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Results for “Color Vision”

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PubMed1984

Correlation between color vision scores and quantitative perimetry in suspected glaucoma.

The mean differential threshold, studied on the Octopus perimeter, and color vision, estimated by the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test, were studied in glaucoma suspects and patients with questionable early field defects. The results of both tests were significantly correlated. The color vision scores correlated with the central, paracentral, and midperipheral parts of the visual field. This result suggests that both functions are disturbed in glaucoma and that the disturbance may be present diffusely throughout the visual field.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Color vision in squirrel monkeys: sex-related differences suggest the mode of inheritance.

Behavioral tests of vision in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) reveal that there are widespread individual variations in color vision in this species. The variation has a sex-related component: whereas both trichromatic and dichromatic color vision occurs among female monkeys, males appear exclusively dichromatic. This finding suggests that, unlike humans, squirrel monkeys have only a single photopigment locus on the X chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A bidimensional theory of achromatic color vision.

The theory is based on a perceptive color system where the achromatic colors are specified by their degree of similarity to the three qualities white, black and luminous. Black and luminous are treated as opponent variables. It is assumed that white and luminous/black are determined by different kinds of visual processes termed the w- and the b-process. The relationship between these processes and luminance parameters in a simple disc/ring configuration is derived from available data. The b-process is related to stimulus contrast in a simple manner. It is assumed to involve cells with antagonistic center/surround organization of the receptive field. The w-process is primarily determined by the local luminance, and it is assumed to involve cells that lack a center/surround organization of the receptive field. The w-process has properties similar to the processes involved in chromatic color vision. The theory can account for different kinds of psychophysical data on achromatic colors like data on simultaneous contrast, color scaling, and color constancy.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1995

Colorimetric analyses of various light sources for the D-15 color vision test.

Colorimetric analyses were performed in both normal trichromatic and dichromatic color spaces to determine whether several light sources were suitable illuminants for the Farnsworth-Munsell Panel D-15 (D-15) color vision test. Results for fluorescent lamps showed that lamps with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 7200 degrees K and a general color rendering index (GCRI) of at least 90 are acceptable substitutes for illuminant C. Predictions for filtered tungsten light indicated that lights with a color temperature near 5000 degrees K are unsuitable because of nonuniformities in the glass daylight filter transmittance. Conclusions based on these analyses are conservative because, with exception of the GCRI, color adaptation effects were not taken into account.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1998

Color vision defects with variation in the exon 5 of red and green pigment genes.

PURPOSE: To investigate correlation of variation in the exon 5 of red and green pigment genes with color vision defects. METHODS: Exon 5 of the red and green pigment genes in 11 protans, 19 deutans and 38 normal controls were analyzed by heteroduplux-SSCP analysis. RESULTS: In all 11 protans and 8 of the 19 deutans, defects of the red or green pigment gene could be identified. The C polymorphism (A/C at codon 283) in green pigment gene was present in 8 of 44 trichromats and 5 of 24 dichromats. Specific electrophoretic bands were found in 2 normal controls and a deutan. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in the exon 5 of the red and green pigment genes is the most common cause for color vision defects. Heteroduplex-SSCP analysis is a suitable way in screening specific variation in visual pigment genes.

Chromosomes, Human, X↗
PubMed1995

Polymorphism in the number of genes encoding long-wavelength-sensitive cone pigments among males with normal color vision.

Examination by direct DNA sequence analysis of the X-linked visual pigment genes in 27 males with normal color vision reveals that almost half have two or more different genes encoding a long-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment. This is counter to the conventional theory proposed from results of Southern hybridization studies that there is a single long-wave pigment gene per X-chromosome. Further, the sequences and consideration of the structure of the X-linked pigment gene array suggest that the majority of the observers (as many as 2/3) have hybrid (or fusion) genes like those that have been proposed to underlie color anomaly. In some observers the long-wave hybrid genes contain a substantial amount of middle-wave sequence, e.g. five observers have hybrid long-wave genes that contain middle-wave sequences that include exon 4. Three of those five have the hybrid as their only long-wave gene, and thus have no other gene that could potentially encode a long-wave pigment. In these subjects, it is the hybrid gene that produces their normal long-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment. The high frequency of hybrid genes indicates that they are normal variant forms of the long-wave gene. Contrary to what is commonly believed, the introduction and the expression of hybrid genes is not sufficient to cause color vision defects.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Is color vision deficiency an advantage under scotopic conditions?

PURPOSE: To examine experimentally whether color vision deficiency confers a selective advantage under scotopic conditions. METHODS: Red-green color-deficient subjects, monochromats, and age-matched color-normal control subjects were examined. In each subject the time course of dark adaptation, scotopic visual field sensitivity, and performance on a scotopic perceptual task were measured. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between red-green color-deficient subjects and control subjects on any of the three tests. Our small sample of monochromats had higher absolute thresholds than the corresponding control subjects, but their performance at the scotopic visual field test and perceptual task did not differ significantly from that of color-normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found that red-green color deficiency or monochromatism confers a selective advantage under scotopic conditions.

Adolescent↗