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The polysaccharides-nucleic acid fraction extracted from BCG was found out to be a good adjuvant. Through the activation and protective of the suppressed body immune system, particularly the macrophages and T cells, it gave good protection to the Sendai virus airway infection of C57BL mice, and clinical effect on the common cold susceptible.
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All eight publications since 1984 that have reported a total of 10 clinical studies of the treatment of common colds with zinc are reviewed. The reasons for the puzzling mix of diametrically opposite results in these studies are elucidated and related to independent in vitro investigations. A theoretical framework is put forth that explains the beneficial effects of zinc and that has a solid foundation based on the known molecular structures of the surface of human rhinovirus and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the docking point for human rhinovirus present on the surfaces of cells of the nasal epithelium. The results of clinical investigations and theory suggest that consistently beneficial therapeutic effects can be expected of zinc ions from zinc gluconate with glycine in lozenges prepared according to homeopathic principles and procedures. The latest study published used an "intent to treat" statistical model, and the highly beneficial effects of zinc found in that study could not be compared directly with results from any earlier studies. Raw data from that study were therefore reanalyzed on the basis of assessable patients, and the results show an even better effect and can be compared directly with earlier findings. No side effects or adverse experiences due to zinc that were serious, disturbing, or persistent were found in any of the 10 studies.
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Six of 12 men wintering at an isolated Antarctic base sequentially developed symptoms and signs of a common cold after 17 weeks of complete isolation. Examination of specimens taken from the men in relation to the outbreak has not revealed a causative agent.
A rhinomanometric technique was used to evaluate the nasal decongestant effect of a single dose of Day Nurse over a 4-hour post-dosing period in human volunteers suffering from nasal congestion due to a common cold. A significant improvement in nasal congestion was obtained at the 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour and 4 hour post-dosing interval, from initial values compared to a placebo group. The study therefore demonstrated by an objective technique that Day Nurse provides relief of nasal congestion and related symptoms in cold sufferers.
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Two-hundred seventy-six volunteers completed a life stressor interview and psychological questionnaires and provided blood and urine samples. They were then inoculated with common cold viruses and monitored for the onset of disease. Although severe acute stressful life events (less than 1 month long) were not associated with developing colds, severe chronic stressors (1 month or longer) were associated with a substantial increase in risk of disease. This relation was attributable primarily to under- or unemployment and to enduring interpersonal difficulties with family or friends. The association between chronic stressors and susceptibility to colds could not be fully explained by differences among stressed and nonstressed persons in social network characteristics, personality, health practices, or prechallenge endocrine or immune measures.
BACKGROUND: Little data exist on the cause and treatment of subfacial pain and pressure and other discomfort attributed to the paranasal sinuses that develop early during the course of the common cold. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the combination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride with acetaminophen for the treatment of early symptoms during colds, which are attributed by the patient to the sinuses. METHODS: Four hundred thirty subjects (216, pseudoephedrine and acetaminophen recipients; 214, placebo recipients) with cold symptoms of 48 hours or less who reported overall "sinus" symptoms of at least moderate severity were enrolled in this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 2-dose study. Self-reported symptoms were scored (0 to 4, absent to severe) before and at 2 hours after the first and second doses. The 2 primary were measured 2 hours after the second dose were the overall sinus symptom assessment and a weighted composite assessment of sinus pressure, pain, and congestion (sinus symptoms). RESULTS: Compared with baseline, 2 hours after the second dose, the mean +/- SEM overall sinus symptom assessment score had decreased by 1.30 +/- 0. 06 in the pseudoephedrine and acetaminophen-treated subjects compared with 0.93 +/- 0.06 in the placebo-treated subjects (P< or = .029). The mean +/- SEM weighted average of sinus symptoms 2 hours after the second dose of study medication had decreased by 1.14 +/- 0.06 in the pseudoephedrine and acetaminophen-treated subjects compared with 0.84 +/- 0.06 in the placebo-treated subjects (P< or = .029). Reductions in similar magnitude were also observed for each of the individual sinus symptoms, and headache and rhinorrhea. Nervousness occurred in 4% of the pseudoephedrine and acetaminophen recipients compared with 0% of placebo recipients (P =.007). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that pseudoephedrine plus acetaminophen is effective for relief of symptoms attributable to the paranasal sinuses that may develop early in the course of a cold. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:979-985
In 1941 Harvard University and the American Red Cross provided an epidemiological team and an infectious diseases hospital for Britain. Since 1946 the buildings have been occupied by the Common Cold Unit where research has been carried out into many aspects of the causative viruses and their role in the disease, and also into methods of preventing it. The establishment is to be closed down this year.
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In this randomized double-blind study the effect of an oral, combined preparation (antihistamine + decongestant) on Eustachian tube function was compared with that of placebo in 80 adults with common cold. Tubal patency was measured by sonotubometry and indirectly by tympanometry. Sonotubometry clearly showed the Eustachian tube gradually returning to normal as the infection resolved. The tubal opening measurements revealed a slight tendency towards improved tubal function with the active drug, but the differences between the treated and the placebo group were statistically insignificant.
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