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Scope of Health Care Benefits for Children from Birth Through Age 21.

The optimal health of children can best be achieved by providing access to comprehensive health care benefits. This policy statement outlines and defines the recommended set of health insurance benefits for children through age 21. These services encompass medical care, critical care, pediatric surgical care, behavioral health services, specialized services for children with special health care needs, and oral health. It replaces the 1997 statement, "Scope of Health Care Benefits for Newborns, Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Through Age 21 Years."

Adolescent↗

Podiatric assessment of the geriatric patient.

UNLABELLED: The final report of the 1981 White House Conference on Aging stated the following: Recommendation number 148: Comprehensive foot care be provided for the elderly in a manner equal to care provided for other parts of the human body, to permit patients to remain ambulatory. IMPLEMENTATION: Remove current Medicare exclusions which preclude comprehensive foot care. Given the high prevalence of foot problems in the elderly, especially in those patients who have chronic diseases and mental health problems, foot care is essential. Keeping patients walking is a goal that needs to be met if older persons are to maintain a high degree of quality in their lives. Foot health, care, and foot health promotion should be a part of comprehensive health care for older Americans. The ability to remain active and ambulatory is one means of assuring independence, dignity, and self-esteem for the elderly. To accomplish this aim, practitioners must think comprehensively and recognize that team care is an essential part of chronic disease management in the older patient. Foot health education, such as programs developed by the Pennsylvania Diabetes Academy of Pennsylvania, is available to patients and professionals and should be employed. Adults with chronic disease and older patients are at high risk for foot-related disease and should have access to continuing foot assessment, education, surveillance, and care. For this population, the ability to prevent complications and maintain mobility and ambulation will be reflected in their quality of life and their ability to remain mentally alert and active in their communities.

Aged↗

Factors influencing the diagnosis of mental disorder among primary care patients.

Understanding the role primary care physicians play in the recognition and management of mental disorder among their patients is a research topic that has assumed considerable importance because of the high prevalence combined with low recognition of mental morbidity in primary care settings. Patient characteristics that influence diagnostic patterns have been one important focus of this research. This paper presents data from a study in two primary care departments in a large comprehensive health care clinic in central Wisconsin. During a 3-month period, 1,452 attenders at these clinics were assessed using a brief psychiatric screening scale, and special study forms were completed by the primary care clinicians. Consistent with previous research, reason for visit, psychiatric symptoms, and prior knowledge of the patient are significant predictors of physician diagnosis of mental disorder. Additionally, pattern of physician practice, as represented by differences between the two types of clinics, was a strong predictor of both diagnosis and treatment. The lack of significant effects of sex and previous medical utilization is contrary to previous research. Key words: mental disorders; diagnosis; primary care.

Adult↗

Health care reform in Vermont: the next chapter.

It seemed inconceivable that Vermont would not enact comprehensive health care reform in 1994. Two years earlier the Vermont legislature had created the Vermont Health Care Authority to prepare the groundwork for major reform. Yet the 1994 Vermont General Assembly could not reach agreement on legislation. What went wrong? Some on the political left and right say that the legislature stopped "bad" legislation. The Vermont story reveals the failure of reformers to convince interest groups and ordinary citizens about the capacity of government to reform the health system.

Health Care Reform↗

Baby boomers grow up.

"The baby boom generation has different expectations and a far different background than older generations" when it comes to their health care, says one expert on the subject. Indeed, providers can expect the demands of the emerging consumer generation to be radically different: The new health care consumers will actively participate in their own care, and will help shape the debate over comprehensive health care reform. Are you ready?

Adult↗

Foster child health care supervision policy.

Foster children represent a high-risk group for physical, emotional, and social health problems, yet few federal or state policies explicitly address foster child health. This article reviews foster child health and the legal background for policy, then discusses components of a comprehensive health care supervision program.

Child↗

Implementation and evaluation of a primary care preceptorship.

As part of overall curricular reform, the University of Michigan Medical School developed and implemented a required primary care clerkship for third-year students in July 1993. The clerkship was intended to help students develop an understanding of the principles of comprehensive health care and of disease prevention and the knowledge and skills to manage common problems in primary care. The successful implementation of the program was based on agreement across primary care specialties on a common set of goals and objectives, which were developed with the involvement of community practitioners; frequent communication with preceptors to identify problems and students at risk; active feedback to preceptors; and thorough formal and informal evaluations of students and preceptors. Students and preceptors felt the program was beneficial to them; still, the medical school must in the future address concerns about more accurately grading students, retaining preceptors, and ensuring that students be exposed to the broadest possible range of primary care patients and services.

Clinical Clerkship↗

[Primary care].

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Comprehensive Health Care↗

The public health implications of ethnomedical practices.

The public health implications of ethnomedical practices are extensive. In particular, there is the need to research the cultural and social behaviour patterns relevant to health care in order to utilise aspects of ethnomedical practices within a comprehensive health care system. To exploit the positive aspects of the ethnomedical practices successfully, health education for the consumers (the population) and the producers (the health workers) must be developed. Because of the limited resources of most developing countries and as a part of the movement away from "industrialized medicine", a large number of health auxiliary workers, including ethnomedical practitioners, need to be trained and deployed to develop and maintain this new health care system.

Community Health Workers↗

Pepper Commission recommends universal health care coverage.

Many Americans are without adequate health care as costs continue to rise. Health care insurance is unaffordable or unavailable to over half the working poor, but hospitals can no longer bear the expense of uncompensated care. The United States Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care has issued recommendations to Congress entitled "Health Care and Long Term Care for All Americans." The Commission plan proposes a system that would be phased in over several years. This article discusses phases of the system from the first through the fifth year.

Health Services Accessibility↗