal pulp, the gray value of the pulp core was higher than that of the outer pulp, while in the root pulp was the opposite (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: bFGF may play a role in dental pulp development and maturation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparative evaluation of neural tissue antigens--neurofilament protein (NF), peripherin (PRP), S100B protein (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin-A (CgA)--in both normal and inflamed human mature dental pulp.

The immunohistochemical detection of neurofilament protein (NF), peripherin (PRP), S100B protein (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin-A (CgA) has been studied in nerve fibres and bundles of human dental pulp. This was done in order to identify possible differences in the distribution pattern of the above markers between normal and inflamed pulp and, further, to evaluate their potential use as peripheral markers of dental innervation as well as objective markers for the determination of the extent of inflammation. Both normal and inflamed human dental pulp showed positive immunolabelling for NF, S100B and NSE and lack of labelling for PRP and CgA protein. An increased density of NF, S100B and NSE immunoreactive nerve fibres was observed in inflamed pulp samples compared to non-inflamed. The findings of this study suggest the possible application of NF, S100B and NSE as markers of dental innervation. Furthermore, they may be useful for the determination of the extent of pulpal inflammation, and might be utilized in alternative modalities of biological pulp therapy to reduce the inflammation process. The absence of CgA immunolabelling implies the presumptive absence of neuroendocrine antigens, while further research is required in order to clarify the involvement of PRP in dental pulp.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An investigation of lymphatic vessels in the feline dental pulp.

The existence of lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp has been a matter of continuing controversy. We have now used light microscopy to examine semithin transverse sections of perfusion-fixed incisors and canines in cats. Lymphatics were found in all the teeth studied. In most teeth they were present in the coronal, middle, and apical regions of the pulp; but in a few they were lacking coronally and in the middle. Within individual teeth, lymphatics were found in the subodontoblastic zone or more centrally in the pulp; but none were found in the odontoblast layer or in the pulp horns. Vessels located by light microscopy were subsequently examined by transmission electron microscopy. Their ultrastructural features were typical of lymphatics and included irregular, attenuated endothelium with adjacent cells joined in different ways. Occasional gaps connected the extracellular spaces with their lumens, and abluminal endothelial projections appeared to form open end bulbs. There was very little basement membrane, but anchoring filaments were found near the abluminal surface of the endothelium and near collagen fibrils. The total cross-sectional area of lymphatic vessels was measured in semithin sections and, with pulp area, increased from the coronal region to the middle. However, both areas decreased from the middle to the apical region suggesting either that lymph flows faster as it reaches the foramens of the apical delta or that some vessels leave the tooth through lateral root canals. Using the methods of light and transmission electron microscopy, therefore, we have shown that pulp lymphatic vessels exist. Questions remain, however, about their distribution within teeth, variations between teeth, and routes of exit from teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

PGD phenotyping in bloodstains, organ tissues, dental pulps and hair roots by isoelectric focusing.

Polymorphism of PGD was investigated in bloodstains, organ tissues, dental pulps, hair roots and semen by isoelectric focusing. This technique provided much higher resolution of PGD isoenzymes than starch gel electrophoresis. Phenotyping was possible from bloodstains for 5 weeks, from organ tissues (except pancreas) for 1-3 weeks, from dental pulps for 2 weeks and from hair roots for 2 weeks when they were stored at room temperature. The method is simple, rapid, reliable and therefore useful in medicolegal individualization of bloodstains, organ tissues, teeth and hairs.

Blood Stains↗